Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola ( , , ; 1 October 15077 July 1573), often simply called Vignola, was one of the great Italian architects of 16th century
Mannerism
Mannerism, which may also be known as Late Renaissance, is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Ital ...
. His two great masterpieces are the
Villa Farnese
The Villa Farnese, also known as Villa Caprarola, is a pentagonal mansion in the town of Caprarola in the province of Viterbo, Northern Lazio, Italy, approximately north-west of Rome. This villa should not be confused with the Palazzo Farnese a ...
at Caprarola and the Jesuits'
Church of the Gesù
, image = Church of the Gesù, Rome.jpg
, imagesize =
, caption = Giacomo della Porta's façade, precursor of Baroque
, mapframe = yes
, mapframe-caption = Click on the map for a full ...
in Rome. The three architects who spread the Italian Renaissance style throughout Western Europe are Vignola,
Serlio and
Palladio
Andrea Palladio ( ; ; 30 November 1508 – 19 August 1580) was an Italian Renaissance architect active in the Venetian Republic. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily Vitruvius, is widely considered to be one of t ...
.
He is often considered the most important architect in
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
in the
Mannerist
Mannerism, which may also be known as Late Renaissance, is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, spreading by about 1530 and lasting until about the end of the 16th century in Ita ...
era.
Biography
Giacomo Barozzi was born at
Vignola
Vignola (Emilian language#Dialects, Modenese: ; Bolognese dialect, Bolognese: ) is a city and ''comune'' in the province of Modena (Emilia-Romagna), Italy.
Its economy is based on agriculture, especially fruit farming, but there are also mechani ...
, near
Modena
Modena (, , ; egl, label= Modenese, Mòdna ; ett, Mutna; la, Mutina) is a city and '' comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.
A town, and seat o ...
(
Emilia-Romagna
egl, Emigliàn (man) egl, Emiglièna (woman) rgn, Rumagnòl (man) rgn, Rumagnòla (woman) it, Emiliano (man) it, Emiliana (woman) or it, Romagnolo (man) it, Romagnola (woman)
, population_note =
, population_blank1_title ...
).
He began his career as architect in
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different na ...
, supporting himself by painting and making perspective
template
Template may refer to:
Tools
* Die (manufacturing), used to cut or shape material
* Mold, in a molding process
* Stencil, a pattern or overlay used in graphic arts (drawing, painting, etc.) and sewing to replicate letters, shapes or designs
...
s for
inlay
Inlay covers a range of techniques in sculpture and the decorative arts for inserting pieces of contrasting, often colored materials into depressions in a base object to form Ornament (art), ornament or pictures that normally are flush with th ...
craftsmen.
He made a first trip to Rome in 1536 to make measured drawings of
Roman temple
Ancient Roman temples were among the most important buildings in Roman culture, and some of the richest buildings in Roman architecture, though only a few survive in any sort of complete state. Today they remain "the most obvious symbol of ...
s, with a thought to publish an illustrated
Vitruvius
Vitruvius (; c. 80–70 BC – after c. 15 BC) was a Roman architect and engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled '' De architectura''. He originated the idea that all buildings should have three attribut ...
.
Then
François I called him to
Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau (; ) is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southeast of the centre of Paris. Fontainebleau is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne department, and it is the seat of the ''arrondissemen ...
, where he spent the years 1541–1543. Here he probably met his fellow Bolognese, the architect
Sebastiano Serlio
Sebastiano Serlio (6 September 1475 – c. 1554) was an Italian Mannerist architect, who was part of the Italian team building the Palace of Fontainebleau. Serlio helped canonize the classical orders of architecture in his influential trea ...
and the painter
Primaticcio
Francesco Primaticcio (April 30, 1504 – 1570) was an Italian Mannerist painter, architect and sculptor who spent most of his career in France.
Biography
Born in Bologna, he trained under Giulio Romano in Mantua and became a pupil of ...
.
After his return to Italy, he designed the
Palazzo Bocchi in Bologna.
Later he moved to Rome.
Here he worked for
Pope Julius III
Pope Julius III ( la, Iulius PP. III; it, Giulio III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 February 1550 to his death in March 155 ...
and, after the latter's death, he was taken up by the papal family of the
Farnese and worked with
Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known as Michelangelo (), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was ins ...
, who deeply influenced his style (see
Works
Works may refer to:
People
* Caddy Works (1896–1982), American college sports coach
* Samuel Works (c. 1781–1868), New York politician
Albums
* '' ''Works'' (Pink Floyd album)'', a Pink Floyd album from 1983
* ''Works'', a Gary Burton album ...
section for details of his works in this period).
In 1558, he was in
Piacenza
Piacenza (; egl, label= Piacentino, Piaṡëinsa ; ) is a city and in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, and the capital of the eponymous province. As of 2022, Piacenza is the ninth largest city in the region by population, with over ...
to revise the designs of Palazzo Farnese, commissioned by
Margaret of Austria, wife of the Duke
Ottavio Farnese
Ottavio Farnese (9 October 1524 – 18 September 1586) reigned as Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1547 until his death and Duke of Castro from 1545 to 1547 and from 1553 until his death.
Biography
Born in Valentano, Ottavio was the second ...
and daughter of Emperor
Charles V Charles V may refer to:
* Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558)
* Charles V of Naples (1661–1700), better known as Charles II of Spain
* Charles V of France (1338–1380), called the Wise
* Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (1643–1690)
* Infa ...
.
From 1564 Vignola carried on Michelangelo's work at
St Peter's Basilica
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican ( it, Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica ( la, Basilica Sancti Petri), is a Church (building), church built in the Renaissance architecture, Renaissanc ...
, and constructed the two subordinate domes according to Michelangelo's plans.
Giacomo Barozzi died in Rome in 1573. In 1973 his remains were reburied in the
Pantheon, Rome
The Pantheon (, ; la, Pantheum,Although the spelling ''Pantheon'' is standard in English, only ''Pantheum'' is found in classical Latin; see, for example, Pliny, '' Natural History'36.38 "Agrippas Pantheum decoravit Diogenes Atheniensis". Se ...
.
Works
Major architectural works
Vignola's main works include:
* Project for the facade of the
Basilica of San Petronio (1545 ca.),
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different na ...
.
*
Villa Giulia for
Pope Julius III
Pope Julius III ( la, Iulius PP. III; it, Giulio III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 February 1550 to his death in March 155 ...
, in Rome (1550‑1553). Here Vignola was working with
Ammanati, who designed the
nymphaeum
A ''nymphaeum'' or ''nymphaion'' ( grc, νυμφαῖον), in ancient Greece and Rome, was a monument consecrated to the nymphs, especially those of springs.
These monuments were originally natural grottoes, which tradition assigned as habit ...
and other garden features under the general direction of
Vasari
Giorgio Vasari (, also , ; 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian Renaissance Master, who worked as a painter, architect, engineer, writer, and historian, who is best known for his work ''The Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculpt ...
, with guidance from the knowledgeable pope and
Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known as Michelangelo (), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was ins ...
. A medal of 1553 shows Vignola's main villa substantially as it was completed, save for a pair of cupolas.
*
Villa Farnese
The Villa Farnese, also known as Villa Caprarola, is a pentagonal mansion in the town of Caprarola in the province of Viterbo, Northern Lazio, Italy, approximately north-west of Rome. This villa should not be confused with the Palazzo Farnese a ...
at Caprarola (1559–1573);
*
Villa Lante
Villa Lante is a Mannerist garden of surprise in Bagnaia, Viterbo, central Italy, attributed to Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola.
Villa Lante did not become so known until it passed to Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere, Duke of Bomarzo, in the ...
at Bagnaia (1566 onwards), including the gardens and their water features and ''casini'';
*
Chiesa del Gesù, Rome, the mother church of the
Jesuit
, image = Ihs-logo.svg
, image_size = 175px
, caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits
, abbreviation = SJ
, nickname = Jesuits
, formation =
, founders ...
order, which would become a source for
Baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including ...
church facades in the 17th century;
*
Basilica of Santa Maria degli Angeli,
Assisi
Assisi (, also , ; from la, Asisium) is a town and '' comune'' of Italy in the Province of Perugia in the Umbria region, on the western flank of Monte Subasio.
It is generally regarded as the birthplace of the Latin poet Propertius, born arou ...
(with
Galeazzo Alessi);
*
Church of Sant'Andrea in Via Flaminia, Rome, the first church to have an
oval dome, which became a signature of the
Baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including ...
.
*
Palazzo dei Banchi, Bologna
*
Palazzo Farnese, Piacenza. This was a grandiose project of a vast palace on a scale paralleled only by the
Vatican Palace
The Apostolic Palace ( la, Palatium Apostolicum; it, Palazzo Apostolico) is the official residence of the pope, the head of the Catholic Church, located in Vatican City. It is also known as the Papal Palace, the Palace of the Vatican and the V ...
in Italy; the rectangular plan is circa 111 metres by 88 metres. The actual construction, however, made up only less than a half of Vignola's original project and lacked many of the planned architectural features; missing elements include part of the exterior surrounding walls, the main façade, modelled on the ancient triumphal arch and with a large tower, and a theater in the large inner courtyard.
*
St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, assumed the role of chief architect after the death of
Michelangelo Buonarroti
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known as Michelangelo (), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was in ...
.
*
Palazzo Contrari Boncompagni,
Vignola
Vignola (Emilian language#Dialects, Modenese: ; Bolognese dialect, Bolognese: ) is a city and ''comune'' in the province of Modena (Emilia-Romagna), Italy.
Its economy is based on agriculture, especially fruit farming, but there are also mechani ...
.
*
Church of Santa Maria dell'Orto (
1576
Year 1576 ( MDLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 20 – Viceroy Martín Enríquez de Almanza founds the settlement of León ...
-
78),
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
; only the facade is by Vignola.
*
Orti Farnesiani to
Palatine
A palatine or palatinus (in Latin; plural ''palatini''; cf. derivative spellings below) is a high-level official attached to imperial or royal courts in Europe since Roman times. ,
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
.
* Project of the
Church of Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri in
Vatican City
Vatican City (), officially the Vatican City State ( it, Stato della Città del Vaticano; la, Status Civitatis Vaticanae),—'
* german: Vatikanstadt, cf. '—' (in Austria: ')
* pl, Miasto Watykańskie, cf. '—'
* pt, Cidade do Vati ...
(
1570
__NOTOC__
Year 1570 ( MDLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
* January 8 – Ivan the Terrible begins the Massacre of Novgorod.
* Janua ...
ca), with plan and oval dome inserted in a rectangle, made by Giacinto Barozzi. The scheme will be taken up by many architects
baroque.
Other architectural works
*
Bomarzo
Bomarzo is a town and '' comune'' of the province of Viterbo ( Lazio, Central Italy), in the lower valley of the Tiber. It is located east-northeast of Viterbo and north-northwest of Rome.
History
The city's current name is a derivation o ...
: Temple in the
Park of the Monsters
The Sacro Bosco ("Sacred Grove"), colloquially called Park of the Monsters (Parco dei Mostri in Italian), also named Garden of Bomarzo, is a Mannerist monumental complex located in Bomarzo, in the province of Viterbo, in northern Lazio, Italy.
...
.
*
Caprarola Caprarola is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Viterbo, in the Lazio region of central Italy. The village is situated in a range of volcanic hills known as the Cimini Mounts.
The town is home to the large Renaissance mansion or villa which ...
:
** Church of San Marco.
** Hospital of San Giovanni.
*
Capranica: Church of the Madonna del Piano.
*
Collevecchio
Collevecchio (local Collevecchiano dialect: ) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the province of Rieti in the Italian region Latium.
Territory
Collevecchio borders the following Comuni: Civita Castellana, Magliano Sabina, Montebuono, Ponzan ...
: Palazzo Pistolini.
*
Fara Sabina
Fara in Sabina, also spelled Fara Sabina, is a '' comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Rieti in the Italian region Lazio, located about northeast of Rome and about southwest of Rieti.
History
The area was inhabited in prehistoric times, a ...
: Tabernacle of Sant'Antonio Martire.
*
Farfa: Works at
Abbey consisting of a fountain and a mill.
*
Grotte di Castro
Grotte di Castro is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region Latium, located about northwest of Rome and about northwest of Viterbo
Viterbo (; Viterbese: ; lat-med, Viterbium) is a city and ''comune'' in ...
: Town hall (project of 1568), later altered.
*
Gallese
Gallese is an Italian '' comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo, from Viterbo.
It was taken by Duke Thrasimund II of Spoleto in 737 or 738, at which time it was essential to communications between Rome and Ravenna and had a large ...
: Palazzo Ducale
*
Isola Bisentina: Church of Saints Giacomo and Cristoforo (1562), built by the pupil
Antonio Garzoni from Viggiù.
*
Isola Farnese Isola may refer to :
Places and jurisdictions
France
* Isola, Alpes-Maritimes, a municipality in the region Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
* Isola 2000, a village and ski resort of the municipality of Isola, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
* Iso ...
: Castle.
*
Latera: Palazzo Farnese (1550).
*
Monte Porzio Catone:
Villa mondragone
*
Nepi:
** Aqueduct of Nepi.
** Works at the Monastery of San Domenico; difficult to identify interventions, including hydraulic works.
*
Oriolo Romano:
**
Piazza Umberto I and the Fountain of the Spades
**
Palazzo Altieri
Palazzo Altieri is a palace in Rome, which was the home of the Altieri family in the city. The palace faces the square in front of the Church of the Gesù.
The Altieri
The Altieri were one of the prominent families in Rome claiming descendancy ...
.
*
Poli: Villa Catena, the parts attributable to Vignola are not certain.
*
Rieti
Rieti (; lat, Reate, Sabino: ) is a town and ''comune'' in Lazio, central Italy, with a population of 47,700. It is the administrative seat of the province of Rieti and see of the diocese of Rieti, as well as the modern capital of the Sabin ...
:
** Palazzo del Seminario, obtained from the transformation of pre-existing buildings.
** Church of Sant'Antonio Abate.
*
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
:
**
Church of Santa Caterina dei Funari, Ricci or Ruiz Chapel.
**
Church of Santa Maria Scala Coeli with
Giacomo della Porta
Giacomo della Porta (1532–1602) was an Italian architect and sculptor, who worked on many important buildings in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica. He was born at Porlezza, Lombardy and died in Rome.
Biography
Giacomo Della Porta was ...
**
Church of Santa Maria in Transpontina.
** Works in San Lorenzo in Damaso and portal of the Chancellery.
**
Palazzo Borghese.
**
Palazzo Farnese (Rome).
** Palazzo Firenze (courtyard).
** Palazzo del Vignola to
Piazza Navona.
** Palazzetto Spada.
**The main courtyard of the
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, ''Angelicum'', formerly the convent of the
Church of Santi Domenico e Sisto.
**
Porta del Popolo
The Porta del Popolo, or Porta Flaminia, is a city gate of the Aurelian Walls of Rome that marks the border between Piazza del Popolo and Piazzale Flaminio.
History
The previous name was ''Porta Flaminia'', because the consular Via Flamini ...
.
*
Soriano nel Cimino
Soriano nel Cimino is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Viterbo, Lazio, central Italy.
The town is overlooked by Monte Cimino, the highest peak in the Monti Cimini.
Main sights
*The Orsini Castle, built by Orso Orsini in the 13th cent ...
: Palazzo Albani.
*
Sant'Oreste sul Soratte:
** Church of San Lorenzo; the construction was not followed by Vignola and only partially reflects the original project.
** Palazzo Caccia Canali.
*
Vallerano
Vallerano is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region Latium, located about northwest of Rome and about southeast of Viterbo.
Vallerano borders the following municipalities: Canepina, Caprarola, Carbognano, ...
: Church of the Madonna del Ruscello
*
Vejano: Funerary shrine of Santacroce family; chapel located in the center of the medieval village, of uncertain attribution.
*
Velletri
Velletri (; la, Velitrae; xvo, Velester) is an Italian ''comune'' in the Metropolitan City of Rome, approximately 40 km to the southeast of the city centre, located in the Alban Hills, in the region of Lazio, central Italy. Neighbouring comm ...
:
City Hall; with
Giacomo della Porta
Giacomo della Porta (1532–1602) was an Italian architect and sculptor, who worked on many important buildings in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica. He was born at Porlezza, Lombardy and died in Rome.
Biography
Giacomo Della Porta was ...
.
*
Vetralla
Vetralla is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Viterbo, in central Italy, south of that city, located on a shoulder of Monte Fogliano.
History
Vetralla's dominating fortified position in the heart of Etruscan territories has been cont ...
:
** Porta Romana; of uncertain attribution.
** Franciosoni Palace; of ancient attribution and Vignolesque school.
*
Vignanello
Vignanello is a '' comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Viterbo in the Italian region Latium, located about northwest of Rome and about southeast of Viterbo.
Vignanello borders the following municipalities: Corchiano, Fabrica di Roma, ...
:
Castello Ruspoli
Castello Ruspoli is a 16th-century castle in the town of Vignanello, Lazio, Italy. It continues to be the property of the Ruspoli family, an old and noble Italian family. It is well known for its Renaissance-era ''Giardino all'italiana''.
History ...
; of uncertain attribution.
*
Viterbo
Viterbo (; Viterbese: ; lat-med, Viterbium) is a city and ''comune'' in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo.
It conquered and absorbed the neighboring town of Ferento (see Ferentium) in its early history ...
:
** Porta Faulle
** Fountain of Piazza della Rocca; commissioned by the Farnese.
* Palazzo Bocchi (1545),
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different na ...
.
* Palazzo Boncompagni,
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different na ...
.
* Staircase in the Palazzo Isolani,
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different na ...
.
* Palazzo Bufalini (1562),
Città di Castello
Città di Castello (); "Castle Town") is a city and '' comune'' in the province of Perugia, in the northern part of Umbria. It is situated on a slope of the Apennines, on the flood plain along the upper part of the river Tiber. The city is north o ...
.
* Palazzo Nobili-Tarugi,
Montepulciano.
* La Castellina (1554),
Norcia
Norcia (), traditionally known in English by its Latin name of Nursia (), is a town and comune in the province of Perugia ( Italy) in southeastern Umbria. Unlike many ancient towns, it is located in a wide plain abutting the Monti Sibillini, a ...
.
*
Palazzo del Giardino
The Palazzo del Giardino (''Garden Palace'') or Palazzo Ducale del Giardino (''Ducal Garden Palace'') is a historic palace in the Parco Ducale in Parma. It is not to be confused with the official Parma residence of Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma ...
,
Parma
Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second m ...
.
* Rocca di San Giorgio,
San Giorgio Piacentino
San Giorgio Piacentino ( egl, label= Piacentino, San Zorz, or ) is a '' comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Piacenza in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about northwest of Bologna and about south of Piacenza.
San Giorgio Pi ...
.
*
Temple of Santa Maria della Consolazione,
Todi
Todi () is a town and ''comune'' (municipality) of the province of Perugia (region of Umbria) in central Italy. It is perched on a tall two-crested hill overlooking the east bank of the river Tiber, commanding distant views in every direction.
I ...
.
Unbuilt works
Like many other architects, Vignola submitted his plans for completing the facade of
San Petronio, Bologna
The Basilica of San Petronio is a minor basilica and church of the Archdiocese of Bologna located in Bologna, Emilia Romagna, northern Italy. It dominates Piazza Maggiore. The basilica is dedicated to the patron saint of the city, Saint Petroniu ...
. Designs by Vignola, in company with
Baldassare Peruzzi
Baldassare Tommaso Peruzzi (7 March 1481 – 6 January 1536) was an Italian architect and painter, born in a small town near Siena (in Ancaiano, ''frazione'' of Sovicille) and died in Rome. He worked for many years with Bramante, Raphael, and lat ...
,
Giulio Romano
Giulio Romano (, ; – 1 November 1546), is the acquired name of Giulio Pippi, who was an Italian painter and architect. He was a pupil of Raphael, and his stylistic deviations from High Renaissance classicism help define the sixteenth-cent ...
,
Andrea Palladio
Andrea Palladio ( ; ; 30 November 1508 – 19 August 1580) was an Italian Renaissance architect active in the Venetian Republic. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily Vitruvius, is widely considered to be one of ...
and others furnished material for an exhibition in 2001
Written works
His two published books helped formulate the
canon
Canon or Canons may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
* Canon (fiction), the conceptual material accepted as official in a fictional universe by its fan base
* Literary canon, an accepted body of works considered as high culture
** Western ca ...
of classical architectural style. The earliest, ''
Regola delli cinque ordini d'architettura''
Canon of the five orders of architecture"(first published in 1562, probably in Rome), presented Vignola's practical system for constructing columns in the five classical orders (Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite) utilising proportions which Vignola derived from his own measurements of classical Roman monuments. The clarity and ease of use of Vignola's treatise caused it to become in succeeding centuries the most published book in architectural history.
[Vignola, ''Canon of the Five Orders of Architecture'', translated with an introduction by Branko Mitrovic (New York: Acanthus Press, 1999), p. 17. .] Vignola's second treatise, ''Due regole della prospettiva pratica''
Two rules of practical perspective" published posthumously with extensive commentary by the mathematician
Ignazio Danti (Bologna 1583), favours one-point perspective rather than two-point methods such as the bifocal construction. Vignola presented— without theoretical obscurities— practical applications which could be understood by a prospective patron.
Notes
References
;Attribution
*
Sources
*
* (Remains a standard monograph.)
*
*
*
External links
Website "Architectura", Centre d'études supérieures de la Renaissance, ToursBrief biographical sketch
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vignola, Giacomo
Italian Baroque architects
Mannerist architects
1507 births
1573 deaths
Italian architecture writers
Italian male non-fiction writers
Mannerist architecture in Italy
People from Vignola
16th-century Italian architects