Georgi Kitov (

Bulgarian Bulgarian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria * Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group * Bulgarian language, a Slavic language * Bulgarian alphabet * A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria * Bul ...

: Георги Китов) (March 1, 1943 – September 14, 2008) was a Bulgarian

archaeologist Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscap ...

and

thracologist Thracology ( bg, Тракология, Trakologiya; ro, Tracologie) is the scientific study of Ancient Thrace and Thracian antiquities and is a regional and thematic branch of the larger disciplines of ancient history and archaeology. A practition ...

. He specialized in Thracian archaeology. He participated in the excavations of many sites including the Alexandrovo Tomb, Kosmatka, Svetitzata and Starosel Cult Complex. Kitov died from a heart attack on September 14, 2008 during excavations in Starosel, Bulgaria.

Finding the Thracian tomb

On August 19, 2004 Kitov discovered a

gold Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from la, aurum) and atomic number 79. This makes it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile met ...

mask in a 5th-century BC burial mound outside the town of

Shipka Shipka may refer to: * Shipka Monument, in Bulgaria * Shipka (town), in Bulgaria * Shipka Pass, in Bulgaria * Shipka (stadium), in Asenovgrad, Bulgaria * Shipka Saddle, in the Tangra Mountains, Livingston Island, Antarctica * Shipka Valley, in the T ...

in a place he later named Golyamata Kosmatka. On September 21 he began an excavation of the mound with 12 others, including private security guards, and soon unearthed a large

bronze Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids such ...

head. Three days later he found the entrance of a

tomb A tomb ( grc-gre, τύμβος ''tumbos'') is a :wikt:repository, repository for the remains of the dead. It is generally any structurally enclosed interment space or burial chamber, of varying sizes. Placing a corpse into a tomb can be ...

. Instead of the more usual archaeological methods, Kitov used three large earthmoving machines. He claimed that he had to work quickly to deter looters. On October 4 Kitov and his team found a large

marble Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or Dolomite (mineral), dolomite. Marble is typically not Foliation (geology), foliated (layered), although there are exceptions. In geology, the ...

door. Later that night they entered a chamber with a

sarcophagus A sarcophagus (plural sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried. The word ''sarcophagus'' comes from the Greek ...

and a large amount of golden objects. According to Kitov's later account, he informed the

police The police are a constituted body of persons empowered by a state, with the aim to enforce the law, to ensure the safety, health and possessions of citizens, and to prevent crime and civil disorder. Their lawful powers include arrest and t ...

Kazanluk Kazanlak ( bg, Казанлък , Thracian and Greek Σευθόπολις (''Seuthopolis''), tr, Kazanlık) is a Bulgarian town in Stara Zagora Province, located in the middle of the plain of the same name, at the foot of the Balkan mountain ...

to ask for help of couple of police officers to help the take the treasure to his headquarters in a local hotel. Police sent 50 men and a local prosecutor—according to their later report, they were suspicious because the team intended to move the artifacts in the middle of the night. Police officers proceeded to frisk everyone when they came from the tomb in case they were trying to smuggle out valuables. When the police demanded that the treasure be taken to the local police station, Kitov refused. Both groups spent the whole night outside the mound until the police escorted the team and the artifacts to their hotel the next morning. Apparent police overkill caused lots of public amusement.

Professional criticism

He rarely bothered to document or analyze the artifacts he fоund. He began to publish his findings only after several other archaeologists criticisedGeorgi Kitov, Who Excavated Thrace, Dies at 65
The New York Times,Criticisms of Mr. Kitov’s methods went beyond his heavy-machinery and high-speed digging techniques, a far cry from the careful brush-and-trowel approach of most archaeologists. An article in the journal Archaeology in 2005 questioned the quality of his scholarship, his business ethics, his self-promotion and his associations with people suspected of looting and selling antiquities. him in public. He excavated the digs in a hurried manner, using heavy machinery. The quality of his scholarship, his business ethics, his self-promotion and his associations with people suspected of looting and selling antiquities were issues on which he was criticized. In February 2001, the National Archaeological Institute and Museum censured him for excavating sites without permission and took away his authorization to lead expeditions for a year.TimesOnline
"His defences did not entirely convince his critics and in 2001 the National Archaeological Institute and Museum in Sofia withdrew for one year his licence to dig. It also expelled Kitov from his post as head of the Institute’s Thracian section; added to his professional misdemeanours was that he had called the chairperson of the committee which had investigated him “a moron”. "
The New York Times,"The journal reported that in 2001 a 13-member field studies committee at the National Archaeological Institute and Museum in Sofia unanimously denied him permission to lead expeditions for a year. Later that year, the committee expelled Mr. Kitov as head of the institute’s Thracian section, partly for acting like a “spoiled child” and calling the chairwoman “a moron,” the panel said, according to the journal." Later the same year, they expelled Kitov from his post as a Thracian section.

Author

Kitov was the author or co-author of about 17 books of which the following are available in English: *''The Valley of the Thracian Rulers'' by Georgi Kitov, 2005 *''Thracian Treasures from Bulgaria'' by Maria Reho, Pavlina Ilieva, Georgi Kitov, Daniela Agre, 2006 *''The Valley of the Thracian Kings'' by Georgi Kitov, I︠U︡lii︠a︡na Tomova, 2006 *''Thracian Cult Center near Starossel'' by Georgi Kitov *''The Panagyurishte Treasure'' by Georgi Kitov

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kitov, Georgi 1943 births 2008 deaths Bulgarian archaeologists People from Dupnitsa Thracologists 20th-century archaeologists