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George Henry Sharpe (February 26, 1828 – January 13, 1900) was an American lawyer, soldier,
Secret Service A secret service is a government agency, intelligence agency, or the activities of a government agency, concerned with the gathering of intelligence data. The tasks and powers of a secret service can vary greatly from one country to another. Fo ...
officer, diplomat, politician, and Member of the
Board of General Appraisers The United States Court of International Trade (case citations: Int'l Trade or Intl. Trade) is a U.S. federal court that adjudicates civil actions arising out of U.S. customs and international trade laws. Seated in New York City, it exercises ...
. Sharpe was born in 1828, in
Kingston, New York Kingston is a city in and the county seat of Ulster County, New York, United States. It is north of New York City and south of Albany. The city's metropolitan area is grouped with the New York metropolitan area around Manhattan by the Unite ...
, into a prominent Ulster County family. He earned his bachelor's degree at
Rutgers University Rutgers University (; RU), officially Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is a public land-grant research university consisting of four campuses in New Jersey. Chartered in 1766, Rutgers was originally called Queen's College, and was ...
and studied law at
Yale University Yale University is a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1701 as the Collegiate School, it is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and among the most prestigious in the w ...
. He practiced law in
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
from 1847 to 1851. He served as Secretary of the United States Legation in
Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...
,
Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central- Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...
from 1851 to 1852 and then resumed his law practice in New York from 1854 to 1861. At the outbreak of the Civil War, Sharpe served as a captain in a New York regiment for three months and then returned to civilian life. In 1862, at the request of the
Governor of New York The governor of New York is the head of government of the U.S. state of New York. The governor is the head of the executive branch of New York's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor h ...
, he raised a new regiment and went back into service as a colonel with the
Army of the Potomac The Army of the Potomac was the principal Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was created in July 1861 shortly after the First Battle of Bull Run and was disbanded in June 1865 following the surrender of the Confede ...
. In 1863, Maj. Gen.
Joseph Hooker Joseph Hooker (November 13, 1814 – October 31, 1879) was an American Civil War general for the Union, chiefly remembered for his decisive defeat by Confederate General Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863. Hooker had serv ...
selected Sharpe to command the
Bureau of Military Information The Bureau of Military Information (BMI) was the first formal and organized American intelligence agency, active during the American Civil War. Predecessors Allan Pinkerton was contracted by Federal and a number of state and local governments to ...
(BMI), the Army of the Potomac's intelligence operation. He served in that role until the end of the war. By the war's end, Sharpe was promoted to brevet major general. After the war, Sharpe mixed his law practice and the pursuit of his interests in New York state Republican Party politics with several stints in Federal government service. He went to Europe to investigate the Lincoln assassination conspiracy for the
State Department The United States Department of State (DOS), or State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations. Equivalent to the ministry of foreign affairs of other na ...
. He served as a U.S. Marshal in New York City and as Surveyor of the Port of New York. In 1878, he was elected to the
New York State Assembly The New York State Assembly is the lower house of the New York State Legislature, with the New York State Senate being the upper house. There are 150 seats in the Assembly. Assembly members serve two-year terms without term limits. The Ass ...
and served for four years, for two of which he was selected as
Speaker Speaker may refer to: Society and politics * Speaker (politics), the presiding officer in a legislative assembly * Public speaker, one who gives a speech or lecture * A person producing speech: the producer of a given utterance, especially: ** In ...
. In 1884 he was appointed head of the U.S. Commission to Central and South America and then he ended his career with an appointment to the U.S. Board of General Appraisers in 1890.


Education and early career

Born February 26, 1828, in Kingston, New York, Sharpe earned his bachelor's degree at Rutgers University in 1847 and then studied law at Yale University. He entered private practice in New York City, New York from 1848 to 1851, with the firm of Bidwell & Strong (now known as
Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP (known as Cadwalader) is a white-shoe law firm, and is New York City's oldest law firm and one of the oldest continuously operating legal practices in the United States. Attorney John Wells founded the practice i ...
). He was Secretary of the United States Legation in Vienna, Austrian Empire for the U.S. State Department from 1851 to 1852. He resumed private practice in Kingston from 1854 to 1861.


Civil War military career

Sharpe had joined the 20th New York State Militia Regiment, based in Kingston, after returning to the United States from his service abroad. By 1861, he had been commissioned to the rank of captain and had been elected to the command of Company B. After the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in April, the regiment served on guard duty at Annapolis and Baltimore until July. His company was dissolved back in New York for lack of troops at the end of August and Sharpe returned to civilian life. Sharpe took up his practice of law again and pursued his interest in local Republican politics. But in July 1862, when President Lincoln issued a call for volunteers, the governor asked Sharpe to help raise a new regiment. He did so and was appointed
colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge ...
of volunteers of the 120th New York Infantry. Sharpe and the regiment served in the defenses of Washington and from October onward with the Army of the Potomac. They participated in the Battle of Fredericksburg and the infamous Mud March in December but did not see heavy action. In January 1863, Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker was appointed to command the Army of the Potomac and he sought to rebuild the army’s intelligence operation. In February, he selected Sharpe to command what became the Bureau of Military Information (BMI) and ultimately appointed him deputy provost marshal general of the Army of the Potomac, under Provost Marshal Brig. Gen.
Marsena R. Patrick Marsena Rudolph Patrick (March 15, 1811 – July 27, 1888) was a college president and an officer in the United States Army, serving as a general in the Union volunteer forces during the American Civil War. He was the provost marshal for the Army ...
. Sharpe then built up the BMI staff of analysts, scouts and guides, and civilian support. By the time of the Army of the Potomac’s next major operation at Chancellorsville, in late April, Sharpe had obtained the service of three additional analysts and 24 scouts and guides. The BMI was the U.S. military’s first “all source” intelligence organization. As the bureau’s commander, Sharpe deployed scouts and enlisted civilian agents to report on activities behind enemy lines. He and his assistant analysts interrogated prisoners, deserters, and refugees, and analyzed documents (mostly letters and newspapers). Sharpe also obtained reports from cavalry reconnaissance, Balloon Corps observation, and Signal Corps observation and flag signal intercepts for his analysis. He and his assistants wrote the BMI’s reports. Sharpe served as the head of the BMI for the remainder of the war. His service and the BMI's work was essential to the Union success in the Eastern Theater because of their ability to determine the whereabouts and activities of
Robert E. Lee Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, towards the end of which he was appointed the overall commander of the Confederate States Army. He led the Army of Nor ...
's
Army of Northern Virginia The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. It was also the primary command structure of the Department of Northern Virginia. It was most oft ...
, even when the two armies were out of contact and other Union arms like the cavalry were not operating effectively. On July 4, 1864, to better support all of the Union forces operating in the Richmond-Petersburg area,
Lt. Gen. Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...
Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant ; April 27, 1822July 23, 1885) was an American military officer and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. As Commanding General, he led the Union A ...
redesignated the provost marshal of the Army of the Potomac as the provost marshal of the Armies Operating Against Richmond, transferring Sharpe and the BMI to his headquarters. On February 7, 1865, Sharpe was promoted brevet brigadier general of volunteers (backdated to December 20, 1864). In April 1865, after Lee’s surrender at
Appomattox Court House Appomattox Court House could refer to: * The village of Appomattox Court House, now the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, in central Virginia (U.S.), where Confederate army commander Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union commander Ulyss ...
, as deputy provost marshal general, Sharpe paroled 28,000 Confederate Army soldiers, among them General Lee. At that point, the BMI’s mission ended and it went out of existence. In June, Grant promoted Sharpe to brevet major general of volunteers (effective March 13, 1865) and Sharpe returned to Kingston with his regiment and soon mustered out with them.


Postbellum career


Federal service and New York Republican Party politics

After the war, Sharpe returned to his career in the law in New York and the pursuit of his interests in politics. In 1867, however, based on his knowledge of Sharpe's service as an intelligence officer, Secretary of State William H. Seward, asked Sharpe to become a special agent of the U.S. State Department and go to Europe to locate and investigate Americans who might have been involved in the assassination of President
Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the nation throu ...
. Seward was particularly interested in finding John Surratt, whose mother
Mary Surratt Mary Elizabeth Jenkins SurrattCashin, p. 287.Steers, 2010, p. 516. (1820 or May 1823 – July 7, 1865) was an American boarding house owner in Washington, D.C., who was convicted of taking part in the conspiracy which led to the assassi ...
had been hanged as one of the assassination conspirators, as well as former Confederate Secretary of State
Judah P. Benjamin Judah Philip Benjamin, QC (August 6, 1811 – May 6, 1884) was a United States senator from Louisiana, a Cabinet officer of the Confederate States and, after his escape to the United Kingdom at the end of the American Civil War, an English ba ...
. Sharpe found no evidence of either's participation in the conspiracy. Surratt was brought back to the United States and put on trial in a civilian court. The trial ended with a
hung jury A hung jury, also called a deadlocked jury, is a judicial jury that cannot agree upon a verdict after extended deliberation and is unable to reach the required unanimity or supermajority. Hung jury usually results in the case being tried again. T ...
and Surratt was freed and not tried again. In 1868, with his growing involvement in New York Republican politics and his relationship with Ulysses Grant from the war, Sharpe became a delegate to the
1868 Republican national convention The 1868 Republican National Convention of the Republican Party of the United States was held in Crosby's Opera House, Chicago, Cook County, Illinois, on May 20 to May 21, 1868. Ulysses S. Grant won the election and became the 18th president of ...
and campaigned for Grant's nomination for the presidency and then for his election in November. In September 1869, Sharpe was appointed to the Central Committee of the Republican Party of New York and in 1873 he was appointed to the party executive committee. In 1870, President Grant appointed Sharpe United States Marshal for the
Southern District of New York The United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (in case citations, S.D.N.Y.) is a federal trial court whose geographic jurisdiction encompasses eight counties of New York State. Two of these are in New York City: New ...
as part of Grant's plan to break the Tweed Ring’s hold on the government of New York City. Sharpe oversaw the census that demonstrated that the Democratic victories in the 1868 elections had been due to fraud—a form of ballot box stuffing. He and his marshals also oversaw voter registration and the conduct of elections until Sharpe left the post in 1873. In 1873, Grant appointed Sharpe Surveyor of the Port of New York, under Collector of Customs Chester A. Arthur. At the time, the New York Custom House was the single largest source of revenue for the federal government. It was the practice of the day for the party in power to appoint the officers and employees of the Custom House and for them in turn to make contributions to the party. Sharpe conducted his duties accordingly, although he and Arthur did not dismiss any employees for failure to contribute and Sharpe ran the Surveyor's Office efficiently. By 1877, however, attitudes toward the civil service and political patronage had shifted and President
Rutherford Hayes Rutherford may refer to: Places Australia * Rutherford, New South Wales, a suburb of Maitland * Rutherford (Parish), New South Wales, a civil parish of Yungnulgra County Canada * Mount Rutherford, Jasper National Park * Rutherford, Edmont ...
asked Arthur and his principal subordinates, Surveyor Sharpe and Naval Officer Alonzo B. Cornell to resign. They refused and Hayes removed them from office the next year.


Service in the New York State Assembly

After returning from Washington, Sharpe immersed himself in state politics. He won election to the New York State Assembly (Ulster Co., 1st D.) in November 1878. He was given chairmanship of the insurance committee of the Assembly. A year later he was reelected to the Assembly and won the Speakership. His performance as Speaker was praised for its fairness by the press and even by his opponents. In the fall of 1880, Sharpe again served as a delegate at the
Republican national convention The Republican National Convention (RNC) is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1856 by the United States Republican Party. They are administered by the Republican National Committee. The goal of the Repu ...
. The New York delegation was led by Senator
Roscoe Conkling Roscoe Conkling (October 30, 1829April 18, 1888) was an American lawyer and Republican politician who represented New York in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. He is remembered today as the leader of the ...
, who was a leader of the
Stalwarts The Stalwarts were a faction of the Republican Party that existed briefly in the United States during and after Reconstruction and the Gilded Age during the 1870s and 1880s. Led by U.S. Senator Roscoe Conkling—also known as "Lord Roscoe"— ...
faction of the party, which supported nominating President Grant for a third term and opposed the civil service reforms advocated by Republicans like President Hayes. Sharpe was the convention floor leader supporting Grant’s nomination. Nevertheless, the Stalwarts could not muster sufficient votes to nominate Grant. The party nominated James A. Garfield for president and, after Sharpe’s initial suggestion, to promote party unity and balance the ticket geographically (albeit over Conkling’s objections), nominated Stalwart Chester Arthur for vice president. After the convention, Sharpe campaigned hard for the Garfield ticket and they prevailed in November. Sharpe was also reelected to the Assembly. He was reappointed as Speaker in January 1881 but only after a surprising challenge from a Garfield-supported candidate. A conflict between Conkling and Garfield over New York Customs House patronage led to Conkling's resignation from the Senate. Conkling tried to force the Republicans in the Assembly to re-elect him to affirm his status as leader of the party but they declined. Sharpe, who had long been a loyal Conkling supporter, opposed his move on the grounds that it was an affront to the American system of government and that it would likely weaken support for the Republican Party. Conkling's supporters saw Sharpe's opposition as a betrayal and that would damage him for the rest of his political career. Nevertheless, Sharpe retained the support of his constituents and he was nominated and re-elected to the Assembly in November. He lost the party's nomination for Speaker to
Thomas G. Alvord Thomas Gold Alvord (December 20, 1810 – October 26, 1897) was an American lawyer, merchant and politician. Throughout his political career he was known as Old Salt. Life He was born on December 20, 1810, in Onondaga, New York, to Elisha Alv ...
in January 1882 (the Speakership was won by the Democrats, who held the majority in the Assembly) and he continued to be vilified by Conkling supporters. Sharpe's fortunes rose again in Washington, however, with Chester Arthur in the White House after Garfield's assassination the year before. Sharpe and Arthur had served together in New York Republican politics since the war. They had become friends and Sharpe served as one of Arthur's informal advisers, visiting him frequently in Washington. At the Republican state convention in September, party leaders were fiercely divided over a challenge to Governor Alonzo B. Cornell and the Stalwarts' ultimate nomination of
Charles J. Folger Charles James Folger (April 16, 1818 – September 4, 1884) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he was a State Senator in New York from 1862 to 1869 and served as the 34th U.S. Secretary of the Treasury from ...
to replace him was obtained partly by fraud. That intensified a strong public sentiment against machine candidates. Sharpe was not renominated for his seat in the Assembly and Folger and the Republicans suffered at the polls.


State party politics and Federal service again

After their losses in 1882, the Republican Party reformed its candidate selection process, reducing the control of the Stalwart machine and allowing some greater participation by party members. Sharpe remained Chairman of the Executive Committee. He represented Ulster County at the State Republican Convention in September 1883 (but was not nominated for the Assembly). In April 1884, Sharpe's rival in Ulster County, Congressman Thomas Cornell, blocked his nomination to the state party convention, as Stalwart candidates fared badly across the state. Sharpe was not able to obtain a nomination to either the state or national party conventions. He did attend the
national convention The National Convention (french: link=no, Convention nationale) was the parliament of the Kingdom of France for one day and the French First Republic for the rest of its existence during the French Revolution, following the two-year Nation ...
and supported President Arthur for a second term but the nomination went to
James G. Blaine James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830January 27, 1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representati ...
. In July 1884, President Arthur appointed Sharpe head of the U.S. Commission to Central and South America, with the rank of
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary An envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary, usually known as a minister, was a diplomatic head of mission who was ranked below ambassador. A diplomatic mission headed by an envoy was known as a legation rather than an embassy. Under the ...
. The commission was to promote the commercial relations between the United States and Central/South American countries. Sharpe performed his duties with enthusiasm but resigned after the election of President
Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. Cleveland is the only president in American ...
. He advocated unsuccessfully for the nomination of outgoing President Arthur for Senator from New York. In 1885, Arthur sought to appoint Sharpe as the Judge Advocate General of the Army just before the end of his term but was opposed by the Army and Republican senators who believed that an appointment made by Arthur would not be confirmed. Later in the year, Sharpe served on the first local board of the New Paltz Normal school. Remaining active in state politics, he was elected to the Republican state convention in September, chairing the Committee on Contested Seats.Tsouras, p. 429. He supported the campaign of
William M. Evarts William Maxwell Evarts (February 6, 1818February 28, 1901) was an American lawyer and statesman from New York who served as U.S. Secretary of State, U.S. Attorney General and U.S. Senator from New York. He was renowned for his skills as a litig ...
against
Levi P. Morton Levi Parsons Morton (May 16, 1824 – May 16, 1920) was the 22nd vice president of the United States from 1889 to 1893. He also served as United States ambassador to France, as a U.S. representative from New York, and as the 31st Governor of New ...
for the U.S. Senate. The next year he led the Ulster County delegation to the state convention in September. But in 1887, he was not able to attain election to the convention at all. It had been alleged that Sharpe had not supported the Blaine ticket in 1884, which Sharpe denied, and he faced continuing opposition within the party from Thomas Cornell and former supporters of Roscoe Conkling. The defeat essentially ended Sharpe's career in electoral politics, although he remained active with the party for some time. In November 1889, Sharpe and other Republicans allied unsuccessfully with Democrats in Ulster County in an attempt to defeat the Republican ticket there. In January 1889, Sharpe was appointed president of the National Bank of Rondout and he gave up his law practice to focus on those duties.


Connection with Civil War veterans

While focusing on his political career, former Maj. Gen. Sharpe also remained in touch with the Union Army veterans he served with during the war. He held executive positions in several veterans organizations: Corresponding Secretary for the Army of the Potomac Society, member of the Executive Committee of the One Hundred and Twentieth Regimental Union, director in the Third Army Corps union, Vice President of the 120th New York in the Second Brigade New Jersey Volunteers, and commander of the New York Commandery of the
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States The Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS), or simply the Loyal Legion is a United States patriotic order, organized April 15, 1865, by three veteran officers of the Army. The original membership was composed of members ...
. He attended the reunion at the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg in 1888 and the dedication of the monument to the 120th NY at Gettysburg in 1889. In 1896, Sharpe commissioned and paid for a monument to the 120th NY built in the churchyard of the Old First Reformed Dutch Church in Kingston.


Federal judicial service

Sharpe was nominated by President
Benjamin Harrison Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833March 13, 1901) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 23rd president of the United States from 1889 to 1893. He was a member of the Harrison family of Virginia–a grandson of the ninth pr ...
on July 2, 1890, to the Board of General Appraisers, to a new seat created by Congress (26 Stat. 131, 136 (An act to simplify the laws in relation to the collection of the revenues)). He was confirmed by the
United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and po ...
on July 16, 1890, and received his commission on November 16, 1890. The duty of the Board was to review decisions of United States Customs officials concerning the amount of duties to be paid on importations. Sharpe's cases involved matters from carpet wools and Cuban tobacco leaf to oils, paints, and chemicals and the plumes in women's hats. His service terminated on March 1, 1899, due to his resignation. He was succeeded by
William Barberie Howell William Barberie Howell (July 5, 1865 – April 4, 1927) was an Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the United States Customs Court and previously was a member and President of the Board of General Appraisers. Education and career Born on Jul ...
.


Death

Sharpe died after an illness on January 13, 1900, in New York City.


Personal

Sharpe's parents were Henry Sharpe (1782–1830) and Helen Hasbrouck Sharpe (1797–1886). His grandfather was Congressman Abraham J. Hasbrouck and his great-grandfather was Joseph Hasbrouck, a lieutenant colonel in the
American Revolutionary War The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of t ...
. He is also a descendant of Louis DuBois,
Huguenot The Huguenots ( , also , ) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed, or Calvinist, tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived from the name of a Swiss political leader, the Genevan burgomaster Be ...
colonist of
New Netherland New Netherland ( nl, Nieuw Nederland; la, Novum Belgium or ) was a 17th-century colonial province of the Dutch Republic that was located on the east coast of what is now the United States. The claimed territories extended from the Delmarva ...
and co-founder of
New Paltz, New York New Paltz () is an incorporated U.S. town in Ulster County, New York. The population was 14,003 at the 2010 U.S. Census. The town is located in the southeastern part of the county and is south of Kingston. New Paltz contains a village, also wi ...
. Sharpe was married to Caroline Hone Hasbrouck, daughter of Congressman Abraham Bruyn Hasbrouck (and his second cousin once removed). Their children were Severyn Bruyn Sharpe, a county judge, Henry Granville Sharpe, a United States Army officer, and Katherine Lawrence Sharpe, who married Congressman Ira Davenport. His granddaughter, Katharine Davenport Sharpe (Severyn's daughter) married Albro Newton Dana, a grandson of geologist
James Dwight Dana James Dwight Dana FRS FRSE (February 12, 1813 – April 14, 1895) was an American geologist, mineralogist, volcanologist, and zoologist. He made pioneering studies of mountain-building, volcanic activity, and the origin and structure of continent ...
. He died while visiting the Davenport's residence at 31 East 39th Street in
Manhattan Manhattan (), known regionally as the City, is the most densely populated and geographically smallest of the five boroughs of New York City. The borough is also coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state ...
. He was buried at Wiltwyck Cemetery in Kingston.


Sites and honors

Camp Sharpe Army psychological warfare training site at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1944 Rutgers College Hall of Distinguished Alumni, Class of 2006 Military Intelligence Hall of Fame, Class of 2013


See also

*
List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union) __NOTOC__ This is a list of American Civil War brevet generals that served the Union Army. This list of brevet major generals or brevet brigadier generals currently contains a section which gives the names of officers who held lower actual or ...
* * *


References


External links


Frank Leslie: ''Famous Leaders and Battle Scenes of the Civil War''
(New York, 1896)
His lecture on The Last Hours of the Confederacy
in the ''New York Times'', February 21, 1876

His work and bio at University of Military Intelligence
->


Stephen Budiansky, "America's Unknown Intelligence Czar"
in ''
American Heritage American Heritage may refer to: * ''American Heritage'' (magazine) * '' The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'' * American Heritage Rivers * American Heritage School (disambiguation) See also * National Register of Historic Pla ...
'', October 2004. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Sharpe, George Henry 1828 births 1900 deaths Members of the New York State Assembly Speakers of the New York State Assembly Rutgers University alumni Yale University alumni American Civil War spies Union Army colonels 19th-century American diplomats United States Marshals Politicians from Kingston, New York Members of the Board of General Appraisers United States Article I federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison 19th-century American judges 19th-century American politicians People associated with Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft