The Gelmini reform (Italian: ''riforma Gelmini'') refers to the set of

acts The Acts of the Apostles ( grc-koi, Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, ''Práxeis Apostólōn''; la, Actūs Apostolōrum) is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian Church and the spread of its message ...

of the

Italian Republic Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

– issued during the

Berlusconi IV Cabinet The fourth Berlusconi government was the 60th government of Italy, in office from 8 May 2008 to 16 November 2011. It was the fourth government led by Silvio Berlusconi, who then became the longest-serving Prime Minister of Italy of the Italian Re ...

– concerning the education sector in Italy. Entering into force during the Minister of Education, university and Research

Mariastella Gelmini Mariastella Gelmini (born 1 July 1973) is an Italian politician and attorney (specialised in administrative law). She served as Italian Minister of Education in the Berlusconi IV Cabinet until 16 November 2011. She served as minister of Regional ...

's term of office between 2008 and 2011, it profoundly altered the Moratti reform of 2003.

General synopsis

Some interventions, contained in some articles of Law 6 August 2008, n. 133, were followed by Law 30 October 2008, n. 169, whose main purpose was to reform the entire Italian school system. The

compulsory education Compulsory education refers to a period of education that is required of all people and is imposed by the government. This education may take place at a registered school or at other places. Compulsory school attendance or compulsory schooling ...

reform took place on 1 September 2009 for primary and

lower secondary school A middle school (also known as intermediate school, junior high school, junior secondary school, or lower secondary school) is an educational stage which exists in some countries, providing education between primary school and secondary school. ...

s, and for

higher secondary school A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' secondary education, lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) ...

s on 1 September 2010. Regarding universities, Law 240/2010, promulgated on 30 December of the same year, came into force on 1 January 2011.

The acts

Law 6 August 2008, n. 133

The Law-Decree 25 June 2008, n. 112 (''Disposizioni urgenti per lo sviluppo economico, la semplificazione, la competitività, la stabilizzazione della finanza pubblica e la perequazione tributaria'', English: ''Urgent disposals for economic development, simplification, competitiveness, stabilization of public finances and tax equalization''), later '' Law 6 August 2008, n. 133'', although it mainly concerned public finance, it also included some provisions for schools and universities (in particular Articles 15, 16, 17, 64 and 66).

Law 30 October 2008, n. 169

The Law-Decree 1 September 2008, n. 137 (''Disposizioni urgenti in materia di istruzione e università'', English: ''Urgent disposals about education and university''), later law 30 October 2008, n. 169 is an act adopted on 30 October 2008 which contains a series of changes concerning the Italian

public education State schools (in England, Wales, Australia and New Zealand) or public schools (Scottish English and North American English) are generally primary or secondary schools that educate all students without charge. They are funded in whole or in pa ...

system. This decree, however, concerned essentially the

primary Primary or primaries may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Music Groups and labels * Primary (band), from Australia * Primary (musician), hip hop musician and record producer from South Korea * Primary Music, Israeli record label Works * ...

(formerly ''elementary school'') and

secondary Secondary may refer to: Science and nature * Secondary emission, of particles ** Secondary electrons, electrons generated as ionization products * The secondary winding, or the electrical or electronic circuit connected to the secondary winding i ...

(formerly ''middle'' and ''high'' schools) schools: the main innovations in university education were contained in the three-year financial law (law 133/2008) and in the subsequent decree pertaining to universities.

Law 9 January 2009, n. 1

The Law-Decree 10 November 2008 n. 180 (''Disposizioni urgenti per il diritto allo studio, la valorizzazione del merito e la qualità del sistema universitario e della ricerca'', English: ''Urgent disposals for the right to education, the valorisation of merit and the quality of the university system and research''), later Law 9 January 2009, n. 1, published in the ''Official Gazette n. 6'' of the 9 January 2009. Regulations for the reorganization of lyceums, technical institutes and professional institutes issued by the President of the Republic on 15 March 2010 (Registered at the Court of Auditors on 1 June 2010). Complemented by National Guidelines, Programs and Guidelines for the three types of high schools.

Law 30 December 2010, n. 240

The Law-Decree 30 December 2010, n. 240 (''Norme in materia di organizzazione delle università, di personale accademico e reclutamento, nonché delega al Governo per incentivare la qualità e l'efficienza del sistema universitario'', English ''Rules about organization of universities, academic staff and recruitment, as well as delegation to the Government to encourage the quality and efficiency of the university system''), published on the ''

Official Gazette A government gazette (also known as an official gazette, official journal, official newspaper, official monitor or official bulletin) is a periodical publication that has been authorised to publish public or legal notices. It is usually establis ...

'' of the 14 January 2011, formally entered into force on 29 January 2011. It is also known as a draft of the

Senate A senate is a deliberative assembly, often the upper house or chamber of a bicameral legislature. The name comes from the ancient Roman Senate (Latin: ''Senatus''), so-called as an assembly of the senior (Latin: ''senex'' meaning "the el ...

law 1905, but during the parliamentary approval, the original bill was significantly modified. The law radically changes the whole system of

governance Governance is the process of interactions through the laws, social norm, norms, power (social and political), power or language of an organized society over a social system (family, tribe, formal organization, formal or informal organization, a ...

for

Italian universities Higher education in Italy is mainly provided by a large and international network of public and state affiliated universities. State-run universities of Italy are under the supervision of Italian's Ministry of Education. There is also a number of ...

, redefining the university governing bodies and dictating different disposals about teaching staff (professors and researchers). The rule, however, contained numerous delegations to the

Italian Government The government of Italy is in the form of a democratic republic, and was established by a constitution in 1948. It consists of legislative, executive, and judicial subdivisions, as well as a Head of State, or President. The Italian Constitutio ...

to issue decrees to implement the various aspects of the reform.

Ministerial Decree n. 17 of 22 September 2010

The Ministerial Decree n. 17 of 22 September 2010 registered at the Court of Auditors on 20 January 2011 determines the ''Requirements for the courses of study''.''

References

{{reflist Law of Italy Education in Italy