''Garra'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial no ...

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of liv ...

in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Ideal ...

Cyprinidae Cyprinidae is a Family (biology), family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barb (fish), barbs and barbel (fish), barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and m ...

. These fish are one example of the " log suckers", sucker-mouthed barbs and other cyprinids commonly kept in aquaria to keep down

algae Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular m ...

. The doctor fish of

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

and the Middle East belongs in this genus. The majority of the more than 140

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate ...

of garras are native to

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

, but about one-fifth of the species are from

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

(

East East or Orient is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west and is the direction from which the Sun rises on the Earth. Etymology As in other languages, the word is formed from the fa ...

, Middle and

West West or Occident is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east and is the direction in which the Sun sets on the Earth. Etymology The word "west" is a Germanic word passed into some ...

, but by far the highest

species richness Species richness is the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region. Species richness is simply a count of species, and it does not take into account the abundances of the species or their relative a ...

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the Er ...

). The genus was established by

Francis Buchanan-Hamilton Francis Buchanan (15 February 1762 – 15 June 1829), later known as Francis Hamilton but often referred to as Francis Buchanan-Hamilton, was a Scottish physician who made significant contributions as a geographer, zoologist, and botanist whil ...

in 1822 as a

subgenus In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed between t ...

of ''

Cyprinus ''Cyprinus'' is the genus of typical carps in family Cyprinidae. Most species in the genus are of East Asia origin with only the common carp (''C. carpio'') in Western Asia and Europe; this invasive species has also been introduced to many othe ...

'' (which at that time was a " wastebin, basket genus" for

carp Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. While carp is consumed in many parts of the world, they are generally considered an invasive species in parts of ...

-like cyprinids); though it didn't lead to an act of him to designate a

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ...

by the time. However, as no other garras except the newly discovered '' G. lamta'' were known to science in 1822, this was designated as the type species by

Pieter Bleeker Pieter Bleeker (10 July 1819 – 24 January 1878) was a Dutch medical doctor, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He was famous for the ''Atlas Ichthyologique des Indes Orientales Néêrlandaises'', his monumental work on the fishes of East Asia p ...

in 1863. The garras and their closest relatives are sometimes placed in a

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

Garrinae, but this seems hardly warranted. More often, this group is included in the Labeoninae, or together with these in the Cyprininae. In the former case, the garras are members of the labeonine

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to conf ...

Garrini, in the latter they are in the

subtribe Subtribe is a taxonomic category ranking which is below the rank of tribe and above genus. The standard suffix for a subtribe is -ina (in animals) or -inae (in plants Plants are predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Pla ...

Garraina of tribe Labeonini. The genus '' Discogobio'' is a close relative.Stiassny, M.L.J. & Getahun, A. (2007)
An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus ''Garra'' Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of ''Garra'' from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species.
''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 150 (1): 41–83.''

Description and ecology

These species are slim

cyprinid Cyprinidae is a family of freshwater fish commonly called the carp or minnow family. It includes the carps, the true minnows, and relatives like the barbs and barbels. Cyprinidae is the largest and most diverse fish family and the largest vert ...

s with a flat belly and a sucking mouth; their shape indicates that they are at least in tendency rheophilic. They are distinguished from other cyprinids by a combination of features: As in their closest relatives, their lower lip is expanded at its posterior rim to form a round or oval sucking pad, the vomero-palatine organ is much reduced or completely lost, the

pectoral fin Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as se ...

s have at least the first two rays enlarged and usually unbranched, the supraethmoid is wider than long when seen from above, and the

cleithrum The cleithrum (plural cleithra) is a membrane bone which first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive bony fish, where it runs vertically along the scapula. Its name is derived from Greek κλειθρον = "key (lock)", by analogy with "clav ...

is narrow and elongated to the front. From other Garrini (or Garraina), the genus ''Garra'' can be distinguished as follows: their

pharyngeal teeth Pharyngeal teeth are teeth in the pharyngeal arch of the throat of cyprinids, suckers, and a number of other fish species otherwise lacking teeth.dorsal fin A dorsal fin is a fin located on the back of most marine and freshwater vertebrates within various taxa of the animal kingdom. Many species of animals possessing dorsal fins are not particularly closely related to each other, though through co ...

has 10-11 rays and starts slightly

anterior Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position pr ...

to the

pelvic fin Pelvic fins or ventral fins are paired fins located on the ventral surface of fish. The paired pelvic fins are homologous to the hindlimbs of tetrapods. Structure and function Structure In actinopterygians, the pelvic fin consists of two en ...

s, while the

anal fin Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as se ...

starts well behind the pelvic fins and has 8-9 rays. As far as is known, the

diploid Ploidy () is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes. Sets of chromosomes refer to the number of maternal and paternal chromosome copies, respectiv ...

karyotype A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of metaphase chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is dis ...

of garras is 2n = 50. Garras are not or barely noticeably

sexually dimorphic Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the sexes of the same animal and/or plant species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction. The condition occurs in most ani ...

and generally cryptically coloured

benthic The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from ancient Greek, βένθος (bénthos), meaning ...

freshwater Fresh water or freshwater is any naturally occurring liquid or frozen water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. Although the term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water, it does includ ...

fish. Five species in the genus ('' G. dunsirei'', '' G. lorestanensis'', '' G. tashanensis'', '' G. typhlops'' and some populations of '' G. barreimiae'') are cave-adapted, lacking

pigmentation A pigment is a colored material that is completely or nearly insoluble in water. In contrast, dyes are typically soluble, at least at some stage in their use. Generally dyes are often organic compounds whereas pigments are often inorganic compou ...

and/or eyes. Garras are

omnivorous An omnivore () is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter. Obtaining energy and nutrients from plant and animal matter, omnivores digest carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber, and metabolize the nu ...

, eating

alga Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular mi ...

plankton Plankton are the diverse collection of organisms found in water (or air) that are unable to propel themselves against a current (or wind). The individual organisms constituting plankton are called plankters. In the ocean, they provide a cruci ...

and small

invertebrate Invertebrates are a paraphyletic group of animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a ''backbone'' or ''spine''), derived from the notochord. This is a grouping including all animals apart from the chorda ...

s that they suck off substrate like rocks or logs. The food is scraped off with the sharp keratinized borders of the

jaw The jaw is any opposable articulated structure at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food. The term ''jaws'' is also broadly applied to the whole of the structures constituting the vault of the mouth and serv ...

s and ingested via

suction Suction is the colloquial term to describe the air pressure differential between areas. Removing air from a space results in a pressure differential. Suction pressure is therefore limited by external air pressure. Even a perfect vacuum canno ...

, created by contracting and relaxing the buccopharynx. As typical for

Cypriniformes Cypriniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, including the carps, minnows, loaches, and relatives. Cypriniformes is an Order within the Superorder Ostariophysi consisting of "Carp-like" Ostariophysins. This order contains 11-12 familie ...

, the garras lack a

stomach The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The stomach has a dilated structure and functions as a vital organ in the digestive system. The stomac ...

entirely, their

oesophagus The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English; both ), non-technically known also as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to ...

leading directly to the

sphincter A sphincter is a circular muscle that normally maintains constriction of a natural body passage or orifice and which relaxes as required by normal physiological functioning. Sphincters are found in many animals. There are over 60 types in the hum ...

of the

intestine The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans a ...

. Different ''Garra''

eat animal and vegetable matter in different proportions, which can – as typical for

vertebrate Vertebrates () comprise all animal taxa within the subphylum Vertebrata () ( chordates with backbones), including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, wi ...

s – usually be recognized by the length of their intestine compared to related species: more

herbivorous A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthpar ...

species have a longer intestine. Indeed, intestinal length in this genus is remarkably constant within species and varies a lot between species, meaning that it is useful to distinguish species and that dietary shifts have played a significant role in the

evolution Evolution is change in the heredity, heritable Phenotypic trait, characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. These characteristics are the Gene expression, expressions of genes, which are passed on from parent to ...

of garras. When the females are ready to spawn, they are markedly plump and swollen; the ripe roe may fill almost four-fifths of their

body cavity A body cavity is any space or compartment, or potential space, in an animal body. Cavities accommodate organs and other structures; cavities as potential spaces contain fluid. The two largest human body cavities are the ventral body cavity, and ...

. The

testicle A testicle or testis (plural testes) is the male reproductive gland or gonad in all bilaterians, including humans. It is homologous to the female ovary. The functions of the testes are to produce both sperm and androgens, primarily testo ...

s of reproductive males are large too. The average ''Garra'' egg is 1.77 mm in

diameter In geometry, a diameter of a circle is any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. It can also be defined as the longest chord of the circle. Both definitions are also valid ...

and a

clutch A clutch is a mechanical device that engages and disengages power transmission, especially from a drive shaft to a driven shaft. In the simplest application, clutches connect and disconnect two rotating shafts (drive shafts or line shafts) ...

contains several hundred eggs – up to a thousand or so in large females. The breeding behaviour is generally not well known and breeding is not often achieved in the

aquarium An aquarium (plural: ''aquariums'' or ''aquaria'') is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed. Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, ...

; presumably, like many of their relatives they migrate upstream or (if they otherwise inhabit lakes) into the rivers to spawn.

Species

These are the currently recognized species in this genus: Garra blanfordii

* '' Garra abhoyai'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra aethiopica'' ( Pellegrin, 1927) * '' Garra allostoma'' T. R. Roberts, 1990 * '' Garra alticaputus'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 Arunachalam, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2013): Morphological diagnoses of ''Garra'' (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from North-Eastern India with four new species description from Brahmaputra River. ''Journal of Fisheries and Aquaculture, 4 (3): 121-138.'' * '' Garra amirhosseini'' Esmaeili, Sayyadzadeh, Coad & Eagderi, 2016 Esmaeili, H.R., Sayyadzadeh, G., Coad, B.W. & Eagderi, S. (2016): Review of the genus ''Garra'' Hamilton, 1822 in Iran with description of a new species: a morpho-molecular approach (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). ''Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 3 (2): 82-121.'' * '' Garra annandalei'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra apogon'' (

Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 10th and 11th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norm ...

, 1925) * '' Garra arunachalami'' Johnson & Soranam, 2001 * '' Garra arunachalensis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2013): Three new species of ''Garra'' (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from north-eastern India and redescription of ''G. gotyla''. ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (2): 97-120.'' * '' Garra arupi'' Nebeshwar, Vishwanath & D. N. Das, 2009 * '' Garra barreimiae'' Fowler & Steinitz, 1956 * '' Garra bibarbatus'' (Nguyen, 2001) * '' Garra bicornuta'' Narayan Rao, 1920 * '' Garra bimaculacauda'' Thoni,

Gurung Gurung (exonym; ) or Tamu (endonym; Gurung: ) are an ethnic group indigenous to the hills and mountains of Gandaki Province of Nepal. Gurung people predominantly live around the Annapurna region in Manang, Mustang, Dolpo, Kaski, Lamjung, Gor ...

& Mayden, 2016 Thoni, R.J., Gurung, D.B. & Mayden, R.L. (2016): A review of the genus ''Garra'' Hamilton 1822 of Bhutan, including the descriptions of two new species and three additional records (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). ''Zootaxa, 4169 (1): 115-132.'' * '' Garra birostris'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 * '' Garra bisangulris'' Chen, Wu, & Xiao, 2010 * '' Garra bispinosa'' E. Zhang, 2005 * '' Garra blanfordii'' ( Boulenger, 1901) * '' Garra borneensis'' ( Vaillant, 1902) * '' Garra bourreti'' ( Pellegrin, 1928) * '' Garra buettikeri''

Krupp The Krupp family (see pronunciation), a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, is notable for its production of steel, artillery, ammunition and other armaments. The family business, known as Friedrich Krupp AG (Friedrich Krup ...

, 1983 * '' Garra cambodgiensis'' ( Tirant, 1883) (Cambodian logsucker) * '' Garra ceylonensis'' Bleeker, 1863 (Ceylon logsucker) * '' Garra chakpiensis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 Nebeshwar, K. & Vishwanath, W. (2015): Two new species of ''Garra'' (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from the Chindwin River basin in Manipur, India, with notes on some nominal ''Garra'' species of the Himalayan foothills. ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (4): 305-321.'' * '' Garra chebera'' Habteselassie, Mikschi, Ahnelt & Waidbacher, 2010 * '' Garra chindwinensis'' Nongthombam Premananda, Kosygin, Bano Saidullah, 2017 * '' Garra compressus'' Kosygin & Vishwanath, 1998 * '' Garra congoensis'' Poll, 1959 * '' Garra cornigera'' Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015 Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2015): Two new species of ''Garra'' from the Chindwin basin, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26 (3): 263–272.'' * '' Garra cryptonema'' ( G. H. Cui & Z. Y. Li, 1984) * '' Garra culiciphaga'' ( Pellegrin, 1927) Behrens-Chapuis, S., Herder, F., Esmaeili, H.R., Freyhof, J., Hamidan, N.A., Özuluğ, M., Šanda, R. & Geiger, M.F. (2015): Adding nuclear rhodopsin data where mitochondrial COI indicates discrepancies – can this marker help to explain conflicts in cyprinids? ''DNA Barcodes, 3 (1): 187-199.'' * '' Garra cyclostomata'' Đ. Y. Mai, 1978 * '' Garra cyrano'' Kottelat, 2000 * '' Garra dampaensis'' Lalronunga, Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana, 2013 Lalronunga, S., Lalnuntluanga & Lalramliana (2013)
''Garra dampaensis'', a new ray-finned fish species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Mizoram, northeastern India.
''Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5 (9): 4368–4377.'' * '' Garra dembecha'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * '' Garra dembeensis'' ( Rüppell, 1835) (Cameroon logsucker) * '' Garra dulongensis'' (Chen, Pan, Kong & Yang, 2006) * '' Garra dunsirei'' Banister, 1987 * '' Garra duobarbis'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * '' Garra elegans'' ( Günther, 1868) Freyhof, J. (2016): Redescription of ''Garra elegans'' (Günther, 1868), a poorly known species from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). ''Zootaxa, 4173 (5): 496-500.'' * '' Garra elongata'' Vishwanath & Kosygin, 2000 * '' Garra emarginata''

Kurup Kurup is an Indic surname. Notable people with this surname include: *Debbie Kurup (born 1979), English actress * Deepika Kurup (American inventor, scientist, and clean water advocate * G. Shankara Kurup (1901–1978), Indian poet * O. N. V. Kurup ...

& Radhakrishnan, 2011 * '' Garra ethelwynnae'' Menon, 1958 * '' Garra fasciacauda'' Fowler, 1937 * '' Garra festai'' ( Tortonese, 1939) * '' Garra fisheri'' ( Fowler, 1937) * '' Garra flavatra'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * '' Garra fluviatilis'' Kangrang, Thoni, Mayden & Beamish, 2016 Kangrang, P., Thoni, R.J., Mayden, R.L. & Beamish, F.W.H. (2016): ''Garra fluviatilis'', a new hillstream fish species (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Kwai Noi River system, Mae Khlong basin, Thailand. ''Zootaxa, 4175 (4): 335-344.'' * '' Garra fuliginosa'' Fowler, 1934 * '' Garra geba'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * '' Garra ghorensis''

, 1982 * '' Garra gotyla'' ( J. E. Gray, 1830) * '' Garra gracilis'' ( Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936) * '' Garra gravelyi'' ( Annandale, 1919) * '' Garra hainanensis'' Y. R. Chen & C. Y. Zheng, 1983 * '' Garra hindii'' ( Boulenger, 1905) * '' Garra hughi''

Silas Silas or Silvanus (; Greek: Σίλας/Σιλουανός; fl. 1st century AD) was a leading member of the Early Christian community, who according to the New Testament accompanied Paul the Apostle on his second missionary journey. Name and e ...

, 1955 * '' Garra ignestii'' ( Gianferrari, 1925) * '' Garra imbarbatus'' (Nguyen, 2001) * '' Garra imberba'' Garman, 1912 * '' Garra imberbis'' ( Vinciguerra, 1890) * '' Garra incisorbis'' L. P. Zheng, J. X. Yang & X. Y. Chen, 2016 Zheng, L.-P., Yang, J.-X. & Chen, X.-Y. (2016): ''Garra incisorbis'', a new species of labeonine from Pearl River basin in Guangxi, China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26 (4): 299-304.'' * '' Garra jaldhakaensis'', Kosygin, Bungdon Shangningam, Pratima Singh, Ujjal Das, 2021http://recordsofzsi.com/index.php/zsoi/article/view/158415/, Garra jaldhakaensis, a new cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from West Bengal, India * '' Garra jerdoni'' F. Day, 1867 * '' Garra jordanica'' Hamidan,

Geiger Geiger may refer to: People * Geiger (surname) Places * Geiger, Alabama, a town * Geiger (crater), a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon * Geiger, South Sudan, a border town filled with refugees Other * Geiger counter, a dev ...

& Freyhof, 2014 Hamidan, N.A., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2014): ''Garra jordanica'', a new species from the Dead Sea basin with remarks on the relationship of ''G. ghorensis'', ''G. tibanica'' and ''G. rufa'' (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (3): 223-236.'' * '' Garra joshuai'' Silas, 1954 * '' Garra kalakadensis'' Rema Devi, 1993 * '' Garra kalpangi'' Nebeshwar, Bagra & D. N. Das, 2012 Nebeshwar, K., Bagra, K. & Das, D.N. (2012)
''Garra kalpangi'', a new cyprinid fish species (Pisces: Teleostei) from upper Brahmaputra basin in Arunachal Pradesh, India.
''Journal of Threatened Taxa, 4 (2): 2353–2362.'' * '' Garra kemali'' ( Hankó, 1925) * '' Garra kempi'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra khawbungi'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 Arunachalam, M., Nandagopal, S. & Mayden, R.L. (2014): Two new Species of ''Garra'' from Mizoram, India (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) and a General Comparative Analyses of Indian ''Garra''. ''Species, 10 (24): 58-78.'' * '' Garra kimini'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 * '' Garra lamta'' ( F. Hamilton, 1822) * '' Garra lancrenonensis'' Blache & Miton, 1960 * '' Garra lautior'' Banister, 1987 * '' Garra lissorhynchus'' ( McClelland, 1842) * '' Garra litanensis'' Vishwanath, 1993 * '' Garra longchuanensis'' Q. Yu, X. Z. Wang, H. Xiong & S. P. He, 2016 Yu, Q., Wang, X., Xiong, H. & He, S. (2016): ''Garra longchuanensis'', a new cyprinid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from southern China. ''Zootaxa, 4126 (2): 295-300.'' * '' Garra longipinnis'' Banister & M. A. Clarke, 1977 * '' Garra lorestanensis'' Mousavi-Sabet & Eagderi, 2016 Mousavi-Sabet, H. & Eagderi, S. (2016): ''Garra lorestanensis'', a new cave fish from the Tigris River drainage with remarks on the subterranean fishes in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). ''FishTaxa, 1 (1): 45-54.'' * '' Garra magnidiscus'' Tamang, 2013 Tamang, L. (2013): ''Garra magnidiscus'', a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (1): 31-40.'' * '' Garra makiensis'' ( Boulenger, 1904) * '' Garra mamshuqa''

, 1983 * '' Garra manipurensis'' Vishwanath & Sarojnalini, 1988 * '' Garra mcclellandi'' ( Jerdon, 1849) * '' Garra menderesensis'' ( Küçük, Bayçelebi, Güçlü & Gülle, 2015) * '' Garra menoni'' Rema Devi & T. J. Indra, 1984 * '' Garra micropulvinus'' W. Zhou, X. F. Pan & Kottelat, 2005 * '' Garra mini'' Rahman, Mollah, Norén & Kullander, 2016 * '' Garra minimus'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 * '' Garra mirofrontis'' X. L. Chu & G. H. Cui, 1987 * '' Garra mlapparaensis''

& Radhakrishnan, 2011 Kurup, B.M. & Radhakrishnan, K.V. (2011): Two new cyprinid fishes under the genus ''Garra'' (Hamilton) from Kerala, southern India. ''Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 107 (3): 220-223.'' * '' Garra mondica'' Sayyadzadeh, Esmaeili & Freyhof, 2015 Sayyadzadeh, G., Esmaeili, H.R. & Freyhof, J. (2015): ''Garra mondica'', a new species from the Mond River drainage with remarks on the genus ''Garra'' from the Persian Gulf basin in Iran (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). ''Zootaxa, 4048 (1): 75–89.'' * '' Garra mullya'' ( Sykes, 1839) * '' Garra naganensis'' Hora, 1921 * '' Garra nambulica'' Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2005 * '' Garra namyaensis'' Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): A New Species of the Genus ''Garra'' Hamilton, 1822 from the Chindwin Basin of Manipur, India (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae). ''International Scholarly Research Network (ISRN Zoology), 2012: 1-6.''Shangningam, B. & Vishwanath, W. (2012): Validation of ''Garra namyaensis'' Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2012 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae: Labeoninae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 10-10.'' * '' Garra nana'' ( Heckel, 1843) * '' Garra nasuta'' ( McClelland, 1838) * '' Garra nethravathiensis'' Arunachalam & Nandagopal, 2014 Arunachalam, M. & Nandagopal, S. (2014): A New Species of the Genus ''Garra'' Hamilton, (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Nethravathi River, Western Ghats, India. ''Species, 10 (24): 43-57.'' * '' Garra nigricauda'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 * '' Garra nigricollis'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * '' Garra nkhruletisis'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2015 * '' Garra notata'' ( Blyth, 1860) * '' Garra nujiangensis'' Z. M. Chen, S. Zhao & J. X. Yang, 2009 * '' Garra orientalis'' Nichols, 1925 * '' Garra ornata'' ( Nichols & Griscom, 1917) * '' Garra palaniensis'' Rema Devi & Menon, 1994 * '' Garra palaruvica'' Arunachalam,

Raja ''Raja'' (; from , IAST ') is a royal title used for South Asian monarchs. The title is equivalent to king or princely ruler in South Asia and Southeast Asia. The title has a long history in South Asia and Southeast Asia, being atte ...

, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2013 * '' Garra paralissorhynchus'' Vishwanath & K. Shanta Devi, 2005 * '' Garra parastenorhynchus'' Thoni,

& Mayden, 2016 * '' Garra periyarensis'' K. C. Gopi, 2001 * '' Garra persica'' L. S. Berg, 1914 * '' Garra phillipsi'' Deraniyagala, 1933 (Phillips's garra) * '' Garra platycephala'' Narayan Rao, 1920 * '' Garra poecilura'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * '' Garra poilanei'' Petit & T. L. Tchang, 1933 * '' Garra propulvinus'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * '' Garra qiaojiensis'' H. W. Wu & Yao, 1977 * '' Garra quadratirostris'' Nebeshwar & Vishwanath, 2013 * '' Garra quadrimaculata'' ( Rüppell, 1835) * '' Garra rakhinica'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * '' Garra regressus'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * '' Garra robertsi'' Thoni & Mayden, 2015 Thoni, R.J. & Mayden, R.L. (2015): ''Garra robertsi'', a new cyprinid (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) fish species from Borneo. ''Zootaxa, 3985 (2): 284–290.'' * '' Garra rossica'' ( A. M. Nikolskii, 1900) * '' Garra rotundinasus'' E. Zhang, 2006 * '' Garra rufa'' ( Heckel, 1843) * '' Garra rupecula'' ( McClelland, 1839) * '' Garra sahilia''

, 1983 * '' Garra salweenica'' Hora & Mukerji, 1934 * '' Garra sindhi''

Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of th ...

& Freyhof, 2016 Lyon, R.G., Geiger, M.F. & Freyhof, J. (2016): ''Garra sindhi'', a new species from the Jebel Samhan Nature Reserve in Oman (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). ''Zootaxa, 4154 (1): 79-88.'' * '' Garra smarti''

& Budd, 2009 * '' Garra spilota'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * '' Garra stenorhynchus'' Jerdon, 1849 * '' Garra surendranathanii'' C. P. Shaji, L. K. Arun & P. S. Easa, 1996 * '' Garra surinbinnani'' Page, Ray, Tongnunui, Boyd & Randall, 2019 * '' Garra tamangi'' Gurumayum & Kosygin, 2016 Gurumayum, S.D. & Kosygin, L. (2016): ''Garra tamangi'', a new species of cyprinid fish (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India. ''Species, 17 (55): 84-93.'' * '' Garra tana'' Getahun & Stiassny, 2007 * '' Garra tashanensis'' Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Fatemi & Eagderi, 2016MOUSAVI-SABET, Hamed, et al. “Tashan Cave a New Cave Fish Locality for Iran; and Garra Tashanensis, a New Blind Species from the Tigris River Drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae).” FISHTAXA(2016) 1(3): 133-148, http://www.fishtaxa.com/index.php/ft/article/view/1-3-3. * '' Garra tengchongensis'' E. Zhang & Y. Y. Chen, 2002 * '' Garra theunensis'' Kottelat, 1998 * '' Garra tibanica'' Trewavas, 1941 * '' Garra trilobata'' Shangningam & Vishwanath, 2015 * '' Garra tyao'' Arunachalam, Nandagopal & Mayden, 2014 * '' Garra typhlops'' ( Bruun & E. W. Kaiser, 1944) (Iran cave barb) Farashi, A., Kaboli, M., Rezaei, H.R., Naghavi, M.R., Rahimian, H. & Coad, B.W. (2014): Reassessment of the taxonomic position of ''Iranocypris typhlops'' Bruun & Kaiser, 1944 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae). ''ZooKeys, 374: 69-77.'' * '' Garra variabilis'' ( Heckel, 1843) * '' Garra vittatula'' S. O. Kullander & F. Fang, 2004 * '' Garra waensis'' Lothongkham, Arbsuwan & Musikasinthorn, 2014 Lothongkham, A., Arbsuwan, S. & Musikasinthorn, P. (2014): ''Garra waensis'', a new cyprinid fish (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) from the Nan River basin of the Chao Phraya River system, northern Thailand. ''Zootaxa, 3790 (4): 543–554.'' * '' Garra wanae'' ( Regan, 1914) * '' Garra waterloti'' ( Pellegrin, 1935) * '' Garra yiliangensis'' H. W. Wu & Q. Z. Chen, 1977

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q134268 Cyprinidae genera Taxa named by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton Taxonomy articles created by Polbot