Garfield Thomas Haywood (July 15, 1880 – April 12, 1931) was an American pastor and songwriter who served as Presiding Bishop of the

Pentecostal Assemblies of the World The Pentecostal Assemblies of the World, Inc. (P.A.W.) is one of the world's largest Oneness Pentecostal denominations, and is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana. While it began in 1906 with Trinitarian beliefs, it was re-organized in 1916 as ...

from 1925 to 1931.Ray Boomhowe
"Haywood, Garfield Thomas"
The Encyclopedia of Indianapolis 1994

Early life

Haywood, who was

African-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American ...

, was born to Bennett and Pennyann Haywood in Greencastle,

Indiana Indiana () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States. It is the 38th-largest by area and the 17th-most populous of the 50 States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th s ...

, in 1880 and moved to Haughville, a neighborhood in

Indianapolis Indianapolis (), colloquially known as Indy, is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Marion ...

, at the age of three. As a child, he attended School 52 and then

Shortridge High School Shortridge High School is a public high school located in Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. Shortridge is the home of the International Baccalaureate and arts and humanities programs of the Indianapolis Public Schools district.(IPS). Originall ...

. Haywood was employed by the Indianapolis Freeman and

Indianapolis Recorder The ''Indianapolis Recorder'' is an American weekly newspaper based in Indianapolis, Indiana. First published in 1895, the ''Recorder'' is the longest-running African-American newspaper in Indiana and fourth in the U.S. History The newspaper w ...

newspapers as a cartoonist.

Ministry

In 1909, Haywood founded Christ Temple church. Haywood's influence crossed ethnic boundaries, and by 1913, Christ Temple had a biracial congregation of 400 to 500 which later grew to 1500. Around 1915, Haywood received a copy of

Frank Ewart Francis John Ewart (Australia 1876 – August 13, 1947) was a Pentecostal preacher, author and one of the founders of Oneness Pentecostalism and the UPCI. Early ministry Ewart was born in Australia in 1876 and worked as a Baptist bush missionary ...

's paper ''Meat in Due Season'' which argued for

Jesus' Name doctrine Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious ...

. In response, Haywood invited the evangelist Glenn A. Cook to preach at Christ Temple, resulting in Haywood being re-baptized "''In the Name of Jesus''" and he in turn re-baptized 465 members of his congregation. Thus facilitating the spread of

Oneness Pentecostalism Oneness Pentecostalism (also known as Apostolic, Jesus' Name Pentecostalism, or the Jesus Only movement) is a nontrinitarian religious movement within the Protestant Christian family of churches known as Pentecostalism. It derives its distinct ...

throughout Indiana. The third general council of the

Assemblies of God The Assemblies of God (AG), officially the World Assemblies of God Fellowship, is a group of over 144 autonomous self-governing national groupings of churches that together form the world's largest Pentecostal denomination."Assemblies of God". ...

convened in October 1915 and primary on the agenda was a debate on the merits of the new Jesus'-name doctrine vs the traditional trinitarian doctrine. Haywood and E. N. Bell spoke on behalf of the Jesus' Name doctrine and Collins and Jacob Miller spoke against. The result was a draw and it was agreed to readdress the topic at the fourth general council in October 1916. At the fourth general council a statement of faith was enacted which soundly rejected Jesus'-name doctrine causing just over one fourth of the ministers to leave the Assemblies of God. In 1911 Haywood had become affiliated with the

(PAW) and after his conversion helped convert the organization to Oneness Pentecostalism. Many of the former Assemblies of God ministers that left in 1916 formed the General Assembly of the Apostolic Assemblies which at the start of World War I merged with the PAW in order for its ministers to obtain noncombatant statues. The new and interracial organization appointed Haywood as its general chairman. By 1924 the PAW split on racial lines due to logistical and social problems created by

Jim Crow laws The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Other areas of the United States were affected by formal and informal policies of segregation as well, but many states outside the Sout ...

and Haywood was appointed Bishop of the newly reorganized PAW. Haywood composed many gospel songs including "Jesus, the Son of God", "I See a Crimson Stream of Blood", and "Do All in Jesus’ Name". Many of his songs were published in ''The Bridegroom Songs'', which was published by Christ Temple. Haywood was also an author and Oneness

apologist Apologetics (from Greek , "speaking in defense") is the religious discipline of defending religious doctrines through systematic argumentation and discourse. Early Christian writers (c. 120–220) who defended their beliefs against critics and ...

. He wrote tracts, such as "The Victim of the Flaming Sword" and "The Finest of Wheat" as well as published ''The Voice in the Wilderness'', a publication that became the official organ of the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World in 1925. Upon his death in 1931, Haywood was interred in

Crown Hill Cemetery Crown Hill Cemetery is a historic rural cemetery located at 700 West 38th Street in Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana. The privately owned cemetery was established in 1863 at Strawberry Hill, whose summit was renamed "The Crown", a high poi ...

.''Blue Letter Bible''
/ref> In 1980, the city of Indianapolis designated the segment of Fall Creek Drive where Christ Temple is located as "Bishop Garfield T. Haywood Memorial Way" in his honor.

References

External links

Writings of Garfield Thomas Haywood
{{DEFAULTSORT:Haywood, Garfield Thomas American bishops Oneness Pentecostalism American Pentecostal pastors 1880 births 1931 deaths Burials at Crown Hill Cemetery African-American Christian clergy American Christian clergy