Garden Dart

The garden dart (''Euxoa nigricans'') is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is distributed throughout much of the Palearctic. Temperate regions of Europe, Central Asia and North Asia, as well as the mountains of North Africa. Absent from polar regions, on Iceland and some Mediterranean islands (Balearic Islands, Malta, Greek Islands, Crete, Cyprus), as well as in Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands).

This is a rather drab species, forewings ranging from pale to dark brown with indistinct markings. The hindwings are white with a grey fringe. The wingspan is 32–40 mm. This moth flies at night in July and August and is attracted to light and many different flowers.

Technical description and variation

Forewing black brown with all markings obscured, or dark red-brown with the markings plainer; the edges of stigmata finely black; some ochreous scales on outside of reniform, along the course of submarginal line and at base below cell; hindwing brownish fuscous, the basal half paler in male. More than 20 aberrations are noted by Tutt, grouped, as usual, according to colouration; — the first two, with ground colour grey, are rare: -ab. ''pallida'' Tutt with a reddish tinge, and the lines and stigmata all but obsolete; — and ab. ''flavopallida'' Tutt, similar, but with the lines and stigmata yellow; -- the following 5 are pale reddish; — ab. ''rufa'' Tutt, with lines and stigmata pale: — ab. ''ruris'' Haw. with the markings yellow; — ab. ''obeliscata'' Haw. with cell black on each side of the orbicular stigma; — ab. ''striata'' Tutt with the base, stigmata, lines, and outer nervules yellow ochreous: — and ab. ''rufovariegata'' Tutt mottled red and yellow, the stigmata edged with black: — the next 5 are dark reddish brown; — ab. ''rubricans'' Esp. with the lines paler; — ab. ''rufovilis'' with stigmata and lines yellow; — ab. ''quadrata'' Tutt, like the last, but with a square black blotch between the stigmata, as in ab. obeliscata Haw.; — ab. ''ochrea'' Tutt, with faint lines but the stigmata and veins ochreous: — ab. ''fuscovariegata'' Tutt, purplish-brown mottled with ochreous and with the dark blotch between the stigmata: - in the next 4 the ground colour is blackish-brown or blackish fuscous, as in typical ''nigricans'' L.; — ab. ''dubia'' Haw. with lines and stigmata deeper, and with a conspicuous waved submarginal line: — ab. ''fumida'' smoky brown with ochreous reniform and yellowish submarginal line; — ab. ''marshallana'' sooty brown with dark lines and ochreous stigmata: — ab. ''ursina'' God. with lines and stigmata dark, a submarginal row of wedge-shaped spots and the outer edge of reniform stigma whitish; — ab. ''rustica'' Er. much smaller than the last, with the markings obsolete; — the last group has the ground colour black; — ab. ''carbonea'' Hbn. with lines and stigmata yellowish; — ab. ''fumata'' with the upper stigmata pale-edged; — ab ''fumosa'' F. with a submarginal row of whitish wedge-shaped spots; — and ab. ''fuliginea'' God. wholly black, with the very faintest of markings.
''Euxoa nigricans'' is difficult to certainly distinguish from its congeners. See Townsend et al.
*'' Euxoa obelisca'' ( enis & Schiffermüller 1775)
*''Euxoa tritici'' (Linnaeus, 1761)
*''Euxoa cursoria'' (Hufnagel, 1766)

Biology

Larva ochreous grey, paler, more greenish, at sides; lines greenish edged with black: the subspiracular line whitish and double; head with black speckling. The larva is green or brown with two white stripes down each side. It feeds on a range of plants (see list below). The species overwinters as an egg.

# ''The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.''

Recorded food plants

*''Allium''
*''Beta'' - beet
*''Brassica''
*''Daucus'' - carrot
*''Gossypium'' - cotton plant
*''Lactuca'' - lettuce
*''Pastinaca'' - parsnip
*''Phaseolus''
*Poaceae - grasses
*''Polygonum'' - knotgrass
*''Solanum'' - potato
*''Trifolium'' - clover
*''Vitis'' - grape
*''Taraxacum'' - dandelion

See Robinson, G. S. et al.

References

*Chinery, Michael ''Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe'' 1986 (Reprinted 1991)
*Skinner, Bernard ''Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles'' 1984

External links

Lepiforum
Taxonomy

{{Taxonbar, from=Q248439

Euxoa
Agricultural pest insects
Moths described in 1761
Moths of Europe
Moths of Asia
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus