''Gammatorquevirus'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
virus
A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.
Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ...
es in the family ''
Anelloviridae
''Anelloviridae'' is a family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is t ...
'', in group
II in the Baltimore classification. It contains 15 species. The fifteen species are all named "torque teno midi virus" (TTMDV), number 1–15.
Taxonomy
The genus contains the following species:
*''
Torque teno midi virus 1''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 2''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 3''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 4''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 5''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 6''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 7''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 8''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 9''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 10''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 11''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 12''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 13''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 14''
*''
Torque teno midi virus 15''
Discovery
TTMDV, which stands for transfusion transmitted midi virus or torque teno midi virus was first isolated in 2005 from patients with an acute viral infection syndrome.
Because of the circular nature of its DNA
genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding ge ...
, TTMDV (which was provisionally named small anellovirus 1) was classified as an anellovirus. Genomic analysis confirmed this classification.
Like other anelloviruses, TTMDV is quite common, even in healthy individuals. It has been found in various bodily fluids, including saliva and
nasopharyngeal
The pharynx (plural: pharynges) is the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity, and above the oesophagus and trachea (the tubes going down to the stomach and the lungs). It is found in vertebrates and invertebrates, though its struct ...
aspirates.
Genome and capsid
Like other members of its family, TTMDV's
genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism. It consists of nucleotide sequences of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The nuclear genome includes protein-coding genes and non-coding ge ...
is a circular single-stranded piece of
DNA of a negative polarity. The genome is approximately 3.2 kb in length, which is slightly smaller than that of
TTV and slightly larger than that of
TTMV. It is a non-
enveloped virus
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes.
Numerous human pathogenic viruses in circulation are encase ...
with a
capsid
A capsid is the protein shell of a virus, enclosing its genetic material. It consists of several oligomeric (repeating) structural subunits made of protein called protomers. The observable 3-dimensional morphological subunits, which may or may ...
about 40 nm in diameter. The capsid possesses T=1 icosahedral symmetry.
Clinical
The pathogenic effects of TTMDV in humans is not known. However, it has been isolated from diarrhea cases.
References
External links
* ICTV Virus Taxonomy 200
* UniProt Taxonom
*
ICTVdb
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5520343, from2=Q20721414
Anelloviridae
Virus genera