Glutathione S-transferase P is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''GSTP1''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Function
Glutathione S-transferase
Glutathione ''S''-transferases (GSTs), previously known as ligandins, are a family of eukaryotic and prokaryotic phase II metabolic isozymes best known for their ability to catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to x ...
s (GSTs) are a family of enzymes that play an important role in detoxification by catalyzing the conjugation of many
hydrophobic
In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water (known as a hydrophobe). In contrast, hydrophiles are attracted to water.
Hydrophobic molecules tend to be nonpolar and, th ...
and electrophilic compounds with reduced
glutathione
Glutathione (GSH, ) is an antioxidant in plants, animals, fungi, and some bacteria and archaea. Glutathione is capable of preventing damage to important cellular components caused by sources such as reactive oxygen species, free radicals, pero ...
. Based on their biochemical, immunologic, and structural properties, the soluble GSTs are categorized into four main classes: alpha, mu, pi, and theta. The glutathione S-transferase pi gene (GSTP1) is a polymorphic gene encoding active, functionally different GSTP1 variant proteins that are thought to function in
xenobiotic metabolism
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of ...
and play a role in susceptibility to
cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal b ...
, and other diseases.
Interactions
GSTP1 has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with
Fanconi anemia, complementation group C
Fanconi anemia group C protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FANCC'' gene.
Structure
Function
The protein encoded by this gene delays the onset of apoptosis and promotes homologous recombination repair of damaged DNA. M ...
and
MAPK8.
GST-Pi is expressed in many human tissues, particularly in the biliary tree, renal distal convoluted tubules and lungs.
Possible drug target
Triple-negative breast cancer
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is any breast cancer that lacks or show low levels of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and/or gene amplification (i.e. the tum ...
cells rely on glutathione-S-transferase Pi1, and inhibitors are being studied.
Piperlongumine
Piperlongumine (also called piplartine or piperlongumin) is an amide alkaloid constituent of the fruit of the long pepper (''Piper longum''), a pepper plant found in southern India and southeast Asia. When extracted, piperlongumine may cause skin, ...
has been found to silence the gene.
References
Further reading
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{{Use dmy dates, date=July 2017