GM Epsilon Platform

Epsilon is General Motors' mid-size car, mid-size front-wheel drive automobile platform. The architecture was multi-division project of GM North America, Opel and Saab, and debuted in the 2002 Opel Vectra#Vectra C, Opel Vectra and 2003 Saab 9-3. Since this platform falls squarely in the center of the worldwide automobile market, GM plans to produce a great many Epsilon vehicles with over a dozen variations. , it was GM's highest volume worldwide platform. Even after the dissolution of the GM/Fiat partnership, both companies retain the rights to continue developing Epsilon-derived models.

A total of 16 different models have made use of the GM Epsilon platform, some of which remain in production 19 years after the platform debuted.

Features

GM's Epsilon platform replaced the GM N platform, N platform in the United States, US, and replaced the GM2900 platform elsewhere. Vehicles of this platform generally carry the symbol "Z" in the fourth digit of their Vehicle Identification Number, VINs.

When the platform debuted, there was talk of an "Epsilon Wide" derivative, which was supposed to have provided the underpinnings for the Buick LaCrosse and Saab 9-5. However, the program was cancelled and the LaCrosse was put on the GM W platform, W platform, and the 9-5 was given a quick refresh for the 2006 model year.

The Epsilon platform is a midsize front-driver promising a 200 percent improvement in rigidity, with aluminum suspension components—MacPherson struts in front and a four-link independent arrangement in the rear, and four-wheel disc brakes. Many of the Epsilon vehicles use the GM Ecotec engine, Ecotec Inline-four engines and both the GM High Value engine, High Value and GM High Feature engine, High Feature V6 engines.

The refreshed 2008 SAAB 9-3 debuted with an advanced version of all-wheel-drive it dubbed XWD, finally giving a definitive answer to rumors about the platform's ability to support AWD, which had been around since the debut of the platform.

The GM Lambda platform, Lambda and GM Theta platform#Theta Premium, Theta Premium Crossover (automobile), crossover platforms are derived from Epsilon.

Vehicles

Vehicles based on the Epsilon I platform:
* Regular
** 2002–2009 Opel Vectra#Vectra C, Opel Vectra C saloon and liftback
** 2002–2009 Opel Vectra#Vectra C, Vauxhall Vectra saloon and liftback
** 2002–2009 Opel Vectra#Vectra C, Holden Vectra
** 2002–2009 Opel Vectra#Vectra C, Chevrolet Vectra
** 2003–2011 Saab 9-3
** 2010–2012 Saab 9-5
** 2004–2007 Chevrolet Malibu#2004, Chevrolet Malibu
** 2006–2009 Cadillac BLS

File:Opel Vectra C GTS Facelift Starsilber.JPG, Opel Vectra C
File:2007 Vauxhall Vectra Exclusiv 1.8 Front.jpg, Vauxhall Vectra
File:2003 Holden Vectra (ZC MY03) CD hatchback (2016-01-04) 01.jpg, Holden Vectra
File:Chevrolet Vectra 2.2 Elegance 2007 (13929776740).jpg, Chevrolet Vectra
File:2009 Saab 9-3 (MY08) Aero 2.8T sedan (2015-07-09) 01.jpg, Saab 9-3
File:Saab 9-3 Aero front 20081126.jpg, Saab 9-3 Convertible
File:Saab 9-3 Sport Combi Vector 1.9 TiD.JPG, Saab 9-3 SportCombi
File:Saab 9-3X – Frontansicht, 13. März 2011, Wuppertal.jpg, Saab 9-3X
File:Cadillac BLS front 20080823.jpg, Cadillac BLS
File:Cadillac BLS D Wagon front 20100508.jpg, Cadillac BLS Wagon
File:06-07 Chevrolet Malibu.jpg, Chevrolet Malibu
File:06-07 Chevrolet Malibu MAXX.jpg, Chevrolet Malibu Maxx

* Extended
** 2002–2009 Opel Vectra#Vectra C, Opel Vectra C Station wagon, Caravan
** 2002–2009 Opel Vectra#Vectra C, Vauxhall Vectra Station wagon, Caravan
** 2003–2008 Opel Signum
** 2004–2007 Chevrolet Malibu#2004, Chevrolet Malibu Maxx hatchback
** 2008–2012 Chevrolet Malibu
** 2005–2010 Pontiac G6
** 2005–2011 Fiat Croma
** 2007–2010 Saturn Aura

File:Opel Vectra C Caravan 3.0 V6 CDTI Facelift front TEST.jpg, Opel Vectra C Caravan
File:2009 Vauxhall Vectra Estate.jpg, Vauxhall Vectra Estate
File:Opel Signum 1.9 CDTI Edition Facelift Starsilber.JPG, Opel Signum
File:Vauxhall Signum 2198cc May 2006.jpg, Vauxhall Signum
File:2008-Chevrolet-Malibu-LTZ-DC.jpg, Chevrolet Malibu
File:Pontiac G6 Sedan.jpg, Pontiac G6
File:Pontiac-G6-coupe.jpg, Pontiac G6 Coupe
File:Pontiac G6 Convertible.JPG, Pontiac G6 Convertible
File:Saturn Aura XR -- 08-28-2009.jpg, Saturn Aura
File:2010 Fiat Croma.JPG, Fiat Croma

Cancelled vehicles which would have used this platform:
* 2006 midsized Buick

Epsilon II

A new version of the Epsilon, dubbed Epsilon II, debuted in 2008. It is adaptable for front-wheel drive, front and all-wheel drive applications. In long wheelbase format, Epsilon II supports United States Environmental Protection Agency, US EPA Full-size car, Large Cars, allowing GM to replace the GM G platform (FWD), G and GM W platform, W platforms. The architecture was developed by Opel in Rüsselsheim, Germany. Many safety features and AWD fitment modifications were done by Saab.

Current and announced vehicles built on Epsilon II:
* D-segment, SWB
** 2008–2017 Opel Insignia, Vauxhall Insignia, Opel Insignia, Holden Insignia VXR, Buick Regal, Opel Insignia, Chevrolet Vectra (saloon, hatchback, estate) (D-segment, SWB)
** 2012–2016 Chevrolet Malibu, Holden Malibu (D-segment, SWB)
* E-segment, SL LWB
** 2010–2016 Buick LaCrosse/Alpheon (E-segment, SL LWB)
** 2010–2012 Saab 9-5 (E-segment, SL LWB)
** 2012–present Roewe 950 (E-segment, SL LWB)
* E-segment, EL LWB
** 2012–2019 Cadillac XTS (E-segment, EL LWB)
** 2014–2019 Chevrolet Impala (E-segment, EL LWB)

File:Opel Insignia 2.0 Turbo Cosmo 4x4 2016.jpg, Opel Insignia
File:Opel insignia 4T opc.jpg, Opel Insignia OPC
File:Opel Insignia Sports Tourer OPC – Frontansicht, 13. März 2011, Wuppertal.jpg, Opel Insignia Sports Tourer
File:2016 Vauxhall Insignia Design 1.4.jpg, Vauxhall Insignia
File:Vauxhall Insignia Break.jpg, Vauxhall Insignia Estate
File:2011 Buick Regal CXL 1 -- 07-03-2010.jpg, Buick Regal
File:2011 Buick Regal GS 2 -- 2010 DC.jpg, Buick Regal GS
File:2015 Holden Insignia (GA MY15.5) VXR sedan (20104110092).jpg, Holden Insignia VXR
File:Chevrolet Vectra 2.0 Turbo.jpg, Chevrolet Vectra
File:14 Buick LaCrosse (14344035480).jpg, Buick LaCrosse
File:ALPHEON Ext.jpg, Alpheon EL300
File:Roewe e950 front.jpg, Roewe 950
File:2013 Chevrolet Malibu Eco -- 2012 DC 1.JPG, Chevrolet Malibu
File:14 Chevrolet Impala LT (14344066639).jpg, Chevrolet Impala
File:Cadillac XTS facelift 01 China 2018-03-28.jpg, Cadillac XTS
File:2012 Saab 9-5 Aero Turbo4 Automatic 2.0 Front.jpg, Saab 9-5

Concept vehicles built on Epsilon II:
* 2007 Buick Riviera
* 2007 Opel GTC, Opel GTC Concept

File:NAIAS 304.JPG, Buick Riviera Concept (2007)
File:Opel GTC Concept (retouched).jpg, Opel GTC Concept

E2XX

E2XX is a moderately updated version of Epsilon 2 platform, consistent with other platform revamps, such as the D2XX based on Delta II.

The E2XX platform targets weight reductions and longer wheelbases.

Vehicles

Vehicle built on E2XX:
* 2016–present Chevrolet Malibu
* 2017–2022 Opel Insignia, Opel/Vauxhall Insignia, Buick Regal 2018–present (since 2020 China only), Holden Commodore (ZB) 2018–2020
* 2019–present Cadillac XT4
* 2021–present Buick Envision
*

File:Chevrolet Malibu 2020.jpg, Chevrolet Malibu
File:Opel Insignia B (20170625 191333).jpg, Opel Insignia Grand Sport
File:Opel Insignia Sports Tourer 1.5 DIT Innovation (B) – Frontansicht, 12. Mai 2017, Düsseldorf.jpg, Opel Insignia Sports Tourer
File:Opel Insignia, IAA 2017, Frankfurt (1Y7A3364).jpg, Opel Insignia Country Tourer
File:Opel Insignia GSi IMG 0917.jpg, Opel Insignia GSi
File:2018 Vauxhall Insignia SRi NAV Turbo 1.5 Front.jpg, Vauxhall Insignia Grand Sport
File:Vauxhall Insignia Sports Tourer diesel 1956cc registered September 2017.jpg, Vauxhall Insignia Sports Tourer
File:2018 Buick Regal Sportback Preferred II FWD, Ebony Twilight Metallic, front right.jpg, Buick Regal Sportback
File:Buick Regal II GS 001.jpg, Buick Regal GS
File:2018 Buick Regal TourX Preferred AWD, front right.jpg, Buick Regal TourX
File:2018 Holden Commodore (ZB MY18) LT sedan (2018-08-06) 01a.jpg, Holden Commodore (ZB)
File:2018 Holden Calais (ZB MY18) V6 AWD Tourer (2018-11-29) 01.jpg, Holden Commodore (ZB) Tourer
File:Cadillac XT4 0001 China 2019-03-13.jpg, Cadillac XT4
File:Buick Envision S 005.jpg, Buick Envision

P2XX

P2XX is the longer variant of the E2XX platform.

Vehicle built on P2XX:
* Buick LaCrosse

File:Buick LaCrosse III facelift 01 China 2019-04-04.jpg, Buick LaCrosse

C1XX

C1XX is the crossover variant of the E2XX platform, replacing the GM Theta platform#Theta Premium, Theta Premium and GM Lambda platform, Lambda platforms.

Vehicles built on C1XX:

Two-row mid-size:

* 2017–present Cadillac XT5
* 2019–present Chevrolet Blazer (crossover), Chevrolet Blazer

File:2019 Cadillac XT5 Luxury 3.6L front 3.24.19.jpg, Cadillac XT5
File:2019 Chevrolet Blazer au SIAM 2019.jpg, Chevrolet Blazer

Three-row mid-size:

* 2017–present GMC Acadia
* 2018-2020 GMC Acadia, Holden Acadia
* 2020–present Buick Enclave (China)
* 2020–present Chevrolet Blazer (crossover), Chevrolet Blazer (China)
* 2020–present Cadillac XT6

File:2020 GMC Acadia AT4 front NYIAS 2019.jpg, GMC Acadia
File:Holden Acadia Launch, 29 August 2018 (43429186695).jpg, Holden Acadia
File:Buick Enlave Chinese version 001.jpg, Buick Enclave
File:Chevrolet Blazer 003.jpg, Chevrolet Blazer
File:2020 Cadillac XT6 AWD front NYIAS 2019.jpg, Cadillac XT6

Full-size:
* 2018–present Buick Enclave
* 2018–present Chevrolet Traverse

File:2019 Buick Enclave 3.6L, front 8.25.19.jpg, Buick Enclave
File:Chevrolet Traverse 3.6 Premier AWD 2018.jpg, Chevrolet Traverse

Footnotes

References

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gm Epsilon Platform
General Motors platforms, Epsilon