genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...
mollusk
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...
s in the
family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...
Raphitomidae
Raphitomidae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". ''Malacologia'' 47(1-2). . 39 ...
.
This genus can sometimes be hardly differentiated from species in the genera ''
Spergo
''Spergo'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae.
Description
The large, thin shell is nearly destitute of sculpture. It shows an unrecurved columella, a short, wide, straight siphonal canal, a wide shall ...
'' Dall, 1895, ''
Theta
Theta (, ; uppercase: Θ or ; lowercase: θ or ; grc, ''thē̂ta'' ; Modern: ''thī́ta'' ) is the eighth letter of the Greek alphabet, derived from the Phoenician letter Teth . In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 9.
Gr ...
'' Clarke, 1959 and ''Speoides yoshidae'' Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961 (a synonym of ''Gymnobela yoshidae'' (Kuroda & Habe, 1961) )
This genus is highly diverse. It is rather an artificial assemblage of several unrelated genus-level lineages that are unrelated and mostly undescribed.
Description
The rather solid shell is in form and general appearance like
Bela
Bela may refer to:
Places Asia
*Bela Pratapgarh, a town in Pratapgarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India
*Bela, a small village near Bhandara, Maharashtra, India
*Bela, another name for the biblical city Zoara
* Bela, Dang, in Nepal
*Bela, Janakpur ...
. The
spire
A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spires a ...
is generally rather short. The body whorl is swollen. The whorls are often shouldered. The sculpture is rather strong. The protoconch has a fine cancellated
sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable ...
. The subsutural band is not strongly marked. The posterior notch of the
lip
The lips are the visible body part at the mouth of many animals, including humans. Lips are soft, movable, and serve as the opening for food intake and in the articulation of sound and speech. Human lips are a tactile sensory organ, and can be ...
is shallow and usually not very distinct. The operculum is absent.
Fossils have been found in
Pliocene
The Pliocene ( ; also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58Quaternary strata of Costa Rica (age range: 3.6 to 0.781 Ma).
Species
Species within the genus ''Gymnobela'' include:
; Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Gymnobela adenicus'' ic synonym of ''Gymnobela adenica'' Sysoev, 1996
* ''Gymnobela agassizi'' ic synonym of ''Gymnobela agassizii'' (Verrill & S. Smith n Verrill 1880)
* ''Gymnobela bathyiberica'' Fechter, 1976 : synonym of '' Theta vayssierei'' (Dautzenberg, 1925)
* ''Gymnobela blakeana extensa'' Dall, 1881 : synonym of '' Mioawateria extensa'' (Dall, 1881)
* ''Gymnobela brevis'' Verrill, 1885: synonym of '' Gymnobela blakeana'' (Dall, 1881)
* ''Gymnobela chariessa'' (Watson, 1881): synonym of '' Theta chariessa'' (Watson, 1881)
* ''Gymnobela curta'' Verrill, 1884: synonym of ''Gymnobela aquilarum'' (Watson, 1882)
* ''Gymnobela extensa'' (Dall, 1881): synonym of '' Mioawateria extensa'' (Dall, 1881)
* ''Gymnobela fulvocincta'' Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896: synonym of Gymnobela fulvotincta (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
* ''Gymnobela gregaria'' Sykes, 1906: synonym of '' Gymnobela leptoglypta'' (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
* ''Gymnobela grundifera'' Dall, 1927: synonym of '' Daphnella grundifera'' (Dall, 1927)
* ''Gymnobela holomera'' Locard, 1897: synonym of '' Gymnobela pyrrhogramma'' (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
* ''Gymnobela homeotata'' (Watson, 1886): synonym of '' Gymnobela homaeotata'' (Watson, 1886)
* ''Gymnobela imitator'' Dall, 1927: synonym of '' Pleurotomella imitator'' (Dall, 1927)
* ''Gymnobela judithae'' Clarke, 1989: synonym of '' Mioawateria extensa'' (Dall, 1881)
* ''Gymnobela leptoconchum'' Locard, 1897: synonym of '' Gymnobela emertoni'' (Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1884)
* ''Gymnobela lyroniclea'' ic synonym of ''Gymnobela lyronuclea'' (A.H. Clarke, 1959): synonym of '' Theta lyronuclea'' (A.H. Clarke, 1959)
* ''Gymnobela lyronuclea'' (A.H. Clarke, 1959): synonym of '' Theta lyronuclea'' (A.H. Clarke, 1959)
* ''Gymnobela malmii'' (Dall, 1889): synonym of '' Mioawateria malmii'' (Dall, 1889)
* ''Gymnobela nudator'' (Locard, 1897): synonym of '' Bathybela nudator'' (Locard, 1897)
* ''Gymnobela pinguis'' Locard, 1897: synonym of '' Gymnobela aquilarum'' (Watson, 1882)
* † ''Gymnobela pusula'' (Laws, 1947): synonym of † '' Acanthodaphne pusula'' (Laws, 1947)
* ''Gymnobela pycnoides'' Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896: synonym of '' Mioawateria malmii'' (Dall, 1889)
* ''Gymnobela recondita'' Tiberi, 1869: synonym of '' Gymnobela pyrrhogramma'' (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
* ''Gymnobela rhomboidea'' Thiele, 1925: synonym of '' Mioawateria rhomboidea'' (Thiele, 1925)
* ''Gymnobela sibogae'' (Schepman, 1913): synonym of ''
Spergo sibogae
''Spergo sibogae'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Spergo sibogae Schepman, 1913. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marines ...
'' Schepman, 1913
* ''Gymnobela subangulata'' Verrill, 1884: synonym of '' Gymnobela aquilarum'' (Watson, 1882)
* ''Gymnobela tenelluna'' (Locard, 1897): synonym of '' Bathybela tenelluna'' (Locard, 1897)
* ''Gymnobela tenellunum'' ic synonym of Gymnobela tenelluna (Locard, 1897): synonym of '' Bathybela tenelluna'' (Locard, 1897)
* ''Gymnobela tincta'' Verrill, 1885: synonym of '' Gymnobela emertoni'' (Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1884)
* ''Gymnobela vayssierei'' (Dautzenberg, 1925): synonym of '' Theta vayssierei'' (Dautzenberg, 1925)
* ''Gymnobela virgo'' (Okutani, 1966): synonym of '' Bathytoma virgo'' (Okutani, 1966)
* ''Gymnobela watsoni'' (Dautzenberg, 1889): synonym of '' Mioawateria watsoni'' (Dautzenberg, 1889)
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The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) is an international organisation that focuses on making scientific data on biodiversity available via the Internet using web services. The data are provided by many institutions from around the ...
Animal Diversity Web
Animal Diversity Web (ADW) is an online database that collects the natural history, classification, species characteristics, conservation biology, and distribution information on thousands of species of animals. The website includes thousands ...