Gyanendra Shah ( ne, ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह, born 7 July 1947) is a former monarch who was the last
King of Nepal
The King of Nepal (traditionally known as the Mahārājdhirāja i.e. Great King of Kings; it can also be translated as "Sovereign Emperor" ( ne, श्री ५ महाराजधिराज)) was Nepal's head of state and monarch from 1768 ...
, reigning from 2001 to 2008. As a child, he was briefly king from 1950 to 1951, when his grandfather,
Tribhuvan
Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah ( ne, श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह देव ) (30 June 1906 – 13 March 1955) was King of Nepal from 11 December 1911 until his ...
, took political asylum in
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
with the rest of his family. His second reign began after the 2001
Nepalese royal massacre
The Nepalese royal massacre occurred on 1 June 2001 at the Narayanhiti Palace, the then-residence of the Nepalese monarchy. Nine members of the royal family, including King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya, were killed in a mass shooting during a ga ...
. Gyanendra Shah is the first person in the history of Nepal to be king twice and also the last king of the Shah dynasty of Nepal.
Gyanendra's second reign was marked by constitutional turmoil. His brother
King Birendra
Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ( ne, श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव ) (28 December 1945 – 1 June 2001) was the tenth Shah Ruler and the King of N ...
had established a
constitutional monarchy
A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. Constitutional monarchies dif ...
in which he delegated policy to a representative government. The growing insurgency of the
Nepalese Civil War
The Nepalese Civil War was a protracted armed conflict that took place in the former Kingdom of Nepal from 1996 to 2006. It saw fighting between the Nepalese royal government and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) throughout the country. ...
during Gyanendra's reign interfered with elections of representatives. After several delays in elections, Gyanendra suspended the constitution and assumed direct authority in February 2005, asserting that it would be a temporary measure to suppress the Maoist insurgency after civil governments had failed to do so. In the face of
broad opposition, he restored the previous parliament in April 2006. He was deposed two years later by the first session of the Constituent Assembly, which declared the nation as the
Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Nepal (; ne, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne,
सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in South Asia. It is mai ...
and abolished the 240-year
Shah Dynasty
The Shah dynasty ( ne, शाह वंश), also known as the Shahs of Gorkha or the Royal House of Gorkha, was the ruling Chaubise Thakuri dynasty ; and the founder of Gorkha Kingdom from 1559 to 1768 and later the unified Kingdom of Nepal ...
.
Early life and first reign
![Ford B2477 NLGRF photo contact sheet (1976-12-10)(Gerald Ford Library) (cropped)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Ford_B2477_NLGRF_photo_contact_sheet_%281976-12-10%29%28Gerald_Ford_Library%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Gyanendra was born in the old
Narayanhiti Royal Palace,
Kathmandu
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, coordinates =
, subdivision_type = Country
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, subdivision_type1 = Province
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, as the second son of
Crown Prince Mahendra and his first wife,
Crown Princess Indra. After his birth, his father was told by a court astrologer not to look at his newborn son because it would bring him bad luck, so Gyanendra was sent to live with his grandmother.
In November 1950, during a political plot, both his father and his grandfather
King Tribhuvan
Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah ( ne, श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह देव ) (30 June 1906 – 13 March 1955) was King of Nepal from 11 December 1911 until his ...
, along with other royals, fled to India, leaving the infant Prince Gyanendra as the only male member of the royal family in Nepal. He was brought back to the capital Kathmandu by the Prime Minister
Mohan Shamsher, who had him declared king on 7 November 1950. Not only was Gyanendra crowned, but coins were issued in his name. The
Rana
Rana may refer to:
Astronomy
* Rana (crater), a crater on Mars
* Delta Eridani or Rana, a star
People, groups and titles
* Rana (name), a given name and surname (including a list of people and characters with the name)
* Rana (title), a histori ...
prime minister provided a 300,000 rupee annual budget as expenditure for the king.
After opposition to the hereditary rule of the Rana prime ministers from India, a deal was reached in January 1951, and Gyanendra's grandfather
King Tribhuvan
Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah ( ne, श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज त्रिभुवन वीर विक्रम शाह देव ) (30 June 1906 – 13 March 1955) was King of Nepal from 11 December 1911 until his ...
returned to Nepal and resumed the throne. The actions of the Rana regime to depose his grandfather and place Gyanendra on the throne were internationally recognized.
Gyanendra studied with his elder brother
King Birendra
Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ( ne, श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव ) (28 December 1945 – 1 June 2001) was the tenth Shah Ruler and the King of N ...
at
St. Joseph's School, Darjeeling, India; in 1969, he graduated from
Tribhuvan University
Tribhuvan University (TU; ne, त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय) is a public university located in Kirtipur, Kathmandu. Established in 1959, TU is the oldest university in Nepal. In terms of enrollment, it is t ...
, Kathmandu.
He served as the chairman of the Advisory Committee for the Coronation of his brother
King Birendra
Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ( ne, श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव ) (28 December 1945 – 1 June 2001) was the tenth Shah Ruler and the King of N ...
in 1975. He is a keen
conservationist and served as chairman of the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (later known as
National Trust for Nature Conservation
The National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC), () previously known as King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation is a Nepalese non-governmental organization working in the field of nature conservation.
History
It was established in 1982 as ...
) from 1982 until his reaccession to the throne in 2001.
Gyanendra married his second cousin
Komal Rajya Lakhsmi Devi on 1 May 1970 in Kathmandu. They have two children:
*
Prince Paras Bir Bikram Shah Dev (born on 30 December 1971).
*
Princess Prerana Rajya Lakshmi Devi Singh (born on 20 February 1978).
Succession
Gyanendra again assumed the throne after many other royal family members, including King Birendra, were assassinated on 1 June 2001 by Gyanendra's nephew
Crown Prince Dipendra
Dipendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ( ne, दीपेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह, 27 June 1971 – 4 June 2001) was the King of Nepal for three days from 1 to 4 June 2001. For the duration of his three day reign he was ...
, who was titular king for a brief period before succumbing to a self-inflicted gunshot wound. These events and the ensuing investigation proved very controversial. A two-man investigation team appointed by Gyanendra and made up of Keshav Prasad Upadhaya, then-Supreme Court Chief Justice, and
Taranath Ranabhat
Taranath Ranabhat ( ne, तारानाथ रानाभाट) is a Nepalese politician. He was elected to the Pratinidhi Sabha in the 1999 election on behalf of the Nepali Congress. Ranabhat served as its chairman from the same year. He a ...
, then-Speaker of the House of Representatives, carried out a week-long investigation. After interviewing more than 100 people—including eyewitnesses, palace officials, guards, and staff—they concluded that Dipendra had indeed carried out the massacre, but they drew no further conclusions. As his nephew lay in a coma, Prince Gyanendra was named regent; but after King Dipendra's death on 4 June 2001, Gyanendra resumed the throne.
Second reign
Early reign
During his early years on the throne, Gyanendra sought to exercise full control over the government, citing the failure of all the political parties to hold an election after the parliament was dissolved. In May 2002, he supported the popularly elected Prime Minister
Sher Bahadur Deuba
Sher Bahadur Deuba ( ne, शेरबहादुर देउवा, ; born 13 June 1946) is a Nepali politician and former prime minister of Nepal. He has also been serving as the president of the Nepali Congress since 2016. Deuba has served ...
when he dismissed the parliament elected in 1999. In October 2002, he dismissed Deuba and consolidated his power for the first time. During the years 2002 to 2005 he chose and subsequently dismissed three prime ministers for failure to hold elections and bring the
rebels to a round table negotiation; he finally dismissed Deuba for the second time and took over as absolute ruler on 1 February 2005, promising that the country would return to normality within 36 months.
His elder brother King Birendra had negotiated a
constitutional monarchy
A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. Constitutional monarchies dif ...
during his rule in a delicate manner in which he, as king, played a minor role in government. Thus, Gyanendra's confrontational approach with the established political parties met with widespread censure.
When Gyanendra took complete control for the second time, on 1 February 2005, he dismissed Prime Minister
Sher Bahadur Deuba
Sher Bahadur Deuba ( ne, शेरबहादुर देउवा, ; born 13 June 1946) is a Nepali politician and former prime minister of Nepal. He has also been serving as the president of the Nepali Congress since 2016. Deuba has served ...
's government for failing to make arrangements for parliamentary elections and being unable to restore peace in the country, which was then in the midst of a
civil war
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
led by
Maoist insurgents.
Gyanendra promised that "peace and effective democracy" would be restored within three years.
but the period of direct rule was accompanied by repression of dissent. International organizations expressed grave concerns about the
safety of journalists
Safety of journalists is the ability for journalists and media professionals to receive, produce and share information without facing physical or moral threats.
Journalists can face violence and intimidation for exercising their fundamental ri ...
, following the king's decision to restrict civil liberties, including freedom of the press, the constitutional protection against censorship and the right against preventive detention.
In April 2006, the seven-party alliance and the then banned CPN Maoist party in an underground manner staged
protests and strikes in
Kathmandu
, pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal#Asia
, coordinates =
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name =
, subdivision_type1 = Province
, subdivision_name1 = Bagmati Prov ...
against King Gyanendra's direct rule. The royal government exercised minimum restraint but declared a curfew to control the deteriorating situation, which was enforced with live firearms and tear gas. After 23 protesters were killed, on 21 April 2006, King Gyanendra announced that he would yield executive authority to a new prime minister chosen by the political parties to oversee the return of democracy. Several party leaders rejected the offer and again demanded that the King call a council to determine the monarchy's future role in politics. An agreement was reached between the parties under the supervision of the Indian ruling Congress that the monarchy would have a place in the new constitution.
Girija Prasad Koirala
Nepal Ratna Girija Prasad Koirala ( ne, गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला ; 4 July 1924 – 20 March 2010), affectionately known as Girija Babu, was a Nepalese politician. He headed the Nepali Congress and served as the ...
was appointed prime minister in the interim. Girija Prasad, as the main leader, had talks with the King and the agreement for monarchy's position. As such, on 24 April 2006, Gyanendra reinstated the previous parliament in a televised address to the nation.
End of direct rule
The agreement between the parties and Gyanendra under Indian supervision was not honored by the parties. It is widely believed that Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koirala was deeply convinced that as long as Gyanendra remained in the power structure, there was always danger to the democratic order in Nepal. On 10 June 2006, the Parliament scrapped the major powers of the king, including his right to veto laws. This ended the idea of a "King in Parliament", and he was reduced to a figurehead, though for a time he continued to offer felicitations and to receive diplomats. According to Article 167 of the constitution, all executive powers as well as those enjoyed by the king in the previous Constitution were now vested in the prime minister. All powers of the 239-year-old monarchy were stripped, making Gyanendra a civilian king.
Prime Minister Koirala, who had previously supported the continuation of the monarchy, said in March 2007 that he thought Gyanendra should step down. In June, Koirala repeated his call for Gyanendra to abdicate in favour of his grandson
Prince Hridayendra.
On 23 August 2007 Nepal's transitional government nationalised all the properties Gyanendra inherited from his brother, including the
Narayanhiti Royal Palace. The move did not affect the properties he owned before his accession to the throne.
Interim suspension of the monarchy
It was announced on 24 December 2007 that, following the approval of the
Nepalese Parliament, the monarchy would probably be suspended in 2008, as part of a peace deal with Maoist rebels. This was for a bill to amend the constitution to make Nepal a republic.
On 27 May 2008, the meeting decided to give Gyanendra fifteen days to vacate the palace and decided that the first meeting would be held the next day at 11 am; however, it was delayed due to the indecision among the leading parties on power-sharing and the nomination of 26 members of the
Constituent Assembly
A constituent assembly (also known as a constitutional convention, constitutional congress, or constitutional assembly) is a body assembled for the purpose of drafting or revising a constitution. Members of a constituent assembly may be elected b ...
.
On 28 May 2008, the monarchy was officially given no place in the amended constitution of 1990 and was replaced by a republic. This was done by the Constituent Assembly, without a referendum.
["Nepal becomes a federal democratic republic"](_blank)
, Nepalnews, 28 May 2008. Gyanendra accepted the decision in the following days. As he was required to leave
Narayanhiti
The Narayanhiti Palace Museum ( Nepali: नारायणहिटी दरवार) is a public museum in Kathmandu, Nepal located east of the Kaiser Mahal and next to Thamel. The museum was created in 2008 from the complex of the former Nar ...
, he asked the government to make residential arrangements for him on 1 June, and on 4 June the government decided to give Nagarjuna Palace to Gyanendra.
Gyanendra left the Narayanhiti Palace in Kathmandu on 11 June 2008, moving into the
Nagarjuna Palace
Nāgārjuna . 150 – c. 250 CE (disputed)was an Indian Mahāyāna Buddhist thinker, scholar-saint and philosopher. He is widely considered one of the most important Buddhist philosophers.Garfield, Jay L. (1995), ''The Fundamental Wisdom of ...
. His new residence consists of ten buildings including the royal residence Hemanta Bas, three guesthouses (Barsha Bas, Sharad Bas and Grishma Bas), one office secretariat and one staff quarters. Gyanendra and his family moved into the two-storey Hemanta Bas. Following his departure, the Narayanhiti Palace was turned into a museum, while Gyanendra's diamond- and ruby-encrusted Crown and royal sceptre, along with all the other crown jewels and royal assets, became government property. The royal family's departure from the palace was reported as a "major symbolic moment in the fall of the
Shah dynasty
The Shah dynasty ( ne, शाह वंश), also known as the Shahs of Gorkha or the Royal House of Gorkha, was the ruling Chaubise Thakuri dynasty ; and the founder of Gorkha Kingdom from 1559 to 1768 and later the unified Kingdom of Nepal ...
, which had unified Nepal in the 1760s".
Transition to interim republic
Gyanendra, in an interview with foreign reporters published on 9 April 2008,
expressed dissatisfaction over the decision made by the interim parliament to abolish the monarchy after the
10 April Constituent Assembly election. The interview was published in Japan's leading newspaper,
'' Daily Yomiuri''. Speaking to a select group of Japanese correspondents at the
Narayanhiti Royal Palace on 4 February 2008, Gyanendra said, "
he decisiondoesn't reflect the majority view of the people. This isn't a democracy."
However, he conceded that the people do have the right to choose the fate of the monarchy.
Gyanendra also said that law and order in the country was deteriorating, and questioned the interim government's ability to govern the country even after he had accepted the road map of the seven-party alliance. Citing the recent survey which showed 49% of respondents favoured the continuation of the monarchy in some form, Gyanendra claimed, "A majority of the people find great meaning in the institution of the monarchy. In all clouds, there is a silver lining. Let us hope."
Gyanendra had broken his closely guarded silence in an interview with a Nepali weekly paper in which he said he remained silent to "let the peace process succeed". On 7 February 2008 the BBC reported Gyanendra as saying to Japanese journalists: "The Nepali people themselves should speak out on where the nation is heading, on the direction it is taking and on why it is becoming chaotic".
He claimed that his attempt on 1 February 2005 was for a good purpose—restoring peace and stability in the country. He said that his attempt was not a success and so the countrymen are suffering at present.
In an interview, Gyanendra's advisor, Bharat Keshar Singh, claimed that the bill passed by the parliament was a bluff. Replying to a question raised regarding the King's silence even after the bill was passed declaring the state a republic, he said that there was nothing for the King to respond to. He claimed that the parliament which declared a republic was reinstated by the King himself and had no authority to dethrone the same King. He claimed that the King was examining the activities of the government and the parliament and was waiting for a suitable time to respond to them. He said that no people would accept the "bill" unless decided by a referendum or elected members in the constituent assembly.
On 15 January 2007 the interim parliament was set up with the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) included, and on 1 April 2007, the interim government joined by the Communist Party was formed. On 28 December 2007, the Nepali interim parliament approved a bill for the amendment to the constitution of 1990 promulgated on 15 January 2007, with a clause stating that Nepal would become a federal democratic republic, to be implemented by the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly elections.
In 2020 the RPP-N submitted 2.35 million signatures to the Constituent Assembly demanding a referendum for the fate of the 240-year old monarchy and a Hindu state.
Foreign intervention in the fall of the monarchy
The political parties and the King reached a secret deal known as the 5-point agreement on 24 April, 2006 where the political parties agreed to retain monarchy in Nepal but
Shyam Saran
Shyam Saran (born 4 September 1946) is an Indian career diplomat. He joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1970 and rose to become the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India. Prior to his appointment as the Foreign Secretary he served as ...
played spoilsport and overturned the deal. Senior Journalist P. Kharel also revealed in an interview with BBC Nepali service that King Gyanendra lost his throne when he refused to make Nepal a protectorate like Bhutan. King Gyanendra's Honorary Royal ADC Late Bharat Keshar Simha also expressed the same during an interview with Jibram Bhandari on Sagarmatha TV.
Later life
![Gyanendra 01](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Gyanendra_01.jpg)
In an interview with News 24 TV channel in 2012, Gyanendra stated that he would return as the King of Nepal, although he did not state a particular time frame. When asked if he would consider becoming actively involved in politics, he said that he is not a politician. He also dismissed the need for a referendum on bringing the institution of monarchy back into power. He asserted that since the politicians had not asked the people by a referendum to abolish the institution, a referendum to bring him back was not needed.
Gyanendra also stated in the interview with News24 that a written agreement existed between the politicians and himself that the constitutional monarchy would be returned when he gave up his powers to the politicians and restored the Parliament that he had sacked.
On 8 July 2019, the former king's birthday was observed by thousands of Nepalese who marked the occasion by marching to his private residence at Nirmal Niwas Palace. The rally was organized by The Main Civilian Birthday Celebration Committee, however, the former king refused to give audience to the crowd as he didn't celebrate his birthday in public due to the demise of his relatives. Therefore, the visitors wrote birthday wishes on registers kept at the Nirmal Niwas Palace.
In July 2019, the former king summoned acclaimed political analyst
Surendra K.C. where the two discussed the current political environment of the nation. In an interview with Nepal Aaja, KC remarked that the former king did not show any active interest to return to the throne or into politics. However, KC did note that the former monarch showed great concerns for the condition of the Nepalese in times of economic turmoil and political suppression.
During a private party at Trisara restaurant in Durbarmarg, a picture taken of the former king dancing caused significant unrest and outcry, most notably from Maoist leader
Prachanda
Pushpa Kamal Dahal ( ne, पुष्पकमल दाहाल; born 11 December 1954), also widely known by his nom de guerre Prachanda (, ; meaning "fierce"), is a Nepalese politician serving as the current Prime Minister of Nepal. He pr ...
and Prime Minister
Oli. Critics and citizens alike condemned the remarks of the politicians criticizing the former king's private affairs.
Protest in Myagdi
Soon after news emerged of a ten-day personal visit to Parbat district in 2012, ten political parties of the district organized a corner assembly at Shibalaya Chowk of Kusmabazaar, and decided to protest against Gyanendra's visit. Leaders speaking at the corner assembly called on Gyanendra to stop his visit and also warned that they would obstruct his tour forcibly if he started it. Nevertheless, Gyanendra left for Pokhara. There was no protest on the first day. He walked in the rain through the general public for more than one kilometre. However, the scheduled visit of Gyanendra to Myagdi was cancelled following opposition from different political parties. He had planned to worship at various holy shrines in the district.
COVID-19
On 20 April 2021, the former king and queen tested positive for
COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was COVID-19 pandemic in Hubei, identified in Wuhan, China, in December ...
on their return from
India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
.
Wealth
Despite having all of the properties he inherited from his late brother
King Birendra
Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev ( ne, श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज वीरेन्द्र वीर विक्रम शाह देव ) (28 December 1945 – 1 June 2001) was the tenth Shah Ruler and the King of N ...
nationalized, the former king still retained all of his personal wealth prior to his enthronement. Having been a businessman, the former king is said to have inherited huge fortunes from his family members and still runs many lucrative businesses through investments and is widely believed to be worth hundreds of millions of dollars. His investment in Soaltee Hotel alone was estimated to be around $100 million in 2008 with a 40% stake.
Furthermore, the former king is reported to have 54% stake in Himalayan Goodricke Tea, 39% stake in Surya Nepal Tobacco, stakes in Annapurna Hotel which he inherited from aunt
Princess Helen, large tea plantations in
Itahari
Itahari ( ne, ईटहरी) is a Municipalities in Province No. 1, sub-metropolitan city in the Sunsari District of Province No. 1 of Nepal. Itahari city is business hub of eastern Nepal. It is the List of cities of Nepal, second most populous ...
, and stakes in Himal International Power Corporation, Jyoti spinning mill in
Birgunj
Birgunj ( ne, वीरगञ्ज) is a metropolitan city in Parsa District in Madhesh Province of southern Nepal. It lies south of the capital Kathmandu, attached in the north to Raxaul in the border of the Indian state of Bihar. As an entr ...
, Narayanghat brewery, a Toyota and Tata distributorship, Laxmi Rosin Turpentine Pvt Ltd, Bhotekoshi power company, Sipradi Trading Pvt Ltd, Gorkha Lawrie Pvt Ltd, Amaravati Pvt Ltd, an island in the
Maldives
Maldives (, ; dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖެ, translit=Dhivehi Raajje, ), officially the Republic of Maldives ( dv, ދިވެހިރާއްޖޭގެ ޖުމްހޫރިއްޔާ, translit=Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa, label=none, ), is an archipelag ...
and oil interests in
Nigeria
Nigeria ( ), , ig, Naìjíríyà, yo, Nàìjíríà, pcm, Naijá , ff, Naajeeriya, kcg, Naijeriya officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf o ...
.
Honours
; National orders
*
![Nepal Pratap Bhaskara](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/Nepal_Pratap_Bhaskara.svg)
Sovereign of the
Order of Nepal Pratap Bhaskara
*
![Ord](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Ord.Rajanya.Nepal-Ribbon.gif)
Sovereign of the
Order of Ojaswi Rajanya
The Most Glorious Order of Ojaswi Rajanya ( ne, Ojaswi Rajanyako Manapadvi) was an order of knighthood of Nepal. It was given to foreign heads of state, foreign or Nepalese monarchs.
History
The order was instituted on 14 May 1934 by King Trib ...
*
![Most Refulgent Order of the Star of Nepal](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Most_Refulgent_Order_of_the_Star_of_Nepal.PNG)
Sovereign of the
Order of Nepal Taradisha
*
![Ord](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Ord.TriShaktiPatta.png)
Sovereign of the
Order of Tri Shakti Patta
The Most Illustrious Order of Tri Shakti Patta ( ne, त्रिशक्ति पट्ट; Order of the Three Divine Powers) is an order of knighthood of the former Kingdom of Nepal. It is conferred on members of the Royal Family or Nepali citi ...
*
![Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Order_of_Gorkha_Dakshina_Bahu.svg)
Sovereign of the
Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu
The Most Puissant Order of the Gorkha Dakshina Bahu ( ne, गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु; Order of the Gurkha Right Arm ''or Hand'') was an order of knighthood of Nepal. It was one of the highest honors given traditionally by the ...
*
Most Glorious Mahendra Chain
* Birendra Chain (29 December 2002)
*
![King Mahendra Investiture Medal 1956](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/King_Mahendra_Investiture_Medal_1956.gif)
King Mahendra Investiture Medal (2 May 1956)
*
![King Birendra Investiture Medal 1975](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/King_Birendra_Investiture_Medal_1975.png)
King Birendra Investiture Medal (24 February 1975)
*
![King Birendra Silver Jubilee Medal (1997)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/King_Birendra_Silver_Jubilee_Medal_%281997%29.png)
Commemorative Silver Jubilee Medal of King Birendra (31 January 1997)
; Foreign orders
*:
** King Jigme Singye Investiture Medal (2 June 1974)
*:
** Grand Cross of the
National Order of Merit, ''2 May 1983''
*:
**
![GER Bundesverdienstkreuz 7 Grosskreuz](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/GER_Bundesverdienstkreuz_7_Grosskreuz.svg)
Knight Grand Cross
Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (german: Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, or , BVO) is the only federal decoration of Germany. It is awarded for special achievements in political, economic, cultural, intellect ...
, ''25 November 1996''
*:
**
![KoreanLabourRibbon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/KoreanLabourRibbon.jpg)
Member of the
Order of Korean Labour
Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to:
* Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood
* Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of ...
, ''1978''
*:
**
![Order of Diplomatic Service Merit (Class 1) Grand Gwanghwa Medal ribbon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Order_of_Diplomatic_Service_Merit_%28Class_1%29_Grand_Gwanghwa_Medal_ribbon.gif)
Grand Gwanghwa Medal (First Class) of the
Order of Diplomatic Service Merit
The Order of Diplomatic Service Merit (Hangul: 수교훈장) is one of South Korea's orders of merit. It is awarded by the President of South Korea for "outstanding meritorious services in the interest of enhancing national prestige and promoting ...
, ''1987''
*:
**
![NED Huisorde van Oranje A1 BAR](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/NED_Huisorde_van_Oranje_A1_BAR.png)
Grand Cross of the
Order of the House of Orange
The Order of the House of Orange (Dutch: ''Huisorde van Oranje''), sometimes referred to as the House Order of Orange, is a dynastic order of the House of Orange-Nassau, the royal family of the Netherlands similar to the Royal Victorian Order in ...
, ''25 April 1967''
**
![Order of the Golden Ark](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Order_of_the_Golden_Ark.png)
Commander of the
Order of the Golden Ark
The Most Excellent Order of the Golden Ark ( nl, Orde van de Gouden Ark) is a Dutch order of merit established in 1971 by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands. It is awarded to people for major contributions to nature conservation. Although not ...
, ''1987''
*:
**
Nishan-e-Imtiaz
The Nishan-e-Imtiaz (; ) is one of the state organized Civil decorations of Pakistan, civil decorations of Pakistan.
It is awarded for achievements towards world recognition for Pakistan or outstanding service for the country. However, the awa ...
, ''1970''
*:
**
![Spange des König-Abdulaziz-Ordens](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Spange_des_K%C3%B6nig-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png)
Member Special Class of
Order of King Abdulaziz
The Order of King Abdulaziz is a Saudi Arabian order of merit. The order was named after Abdulaziz Al Saud, founder of the modern Saudi state.
History
In 1971, the introduction of orders was announced in a decree. It was instituted by King Fais ...
, ''1983''
*:
**
![ESP Isabella Catholic Order GC](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/ESP_Isabella_Catholic_Order_GC.svg)
Knight Grand Cross of the
Order of Isabella the Catholic
The Order of Isabella the Catholic ( es, Orden de Isabel la Católica) is a Spanish civil order and honor granted to persons and institutions in recognition of extraordinary services to the homeland or the promotion of international relations a ...
, ''13 November 1987''
*:
** Knight Grand Cordon of the
Order of the White Elephant
__NOTOC__
The Most Exalted Order of the White Elephant ( th, เครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์อันเป็นที่เชิดชูยิ่งช้างเผือก; ) is an order (decoration), orde ...
, ''1979''
*:
** Knight Grand Cross of the
Order of St. Michael and St. George, ''1986''
*:
**
![Orden jugoslovenske zastave1(traka)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Orden_jugoslovenske_zastave1%28traka%29.png)
Sash of the
Order of the Yugoslav Star
The Order of the Yugoslav Star sr, Орден југословенске звезде, ''Orden jugoslovenske zvezde'' sl, Red jugoslovanske zvezde mk, Орден на југословенската ѕвезда, ''Orden na jugoslovenskata zvezda'' ...
1st Rank, ''2 February 1974''
Ancestry
References
External links
*
King of Nepal is stoned by crowd. BBC 16 February 2007*
Nepal News Feed - News Headlines
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gyanendra
1947 births
Living people
Nepalese anti-communists
Nepalese monarchs
Field marshals
Hindu monarchs
Pretenders
Child rulers from Asia
Rulers deposed as children
Tribhuvan University alumni
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Grand Cross of the Ordre national du Mérite
Grand Crosses of the Order of the House of Orange
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz
Nepalese Hindus
Shah dynasty
Modern child rulers
Monarchs who abdicated
People of the Nepalese Civil War