Gustav Schilling (musicologist)
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Friedrich Gustav Schilling (3 November 1805 – March 1880) was a German
musicologist Musicology (from Greek μουσική ''mousikē'' 'music' and -λογια ''-logia'', 'domain of study') is the scholarly analysis and research-based study of music. Musicology departments traditionally belong to the humanities, although some mu ...
, editor and
lexicographer Lexicography is the study of lexicons, and is divided into two separate academic disciplines. It is the art of compiling dictionaries. * Practical lexicography is the art or craft of compiling, writing and editing dictionaries. * Theoreti ...
.


Life

Born in , Schilling was the son of a cantor and village schoolteacher and performed as a pianist at the age of ten. From 1823, he attended the
University of Göttingen The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen, (german: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, known informally as Georgia Augusta) is a public research university in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Founded ...
, studied
theology Theology is the systematic study of the nature of the divine and, more broadly, of religious belief. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of analyzing the ...
there, and probably obtained a doctorate in philosophy. In 1826, he went to the
University of Halle Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (german: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg and the largest and oldest university i ...
, where he finished his studies. In 1830, he settled as a piano teacher in
Stuttgart Stuttgart (; Swabian: ; ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known as the ''Stuttgarter Kessel'' (Stuttgart Cauldron) and lies an hour from the ...
and became director of the music institute founded by Franz Stöpel. He published numerous books on music and music education, in which he advocated a value-conservative-classical view of art, according to which the "perfection of mankind" The standard of all art, connected with the popular educational ideal, was that music practice and music knowledge could be learned by all, if one only applied the right system. He became best known through the ''Encyclopädie der gesammten musikalischen Wissenschaften'' (1835-1838), which he edited and in which numerous important musicians and scholars of the time participated. In some of his writings he was already accused by his contemporaries of plagiat. For example, his main work ''Versuch einer Philosophie des Schönen in der Musik'' (1838) draws on Carl Seidel's ''Charinomos. Beiträge zur allgemeinen Theorie und Geschichte der schönen Künste'' (two volumes, Magdeburg 1825 and 1828). In part, he also plagiarised himself. In addition to plagiarism, contemporaries also criticised factual errors and unverified adoptions from other works in Schilling's encyclopaedias. The criticisms, among others by
Heinrich Dorn Heinrich Ludwig Egmont Dorn (14 November 1800 or 1804-10 January 1892) was a German conductor, composer, teacher, and journalist. He was born in Königsberg, where he studied piano, singing, and composition. Later, he studied in Berlin with Ludw ...
and
Carl Ferdinand Becker Karl Ferdinand Becker (17 July 1804 Leipzig – 26 October 1877 Plagwitz section of Leipzig), was a German writer on music, composer and an organist. Biography Becker was the son of physician and writer Gottfried Wilhelm Becker. He attended the ...
, resulted in public polemics, which were published in the ''
Neue Zeitschrift für Musik 'Die'' (; en, " heNew Journal of Music") is a music magazine, co-founded in Leipzig by Robert Schumann, his teacher and future father-in law Friedrich Wieck, and his close friend Ludwig Schuncke. Its first issue appeared on 3 April 1834. Histo ...
'' edited by
Robert Schumann Robert Schumann (; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. Schumann left the study of law, intending to pursue a career a ...
and in the ''Jahrbüchern des deutschen National-Vereins für Musik und ihre Wissenschaften'' edited by Schilling. In 1839, Schilling founded the "Deutscher National-Verein für Musik und ihre Wissenschaft" (German National Association for Music and its Science) and won the
Kassel Kassel (; in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel and the district of the same name and had 201,048 inhabitants in December 2020 ...
''
Kapellmeister (, also , ) from German ''Kapelle'' (chapel) and ''Meister'' (master)'','' literally "master of the chapel choir" designates the leader of an ensemble of musicians. Originally used to refer to somebody in charge of music in a chapel, the term ha ...
''
Louis Spohr Louis Spohr (, 5 April 178422 October 1859), baptized Ludewig Spohr, later often in the modern German form of the name Ludwig, was a German composer, violinist and conductor. Highly regarded during his lifetime, Spohr composed ten symphonies, ...
for the presidency. He became permanent secretary of this association and responsible editor of the ''Jahrbücher des Deutschen Nationalvereins für Musik und ihre Wissenschaft'', which appeared from 1839 to 1843. He fled Stuttgart on 1 April 1857, and travelled via
Liverpool Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the 10th largest English district by population and its metropolitan area is the fifth largest in the United Kingdom, with a popul ...
to the US, where he found shelter with one of his sons. He lived first in New York, then in Canada, and finally in Nebraska, on his son's farm. For debts amounting to 150,000 florins and forgery of bills of exchange, he was sentenced on 23 December 1862 "to a penal servitude of ten years." However, extradition to Germany failed. Schilling died in
Crete Crete ( el, Κρήτη, translit=, Modern: , Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and ...
,
Nebraska Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwe ...
.


Work

* ''De Revelatione divina''. Diss. phil., 1829 * ''Relatio affectuum ad summam facultatem cognoscendi''. Diss. phil., 1830 * ''Was ist Schuld an den heillosen Gährungen und Unruhen unserer Tage, und wodurch kann ihnen abgeholfen werden? Ein Wort seiner Zeit für Jedermann''. Stuttgart 1830 * ''Musikalisches Handwörterbuch nebst einigen vorangeschickten allgemeinen philosophisch-historischen Bemerkungen über die Tonkunst''. 1830 * ''Aesthetische Beleuchtung des Königlichen Hof-Theaters zu Stuttgart. Ein zeitgemäßes Wort an alle Theater-Direktionen, alle Künstler und das gesammte Kunst liebende Publikum''. Stuttgart 1832 * ''Briefe über die äußere Canzel-Beredtsamkeit oder die kirchliche Declamation und Action''. Stuttgart 1833; 2. verbesserte Auflage 1838
Erster Band, 1833Second volume, 1833
* ''Die Kunst der äusseren Kanzel-Beredtsamkeit, oder die Lehre von der kirchlichen Declamation und Action''. 2. Auflage. Stuttgart 1845
books.google.com
* ''Encyclopädie der gesammten musikalischen Wissenschaften, oder Universal-Lexicon der Tonkunst'', 6 Bände und ein Zusatzband, Stuttgart 1835–1838 (2nd edition 1840–1842)
Digitalisate GoogleDigitalisate Hathi Trust
** 1. volume, 1835, A – Bq () ** 2. volume, 1835, Braga – F-Moll () ** 3. volume, 1836, Fockerodt – Irland () ** 4. volume, 1837, Irregulärer Durchgang – Morin () ** 5. volume, 1837, Moritz – Ries () ** 6. volume, 1838, Riesenharfe – Zyka () ** Supplement-Band, 1842 () * ''Versuch einer Philosophie des Schönen in der Musik, oder Aesthetik der Tonkunst. Zugleich ein Supplement zu allen grösseren musikalischen Theorieen, und ein Hand- und Lesebuch für die Gebildeten aus allen Ständen zur Förderung eines guten Geschmacks in musikalischen Dingen''. Mainz 1838, * ''Allgemeine Generalbasslehre, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf angehende Musiker, Organisten und gebildete Dilettanten''. Darmstadt 1839
books.google.de
* ''Polyphonomos oder die Kunst, in sechsunddreißig Lectionen sich eine vollständige Kenntniß der musikalischen Harmonie zu erwerben. Ein Lehrbuch, zugleich zur Weckung und Förderung einer ächten musikalischen Bildung''. Stuttgart 1839, * ''Jahrbücher des Deutschen Nationalvereins für Musik und ihre Wissenschaft'', Karlsruhe 1839–1842
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** Jg. 1 (1839) ** Jg. 2 (1840) ** Jg. 3 (1841) ** Jg. 4 (1842) * ''Populäre Einleitung in die sämmtlichen Schriften des neuen Testaments für den gebildeten Christen jedes Standes und jeder Confession, besonders den Religionslehrer deutscher Volksschulen'', Reutlingen 1840 * ''Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Musikwissenschaft oder dessen, was Jeder, der Musik treibt oder lernen will, nothwendig wissen muß. Nach einer neuen Methode, zum Selbstunterricht, und als Leitfaden bei allen Arten von praktischem wie theoretischem Musikunterricht''. Karlsruhe 1840
books.google.de
* ''Geschichte der heutigen oder modernen Musik. In ihrem Zusammenhange mit der allgemeinen Welt- und Völkergeschichte''. Karlsruhe 1841, * ''Das Musikalische Europa, oder Sammlung von durchgehends authentischen Lebens-Nachrichten über jetzt in Europa lebende ausgezeichnete Tonkünstler, Musikgelehrte, Componisten, Virtuosen, Sänger &c. &c.'' Speyer 1842, * ''Leitfaden zum Unterrichte und zur eigenen Unterweisung in der Harmonielehre, insbesondere nach des Verfassers System derselben (Polyphonomos). In katechetischer Form bearbeitet''. Stuttgart 1842, * ''Der Pianist oder die Kunst der Clavierspiels in ihrem Gesammtumfange theoretisch-praktisch dargestellt''. Osterode 1843, * ''Musikalische Dynamik oder die Lehre vom Vortrage in der Musik''. Kassel 1843, * ''Geschichte des Hauses
Hohenzollern The House of Hohenzollern (, also , german: Haus Hohenzollern, , ro, Casa de Hohenzollern) is a German royal (and from 1871 to 1918, imperial) dynasty whose members were variously princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenb ...
in genealogisch fortlaufenden Biographien aller seiner Regenten von den ältesten bis auf die neuesten Zeiten. Nach Urkunden und andern authentischen Quellen'', Leipzig 184
(Numerized)
* ''
Franz Liszt Franz Liszt, in modern usage ''Liszt Ferenc'' . Liszt's Hungarian passport spelled his given name as "Ferencz". An orthographic reform of the Hungarian language in 1922 (which was 36 years after Liszt's death) changed the letter "cz" to simpl ...
. Sein Leben und Wirken, aus nächster Beschauung dargestellt''. Stuttgart 1844, * ''Sicherer Schlüssel zur Kunst der Clavier-Virtuosität''. Stuttgart 1844, * ''Musikalischer Autodidakt oder Anleitung zu vollständiger Kenntniss der musikalischen Harmonie durch Selbstunterricht''. 1846 * ''
Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical ...
-Album. Ein Gedenkbuch dankbarer Liebe und Verehrung für den grossen Toten, gestiftet und beschrieben von einem Vereine von Künstlern und Kunstfreunden aus Frankreich, England, Italien, Deutschland, Holland, Schweden, Ungarn und Russland''. Stuttgart o. J.
846 __NOTOC__ Year 846 ( DCCCXLVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Byzantine–Bulgarian War: The Bulgarians violate the peace treaty ...
* ''Musikalisches Conversations-Handwörterbuch, enthaltend die Erklärung sämmtlicher in das Bereich der theoretischen und praktischen Musik gehörender Gegenstände, Kunstausdrucke, Schriftzeichen &: für Künstler und Dilettanten, Sänger und Instrumentalisten, Lehrer und Lernende der Musik''. Stuttgart 1849 * ''Musikalische Didaktik oder die Kunst des Unterrichts in der Musik. Ein nothwendiges Hand- und Hülfsbuch für alle Lehrer und Lernende der Musik, Erzieher, Schulversteher, Organisten, Volksschullehrer etc.'' Eisleben 1851, * ''Allgemeine Volksmusiklehre oder didaktische Darstellung alles dessen, was der Musikunterricht in sämmtlichen Schulen, von den Gymnasien und höheren Töchterschulen an bis herab zur geringsten Dorfschule, sowie in den verschiedenen dilettantischen Vereinen, als Liedertafeln, Liederkränzen, Harmonien &c. &c. zur Erreichung seines eigentlichen Bildungszwecks notwendig zu lehren hat''. Augsburg 1852, * Der Ocean, oder physisch-geographisch-historische Beschreibung des Weltmeers und seiner einzelnen Theile, Stuttgart Verlags-Burea
18451849


Works under the pseudonym "Dr. G. Penny"

* ''Guido. Eine Erzählung nach dem Leben'', 2 volumes, 1832Schilling lüftete das Pseudonym „Dr. G. Penny“ in seinem ''Versuch einer Philosophie des Schönen in der Musik…'', Mainz 1838, . * ''
Peter Joseph von Lindpaintner Peter Josef von Lindpaintner (8 December 1791 – 21 August 1856) was a German composer and conductor. Born in Koblenz as the son of a tenor, he studied with Peter Winter and Joseph Graetz. From 1819 onwards he was based in Stuttgart. Some of ...
'', in ''Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung'', Jg. 37, No. 40, 7 October 1835, and No. 41, 14 October 1835, * ''Deutschlands schöne Literatur der Gegenwart und Zukunft. Eine Rede an das gesammte deutsche Lese-Publicum'', Reutlingen 1836 * ''Wegweiser durch Göttingen und seine Umgegend'', Stuttgart 1837 (''Taschenbibliothek für Reisende auf Eisenbahnetth-century musicologistsh-century musicologistsn, Dampfschiffen und Eilwägen'', vol. 8)


References


Further reading

* * ''Der Deutsche Pionier'', Erinnerungen aus dem Pionier-Leben der Deutschen in Amerika. Elfter Jahrgang, ; hdl:2027/nyp.33433019536881 *
Annegret Rosenmüller Annegret Rosenmüller (born 31 August 1967) is a German musicologist. Life Born in Neubrandenburg, Rosenmüller studied musicology, and art history at the University of Leipzig from 1989 to 1994. From 1995 to 2000, she continued her studies at ...
: ''Carl Ferdinand Becker (1804–1877). Studien zu Leben und Werk'' (''Musikstadt Leipzig'', vol. 4), Hamburg 2000, here . * Andreas Münzmay: ''Von Systemanspruch, Volksbildung und Schönheit der Bewegung - Ansätze zur kulturellen Verortung Gustav Schillings''. In ''Musik in Baden-Württemberg'', vol. 17 (Jahrbuch 2010), Strube-Verlag, Munich, .
Schilling, Gustav
on mgg-online


External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Schilling, Gustav 19th-century German musicologists German music educators 19th-century German writers 19th-century German male writers German lexicographers German emigrants to the United States 1805 births 1880 deaths People from Osterode am Harz 19th-century lexicographers