''Guraleus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Mangeliidae Mangeliidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea. Bouchet, P. (2011). Mangeliidae P. Fischer, 1883. In: MolluscaBase (2016). Accessed through: World Regis ...

Description

The thin shell is fusiform or subcylindrical. The colour ranges from uniform buff, with or without chocolate spiral lines or bands, to entire chocolate. The

protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called ...

consists of two or three smooth helicoid

whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral ...

s. Fasciole don't interrupt the

sculpture Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. Sculpture is the three-dimensional art work which is physically presented in the dimensions of height, width and depth. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sc ...

, and are scarcely indicated by the curvature of growth lines. Sculpture :—The radials vary from bold spaced ribs projecting at the shoulder to fine close riblets. The entire shell, except the protoconch, is overrun with fine, close, beaded or unbeaded threads. The

aperture In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels. More specifically, the aperture and focal length of an optical system determine the cone angle of a bundle of rays that come to a focus in the image plane. An opt ...

measures about half the length of the shell, with or without armature. The outer lip is slightly inflected. The sinus is subsutural, deeply rounded. The

siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water is ...

is short and open.

Distribution

This genus of marine species occurs off

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

(Indonesia) and Australia (

New South Wales ) , nickname = , image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , es ...

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...

Tasmania ) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdi ...

, Victoria,

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...

). One species, ''

Guraleus amplexus ''Guraleus amplexus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Gofas, S. (2010). Guraleus amplexus. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.or ...

'', occurs off

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

, another, ''

Guraleus kamakuranus ''Guraleus kamakuranus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Marshall, B. (2017). Guraleus kamakuranus (Pilsbry, 1904). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ht ...

'' off Japan and Korea.

Species

According to the

World Register of Marine Species The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a taxonomic database that aims to provide an authoritative and comprehensive list of names of marine organisms. Content The content of the registry is edited and maintained by scientific specialist ...

(WoRMS) the following species with valid names are included within the genus ''Guraleus'' : * ''

Guraleus alucinans ''Guraleus alucinans'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2009). Guraleus alucinans (G. B. Sowerby III, 1896). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at htt ...

'' (Sowerby III, 1896) * ''

'' (Gould, 1860) * ''

Guraleus anisus ''Guraleus anisus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2009). Guraleus anisus (Cotton, 1947). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespe ...

'' (Cotton, 1947) * ''

Guraleus asper ''Guraleus asper'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2009). Guraleus asper Laseron, 1954. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecie ...

'' Laseron, 1954 * ''

Guraleus australis ''Guraleus australis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2009). Guraleus australis (Adams & Angas, 1864). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http:// ...

'' (Adams & Angas, 1864) * ''

Guraleus bordaensis ''Guraleus bordaensis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2009). Guraleus bordaensis Cotton, 1947. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.mar ...

'' Cotton, 1947 * ''

Guraleus brazieri ''Guraleus brazieri'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae Mangeliidae is a monophyletic family of small to medium-sized, predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea ...

'' (Angas, 1871) * ''

Guraleus colmani ''Guraleus colmani'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2009). Guraleus colmani Shuto, 1983. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespec ...

'' Shuto, 1983 * ''

Guraleus cuspis ''Guraleus cuspis'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2009). Guraleus cuspis (G. B. Sowerby III, 1896). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://ww ...

'' (Sowerby III, 1896) * '' Guraleus delicatulus'' (Tenison-Woods, 1879) * '' Guraleus deshayesii'' (Dunker, 1860) * '' Guraleus diacritus'' Cotton, 1947 * † '' Guraleus dubius'' Maxwell, 1992 * '' Guraleus fallaciosa'' (Sowerby III, 1896): mentioned in OBIS as ''Guraleus'' (''Guraleus'') ''fallaciosus'' (Sowerby, 1897) OBIS : ''Guraleus'' (''Guraleus'') ''fallaciosus''
/ref> * '' Guraleus fascinus'' Hedley, 1922 * '' Guraleus flaccidus'' (Pritchard & Gatliff, 1899): * ''

Guraleus flavescens ''Guraleus flavescens'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2009). Guraleus flavescens (Angas, 1877). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.ma ...

'' (Angas, 1877) * '' Guraleus florus'' Cotton, 1947 * '' Guraleus fossa'' Laseron, 1954 * '' Guraleus halmahericus'' (Schepman, 1913) * ''

Guraleus himerodes ''Guraleus himerodes'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. Description The length of the shell attains 6.5 mm, its diameter 2.5 mm. (Original description) A pure white, extremely delicate ...

'' (Melvill & Standen, 1896) * ''

Guraleus incrusta ''Guraleus incrusta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.WoRMS (2009). Guraleus incrusta (Tenison-Woods, 1877). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://ww ...

'' (Tenison-Woods, 1877) * '' Guraleus jacksonensis'' (Angas, 1877) * ''

'' (Pilsbry, 1904) * ''

Guraleus lallemantianus ''Guraleus lallemantianus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Marshall, B. (2015). Guraleus lallemantianus (Crosse & Fischer, 1865). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marin ...

'' (Crosse & Fischer, 1865) * '' Guraleus mitralis'' (Adams & Angas, 1864) * '' Guraleus nanus'' Laseron, 1954 * ''

Guraleus ornatus ''Guraleus ornatus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Marshall, B. (2015). Guraleus ornatus (G. B. Sowerby III, 1896). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at ...

'' (Sowerby III, 1896) * ''

Guraleus pictus ''Guraleus pictus'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Marshall, B. (2015). Guraleus pictus (A. Adams & Angas, 1864). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at htt ...

'' (Adams & Angas, 1864) * '' Guraleus savuensis'' (Schepman, 1913) * '' Guraleus semicarinatus'' (H.A. Pilsbry, 1904) * '' Guraleus tabatensis'' (Tokunaga, 1906) * '' Guraleus tasmanicus'' (Tenison-Woods, 1876) * '' Guraleus tasmantis'' Laseron, 1954 * '' Guraleus thornleyanus'' (Laseron, 1954) * '' Guraleus tokunagae'' (Finlay, 1926) * '' Guraleus verhoeffeni'' (Martens, 1904) * '' Guraleus wilesianus'' Hedley, 1922 ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Guraleus bellus'' (Adams, A. & G.F. Angas, 1864): synonym of '' Antiguraleus adcocki'' (G. B. Sowerby III, 1896) * ''Guraleus comptus'' (Adams & Angas, 1864): synonym of ''

Marita compta ''Marita compta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2014). Marita compta (A. Adams & Angas, 1864). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Sp ...

'' (A. Adams & Angas, 1864) * ''Guraleus costatus'' Hedley, 1922: synonym of '' Antiguraleus costatus'' (Hedley, 1922) * † ''Guraleus cuspidatus'' Chapple, 1934: synonym of † '' Pleurotomella cuspidata'' (Chapple, 1934) * ''Guraleus inornatus'' (Sowerby, 1897): synonym of '' Marita inornata'' (Sowerby III, 1896) * ''Guraleus insculptus'' (Adams & Angas, 1864): synonym of ''

Marita insculpta ''Marita insculpta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae.Bouchet, P. (2017). Marita insculpta (A. Adams & Angas, 1864). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at htt ...

'' (Adams & Angas, 1864) * ''Guraleus letouneuxianus'' Crosse and Fischer, 1865: synonym of '' Turrella letourneuxiana'' (Crosse and Fischer, 1865) * ''Guraleus morologus'' Hedley, 1922: synonym of '' Turrella morologus'' (Hedley, 1922) * ''Guraleus nitidus'' Hedley, 1922 : synonym of '' Marita nitidus'' (Hedley, 1922) * ''Guraleus permutatus'' Hedley, 1922 : synonym of '' Antiguraleus permutatus'' (Hedley, 1922) * ''Guraleus pulchripicta'' (Melvill & Standen, 1901): synonym of '' Lienardia pulchripictus'' (Melvill & Standen, 1901) * ''Guraleus schoutenensis'' May, 1901: synonym of '' Marita schoutenensis'' (May, 1911) * ''Guraleus vulgata'' (J.Thiele, 1925);: synonym of ''

Mangelia vulgata ''Mangelia vulgata'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. This is a taxon inquirendum. Description The length of the shell attains 5 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs off Western Sum ...

'' J. Thiele, 1925 (

taxon inquirendum In biological classification, a ''species inquirenda'' is a species of doubtful identity requiring further investigation. The use of the term in English-language biological literature dates back to at least the early nineteenth century. The term t ...

)

References

Hedley C. 1922. A revision of the Australian Turridae. Records of the Australian Museum 13(6): 213-359

External links

Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011) A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273-308.

Powell, Arthur William Baden. "The Australian Tertiary Mollusca of the Family Turridae." Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 3.1 (1944): 3-68.

Tucker, J.K. 2004 ''Catalog of recent and fossil turrids (Mollusca: Gastropoda)''. Zootaxa 682:1-1295
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5228611 Gastropod genera