Gunji Koizumi

, known affectionately by colleagues as G.K., was a Japanese master of judo who introduced this martial art to the United Kingdom,Budokwai: The history of the Budokwai
(c. 2005). Retrieved on 25 February 2010. and came to be known as the 'Father of British Judo.'British Judo Association: How do I start?
(2003). Retrieved on 25 February 2010. He was the founder of the Budokwai, a pioneering Japanese martial arts society in England.Walker, S. (c. 2005)
Gunji Koizumi (1885–1965)
Retrieved on 25 February 2010. Koizumi helped establish the British Judo Association, and founded the European Judo Union. He held the rank of 8th ''dan'' in judo. Koizumi's apparent suicide in 1965 shocked the worldwide judo community.

Early life

Koizumi was born on 8 July 1885 in the village of Komatsuka Oaza (around 20 miles north of Tokyo at that time; the entire area is now part of Inashiki, Ibaraki) in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. He was the younger son of a tenant farmer, Shukichi Koizumi, and his wife, Katsu. Koizumi had an elder brother, Chiyokichi, and a younger sister, Iku. In 1897, aged 12, Koizumi began training in the art of kendo at school. Koizumi also began learning English from a neighbour who had been to America.

As the younger son in the family, he had the options of starting his own farm or being adopted into a family without a male heir (a Japanese custom); he disliked both options. In July 1900, shortly before he turned 15, he left home to seek his fortune in Tokyo, where he enrolled as a trainee telegrapher under a government scheme. In 1901, he started practising jujutsu under Tago Nobushige at the Tenjin Shinyo-ryu. Once qualified as a telegrapher he worked for a while in Tokyo before taking a job on the railways in Korea. In 1904, he trained under Yamada Nobukatsu, a former samurai. By now, Koizumi had decided that he wanted to study electricity, and that the best place to do so was in the United States of America. He travelled through Shanghai, Hong Kong, Singapore, and India, working as he went. While in Singapore in 1905, he trained under Tsunejiro Akishima.

United Kingdom

On 4 May 1906, Koizumi arrived in Mostyn, North Wales, aboard the SS ''Romsford''. He then travelled to Liverpool, where he took up the post of instructor at the Kara Ashikaga School of Jujitsu. He then travelled south to London, where he collaborated with former Bartitsu Club instructor Sadakazu Uyenishi, who was operating his own jujitsu school in Piccadilly Circus. During this period, Koizumi also taught jujitsu at the London Polytechnic and for the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve.Koizumi, G. (1960): ''My study of Judo: The principles and the technical fundamentals'' (pp. 17–18). New York: Sterling. After several months, he set off for New York, arriving in May 1907. He secured work in the Newark Public Service Railway Company. After a few years, dissatisfied with life in the USA, he returned to England. He tried to start an electric lighting company in Vauxhall Road, London, but lacked sufficient funds. In January 1912, he set up a lacquer ware studio in Ebury Street, London.

In 1918, at his own expense, Koizumi established a society in London called the Budokwai (Way of Knighthood Society). The Budokwai offered tuition in jujutsu, kendo, and other Japanese arts to the British people. Koizumi secured a location in Lower Grosvenor Place, along the back wall of Buckingham Palace, and the Budokwai's premises opened on 26 January 1918.

In 1919, Koizumi helped establish the Kyosai Kai, a society that aimed to provide medical, employment, and housing assistance to Japanese people in England. Koizumi served as General Secretary of this organisation, which was based in the Budokwai's premises. In July 1920, Jigoro Kano, founder of the Kodokan, visited the Budokwai while on his way to the Olympic Games in Antwerp. After some discussion, Koizumi and Yukio Tani (another Budokwai instructor) agreed to change to the judo system, and Kano awarded them 2nd ''dan'' judo certifications.

In 1922, Koizumi, an expert in Oriental lacquerware, was appointed as a consultant to the Victoria and Albert Museum—and later catalogued the museum's entire lacquerware collection. Koizumi's book, ''Lacquer work: A practical exposition of the art of lacquering together with valuable notes for the collector'', was published in 1923.Koizumi, G. (1923): ''Lacquer work: A practical exposition of the art of lacquering together with valuable notes for the collector''. London: Pitman. In 1932, he was promoted to 4th ''dan'' in judo.Budokwai: Past personalities
(c. 2005). Retrieved on 26 February 2010.

Through World War II, judo training continued at the Budokwai, but at great financial cost to Koizumi. Biographer Richard Bowen notes that, unusually, "Koizumi was not interned and indeed suffered no restrictions" during this time (p. 319).
In 1947 Koizumi organized with his friend Mikinosuke Kawaishi the first ever-recorded Judo International tournament between two countries (UK and France) known as the ''Kawaishi Cup''.
In 1948, Koizumi was promoted to 6th ''dan'' in judo. He helped establish the British Judo Association on 24 July 1948.British Judo Association: History
(2003). Retrieved on 25 February 2010. He served as the association's inaugural President. By the end of the decade, he had retired from business and had turned his full attention to teaching judo in the UK. In 1951, he attained the rank of 7th ''dan'' in judo.

Koizumi was married and had a daughter named Hana,Bowen, R. (2000)

''Journal of Combative Sport Science'' (February 2000). Retrieved on 26 February 2010. who later married Percy Sekine, one of Koizumi's judo students.British Judo Council: The history of Judo
(c. 2004). Retrieved on 26 February 2010.

Later life

On 19 September 1954, the Budokwai moved to new, larger premises; shortly after this, Koizumi returned to Japan for the first time in 50 years. His sister, relatives, and a Kodokan delegation led by its president, Risei Kano (one of Jigoro Kano's sons), received him at the airport. The Kodokan treated him as an honoured guest. After his visit, Koizumi returned to the UK, and continued promoting judo, with visits to many UK locations (including Derby Judo Club in 1958). Koizumi wrote some books on judo, including ''Judo: The basic technical principles and exercises, supplemented with contest rules and grading syllabus'' (1958)Koizumi, G. (1958): ''Judo: The basic technical principles and exercises, supplemented with contest rules and grading syllabus''. Berkshire, UK: Foulsham. and ''My study of Judo: The principles and the technical fundamentals'' (1960).Koizumi, G. (1960): ''My study of Judo: The principles and the technical fundamentals''. New York: Sterling. He continued teaching judo throughout the early 1960s.

The night before Koizumi died, Charles Palmer (one of Koizumi's students) sensed that something was amiss—'' Black Belt'' magazine correspondent Kei Tsumura relates that "instead of his oizumi'susual smiling 'good-night', he shook his almer'shand and said 'good-bye'" (p. 50). On 15 April 1965, Koizumi apparently committed suicide. He was found wearing his best suit, reportedly with a plastic bag over his head, sitting in his favourite chair beside the gas stove in his house at Putney. He left a very small estate valued at only £288."KOIZUMI Gunji of 1 Carmalt Gardens Putney London died 15 April 1965" in ''Wills and Administrations 1966 (England and Wales)'' (1967), p. 524

Koizumi's death shocked the worldwide judo community, and caused much controversy. Some considered his suicide dishonourable, while others argued that his death mirrored those of honourable samurai. Grant (1965) indicated that he had been promoted to 8th ''dan'' before he died, but Fromm and Soames (1982) stated that the Kodokan promoted him to 8th ''dan'' posthumously.

See also

* Judo in the United Kingdom
* Bartitsu
* Edward William Barton-Wright
* Kenshiro Abbe
* List of judoka

References

External links

The Budokwai

Kodokan Judo Institute

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koizumi, Gunji
1885 births
1965 suicides
British male judoka
Japanese male judoka
Japanese jujutsuka
Judoka trainers
Martial arts school founders
Martial arts writers
People from Ibaraki Prefecture
Sportspeople from London
Suicides by asphyxiation
Suicides in London
20th-century philanthropists