Guillermo Fariñas Hernández (born 3 January 1962) ("El Coco") is a Cuban doctor of psychology, independent journalist
and political dissident in
Cuba
Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
. He has conducted 23
hunger strike
A hunger strike is a method of non-violent resistance in which participants fast as an act of political protest, or to provoke a feeling of guilt in others, usually with the objective to achieve a specific goal, such as a policy change. Most ...
s over the years to protest various elements of the Cuban government
and spent more than 11 years in prison.
He vowed that he would die in the struggle against
censorship in Cuba.
Early life
Fariñas was born in
Santa Clara. Fariñas's father,
Guillermo Fariñas Key, had been part of the Cuban military forces, and fought in the Congo under
in the 1960s. After completing ninth grade, he too began to study in the Camilo Cienfuegos military school, after which he went to Havana as a precadet in the
Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces
The Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces ( es, Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias; FAR) are the military forces of Cuba. They include ground forces, naval forces, air and air defence forces, and other paramilitary bodies including the Territorial T ...
, where he studied intelligence and counterintelligence with the special forces. Fariñas formed part of the unit sent to guard the Peruvian embassy during the
Mariel Boatlift
The Mariel boatlift () was a mass emigration of Cubans who traveled from Cuba's Mariel Harbor to the United States between 15 April and 31 October 1980. The term "" (plural "Marielitos") is used to refer to these refugees in both Spanish and E ...
.
Fariñas underwent special forces training with Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese trainers. In 1980, he was deployed to
Angola
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, where he fought under Colonel Antonio Enrique Luzon. As a special forces soldier in the Commandos for Demolition, Penetration, and Sabotage, he participated in eleven missions into the UNITA rearguard, for which he received military decorations. He received two bullet wounds. In 1981, Fariñas went to the U.S.S.R. to Tambov where he studied at the Airborne Academy but, due to official negligence, suffered exposure to a chemical nerve agent that damaged his health to the point that he had to be discharged from the army.
In 1983, he began studying in the Department of Psychology in the ''Universidad Central de las Villas''. In 1986 he was nearly expelled for being part of a Freudian group which was considered sympathetic to
Perestroika and
Glasnost. He graduated in 1988. Unable to become a psychology professor because he was considered politically unreliable, Fariñas began working as a clinical psychologist in
Camajuaní
Camajuaní is a municipality and town in the Villa Clara Province of Cuba.
History
In 1819 was decided the construction of a new port in near Caibarién to replace an old one located in Tesisco. From that moment, settlers established in the su ...
. He was the Secretary General of the
Young Communist League
The Young Communist League (YCL) is the name used by the youth wing of various Communist parties around the world. The name YCL of XXX (name of country) originates from the precedent established by the Communist Youth International.
Examples of Y ...
. When he opposed the execution of
Arnaldo Ochoa Sánchez, he was expelled from his clinic and lost his membership in the Communist Youth League.
He was transferred to the José Martí Pediatric Hospital in
Sancti Spíritus
Sancti Spíritus () is a municipality and capital city of the province of Sancti Spíritus Province, Sancti Spíritus in central Cuba and one of the oldest Cuban European settlements. Sancti Spíritus is the genitive case of Latin language, Lat ...
, where he established the mental health ward and adolescent clinic. Nevertheless, he was denied housing for not being politically reliable.
In 1993, he called on Fidel Castro in front of the foreign press to fulfill his promise to reopen the Pedro Borrás Pediatric Hospital in Havana. He was elected General Secretary of Healthcare Workers' Union.
In 1995, Fariñas was sent to the Valle Grande jail in Havana for 20 months. According to Fariñas, this was because he had denounced the corruption of the director of the hospital where he worked, a Central Committee member, to the National Revolutionary Police Force, and as a result was accused of various false crimes, including illegal possession of arms.
State media, on the other hand, claim that he went to jail after physically attacking a woman, an official from the health institution where he worked as a psychologist. In 1997, he was condemned to a further 18 months of confinement, during which he undertook a strike on eating solid food.
In 2002, he was attacked by a State Security agent and condemned to seven years of confinement, but after undertaking a fourteen-month hunger strike he was released.
In a 2007 interview with Harper's magazine ("The Battle of Ideas"), Fariñas described State Security officers detaining him in Santa Clara, forcibly committing him to a psychiatric hospital ward overnight, and supervising his injection with unknown drugs.
2006 hunger strike
In 2006, Fariñas held a seven-month hunger strike to protest against the
Internet censorship
Internet censorship is the legal control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet. Censorship is most often applied to specific internet domains (such as Wikipedia.org) but exceptionally may extend to all Int ...
in Cuba, in particular the closure of the ''Ciber Cafe'' in Santa Clara by State Security forces.
He ended it in Autumn 2006, due to severe health problems.
His acts received worldwide attention and
Reporters Without Borders awarded its cyber-freedom prize to Guillermo Fariñas in 2006. He also received the International Human Rights Award at Weimar.
2010 hunger strike
On February 26, 2010, Fariñas declared yet another hunger strike to protest the death of fellow dissident
Orlando Zapata Tamayo. He has indicated that he will remain on strike until twenty-six other prisoners of conscience who are seriously ill are set free.
In July, he ended the protest after Raul Castro, the Cuban president, approved the release of 52 prisoners of conscience.
Cuban government response
The Cuban state newspaper ''
Granma'' stated that Fariñas's legal troubles began "because of a physical altercation with a female co-worker - not politics" and described him as "a paid agent of the United States" and employee of the
U.S. Interests Section.
On July 8, 2010, Fariñas ended his 134-day hunger strike Thursday, following signs the communist government is making good on its promise to release 52 political prisoners.
2010 Sakharov Prize
On 20 October 2010, Fariñas was awarded the
Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought by the European Parliament.
In presenting the award the parliament commended Fariñas saying that he was a "symbol of the fight for freedom of speech". This marks the third time that the award has been made to Cuban dissidents.
In December 2010, the Cuban government denied Fariñas an
exit visa
A visa (from the Latin ''charta visa'', meaning "paper that has been seen") is a conditional authorization granted by a polity to a foreigner that allows them to enter, remain within, or leave its territory. Visas typically include limits on ...
necessary to travel to Strasbourg to accept the award. In response the European Parliament said that it would have an empty chair to represent him at the ceremony. Fariñas said, "I believe that the Cuban government has shown over the years that it is behaving in an arrogant manner."
In 2013, the travel ban was lifted and Fariñas finally received his Prize.
2011 hunger strike
On 3 June 2011, Fariñas declared his hunger strike to protest the Cuban authorities' response to fellow dissident
Juan Wilfredo Soto García's death. Fariñas called for those responsible for the reported police beating three days before Soto died in a Santa Clara hospital to be brought to justice. He also demanded for the Cuban government to stop using violent means in its approach to non-violent opposition.
2012 detention
On 24 July 2012, he was one of dozens of activists arrested in Havana at the funeral of dissident
Oswaldo Payá
Oswaldo Payá Sardiñas (29 February 1952 – 22 July 2012) was a Cuban political activist. A Roman Catholic, he founded the Christian Liberation Movement in 1987 to oppose the one-party rule of the Cuban Communist Party. He attracted in ...
.
Amnesty International and the U.S. criticized the arrests, with the
White House
The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. It is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., and has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams in ...
describing them as "a stark demonstration of the climate of repression in Cuba." The dissidents were freed the following day.
2016 hunger strike
In 2016, Fariñas and other members of the opposition organization ''Patriotic Union of Cuba'' (UNPACU) protested against the increasingly violent repression of dissidents and activists.
Personal life
Fariñas has a wife, Clara, and a daughter.
References
External links
Biography by CIDOB(in Spanish)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Farinas, Guillermo
1962 births
Living people
Cuban democracy activists
Cuban dissidents
Cuban human rights activists
Cuban journalists
Cuban military personnel of the Angolan Civil War
Cuban psychologists
Hunger strikers
Male journalists
Nonviolence advocates
Opposition to Fidel Castro
People from Santa Clara, Cuba
Sakharov Prize laureates