''Guildfordia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

sea snail Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...

marine Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean. Marine or marines may refer to: Ocean * Maritime (disambiguation) * Marine art * Marine biology * Marine debris * Marine habitats * Marine life * Marine pollution Military * ...

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusk Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is e ...

s in the

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Turbinidae, the turban snails.

Description

The imperforate shell is wheel-shaped. It is low-conic and granulose above, convex below. The periphery is armed with long slender radiating spines, which are concealed at the sutures. The operculum is flat, with a subobsolete arcuate rib outside. The central tooth of the

radula The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food ...

has no cusps.

Distribution

This marine genus occurs off the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

, Indo-China, Indo-Malaysia,

Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...

, Eastern Indian Ocean,

Oceania Oceania (, , ) is a region, geographical region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern Hemisphere, Eastern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of ...

, and off Australia (

Northern Territory The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory ...

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...

Species

Species within the genus ''Guildfordia'' include: * ''

Guildfordia aculeata ''Guildfordia aculeata'' , common name the aculeate star turban, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 35 mm and 60 mm. D ...

'' Kosuge, 1979 - Aculeate Star Turban * † ''

Guildfordia hendersoni ''Guildfordia hendersoni'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), a ...

'' (Marwick, 1934) * † ''

Guildfordia megapex ''Guildfordia megapex'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affi ...

'' (Beu, 1970) * † ''

Guildfordia ostarrichi ''Guildfordia ostarrichi'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), a ...

'' Pacaud, 2017 * ''

Guildfordia radians ''Guildfordia radians'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution This marine species occurs off Papua New Guinea and Western Australia. References Further reading * Dekk ...

'' Dekker, 2008 * † ''

Guildfordia subfimbriata ''Guildfordia subfimbriata'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk, in the family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), ...

'' (Suter, 1917) * ''

Guildfordia superba ''Guildfordia superba'', common name the ''superb star turban'', is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell attains 80 mm. Distribution This marin ...

'' Poppe, Tagaro & Dekker, 2005 - Superb Star Turban * ''

Guildfordia triumphans ''Guildfordia triumphans'', common name the triumphant star turban, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Description The size of the shell varies between 35 mm ...

'' (Philippi, 1841) - Triumphant Star Turban * ''

Guildfordia yoka ''Guildfordia yoka'', the yoka star turban, is a species of deep-water sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Turbinidae, the turban snails. Distribution and habitat This tropical marine species occurs in the Western Pacific off Ja ...

'' Jousseaume, 1888 - Yoka Star Turban ;Species brought into synonymy: * ''Guildfordia delicata'' Habe & Okutani, 1983: synonym of ''Guildfordia yoka'' Jousseaume, 1888 * ''Guildfordia gloriosa'' Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961: synonym of '' Bolma henica'' (Watson, 1885) * ''Guildfordia heliophorus'' Gray: synonym of ''

Astraea heliotropium ''Astraea heliotropium'', common name the sunburst star turban or the circular saw shell, is a large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc of the family Turbinidae, the turbans and star snails.WoRMS (2010). ''Astraea heliotropium'' (Martyn, 1784 ...

'' (Martyn, 1784) * ''Guildfordia kurzi'' Petuch, 1980 - Kurz's Star Turban: synonym of ''Guildfordia aculeata'' Kosuge, 1979 * ''Guildfordia tagaroae'' Alf & Kreipl, 2006: synonym of ''Guildfordia aculeata'' Kosuge, 1979 ;Taxon inquirendum: * ''Guildfordia monilifera'' (Hedley & Willey, 1896) (possibly a synonym of ''Guildfordia aculeata'')

References

* Marwick, J. (1934) Some New Zealand Tertiary Mollusca. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 21, 10–21, 2 pls. * Beu, A. G. (1970). Descriptions of new species and notes on taxonomy of New Zealand Mollusca. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Earth Science. 7: 113-136 * Alf A. & Kreipl K. (2011) The family Turbinidae. Subfamilies Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 and Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990. In: G.T. Poppe & K. Groh (eds), A Conchological Iconography. Hackenheim: Conchbooks. pp. 1–82, pls 104-245

External links

Gray J.E. (1850). [text
In: Gray, M. E., Figures of molluscous animals, selected from various authors. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London. Vol. 4, iv + 219 pp. (August) [Frontispiece (portrait of Mrs. Gray); pp. ii–iv (preface); 1–62 (explanation of plates 1–312 in Volumes 1–3); pp. 63–124 (systematic arrangement of figures); 127–219 (reprint of Gray 1847)]
Fischer P. (1873-1879). [continuation of Kiener] Spécies général et iconographie des coquilles vivantes. Volume 10, Famille des Turbinacées. Genre Turbo (Turbo), pp. i-iv + 1-128 (1873), pls 1, 28, 44-49, 53-54, 57-120. Volume 11, Genres Troque (Trochus, including Calcar), pp. 1–96, pls 37-86 (1875); 97-144 (1876); 145-240 (1877); 241-336 (1878); 337-423, Xenophora pp. 424–450, Tectarius pp. 451–459, Risella pp. 460–463, Index 464-480 (1879).

* [http://, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00854.x Williams, S.T. (2007). ''Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae).'' Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592] {{Commons category Guildfordia, Turbinidae Gastropod genera