Guangxi (; ;
alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), is an
autonomous region of the
People's Republic of China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, sli ...
, located in
South China and bordering
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it ...
(
Hà Giang,
Cao Bằng,
Lạng Sơn, and
Quảng Ninh Provinces) and the
Gulf of Tonkin. Formerly a
province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman ''provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outsi ...
, Guangxi became an autonomous region in 1958. Its current capital is
Nanning.
Guangxi's location, in mountainous terrain in the far south of China, has placed it on the frontier of Chinese civilization throughout much of
Chinese history
The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC, from the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC), during the reign of king Wu Ding. Ancient historical texts such as the '' Book of Documents'' (early chapte ...
. The current name "Guang" means "expanse" and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in 226 AD. It was given
provincial level status during the
Yuan dynasty, but even into the 20th century, it was considered an open, wild territory. The abbreviation of the region is "" (
Hanyu pinyin: ; Zhuang: ), which comes from the name of the city of
Guilin
Guilin (Standard Zhuang: ''Gveilinz''; alternatively romanized as Kweilin) is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the n ...
, the provincial capital during both the
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
and the
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
.
Guangxi contains the largest population of China's ethnic minorities after
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the ...
, in particular, the
Zhuang people
The Zhuang (; ; za, Bouxcuengh, italic=yes; ) are a Tai-speaking ethnic group who mostly live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southern China. Some also live in the Yunnan, Guangdong, Guizhou, and Hunan provinces. They form one ...
, who make up 32% of the population. Various regional languages and dialects such as
Pinghua,
Zhuang,
Kam
Kaam (Gurmukhi: ਕਾਮ ''Kāma'') in common usage, the term stands for 'excessive passion for sexual pleasure' and it is in this sense that it is considered to be an evil in Sikhism.
In Sikhism it is believed that Kaam can be overcome ...
,
Cantonese
Cantonese ( zh, t=廣東話, s=广东话, first=t, cy=Gwóngdūng wá) is a language within the Chinese (Sinitic) branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages originating from the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) and its surrounding ar ...
,
Hakka, and
Min are spoken alongside
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin (; ) is a group of Chinese (Sinitic) dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. The group includes the Beijing dialect, the basis of the phonology of Standard Chinese, the official language ...
.
Name
"" () means 'expanse' or 'vast', and has been associated with the region since the creation of Guang Prefecture in AD 226. Guangxi and neighboring
Guangdong
Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020 ...
literally mean 'expanse west' and 'expanse east'. Together, Guangxi and Guangdong are called (; , vi, Lưỡng Quảng, QuangTay province). During the
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the res ...
, the Two Guangs were formally separated as () and (), which became abbreviated as () and ().
History
Originally inhabited by a mixture of tribal groups known to the Chinese as the
Baiyue ("Hundred Yue", vi, Bách Việt), the region first became part of China during the
Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), ...
. In 214 BC, the
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive v ...
general
Zhao Tuo ( vi, Triệu Đà) claimed most of southern China for
Qin Shi Huang before the emperor's death. The ensuing civil war permitted Zhao to establish a separate kingdom at
Panyu known as
Nanyue ("Southern Yue"). Alternatively submissive to and independent of
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Emperor Gaozu of Han, Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by th ...
control, Southern Yue expanded colonization and
sinicization under its policy of "Harmonizing and Gathering the Hundred Yue" () until
its collapse in 111 BC during the
southward expansion of the Han dynasty.
The name "Guangxi" can be traced to the "Expansive" or "Wide" province () of the
Eastern Wu
Wu ( Chinese: 吳; pinyin: ''Wú''; Middle Chinese *''ŋuo'' < Eastern Han Chinese: ''*ŋuɑ''), known in historiography as Eastern Wu o ...
, which controlled southeastern China during the
Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms () from 220 to 280 AD was the tripartite division of China among the dynastic states of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu. The Three Kingdoms period was preceded by the Han dynasty#Eastern Han, Eastern Han dynasty and wa ...
period.
Guilin
Guilin (Standard Zhuang: ''Gveilinz''; alternatively romanized as Kweilin) is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the n ...
formed one of its commanderies.
Under the
Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdo ...
, the Zhuang moved to support
Piluoge's kingdom of
Nanzhao in
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the ...
, which successfully repulsed imperial armies in 751 and 754. Guangxi was then divided into an area of Zhuang ascendancy west of Nanning and an area of Han ascendancy east of Nanning.
After the collapse of the Southern Zhao,
Liu Yan established the
Southern Han (Nanhan) in Xingwangfu (modern
Guangdong
Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020 ...
). Although this state gained minimal control over Guangxi, it was plagued by instability and annexed by the
Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the res ...
in 971. The name "Guangxi" itself can be traced to the Song, who administered the area as the Guangnanxi ("West Southern Expanse")
Circuit
Circuit may refer to:
Science and technology
Electrical engineering
* Electrical circuit, a complete electrical network with a closed-loop giving a return path for current
** Analog circuit, uses continuous signal levels
** Balanced circu ...
. Harassed by both Song and the
Jiaozhi in modern
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it ...
, the Zhuang leader
Nong Zhigao led a revolt in 1052 for which he is still remembered by the Zhuang people. His independent kingdom was short-lived, however, and the tattooed Song general
Di Qing returned Guangxi to China.
The
Yuan dynasty established control over Yunnan during its conquest of the
Dali Kingdom in 1253 and eliminated the
Southern Song following the
Battle of Yamen in 1279. Rather than ruling
Lingnan as a subject territory or military district, the Mongolians then established Guangxi ("Western Expanse") as a proper province. The area nonetheless continued to be unruly, leading the
Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...
to employ the different local groups against one another. At the
Battle of Big Rattan Gorge
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force ...
between the Zhuang and the
Yao in 1465, 20,000 deaths were reported.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, parts of Guangxi were ruled by the powerful
Cen () clan. The Cen were of Zhuang ethnicity and were recognized as ''
tusi'' or local rulers by the Chinese emperors.
The
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...
left the region alone until the imposition of direct rule in 1726, but the 19th century was one of constant unrest. A
Yao revolt in 1831 was followed by the
Jintian Uprising, the beginning of the
Taiping Rebellion, in January 1851 and the
Da Cheng Rebellion in April 1854. The execution of St.
Auguste Chapdelaine
Auguste Chapdelaine, Chinese name Mǎ Lài (; 6 February 1814 – 29 February 1856) was a French Christian missionary of the Paris Foreign Missions Society. France used his death–– Chapdelaine was executed by Chinese officials–– as a ''c ...
by local officials in Guangxi provoked the
Second Opium War in 1858 and the legalization of foreign interference in the interior. Although
Louis Brière de l'Isle was unable to invade its depot at
Longzhou, the
Guangxi Army
The Guangxi Army was an army raised by the Qing dynasty (China) to fight in the Sino-French War
The Sino-French War (, french: Guerre franco-chinoise, vi, Chiến tranh Pháp-Thanh), also known as the Tonkin War and Tonquin War, was a limit ...
saw a great deal of action in the 1884
Sino-French War. Largely ineffective within Vietnam, it was still able to repulse the French from China itself at the
Battle of Zhennan Pass (modern
Friendship Pass) on 23 March 1885.
Following the
Wuchang Uprising, Guangxi seceded from the Qing Empire on 6 November 1911. The Qing governor,
Shen Bingdan __NOTOC__
Shen may refer to:
* Shen (Chinese religion) (神), a central word in Chinese philosophy, religion, and traditional Chinese medicine; term for god or spirit
* Shen (clam-monster) (蜃), a shapeshifting Chinese dragon believed to create mi ...
, initially remained in place but was subsequently removed by a mutiny commanded by General
Lu Rongting. General Lu's
Old Guangxi clique overran
Hunan
Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
and
Guangdong
Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020 ...
as well and helped lead the
National Protection War against
Yuan Shikai's attempt to re-establish an imperial government. Zhuang's loyalty made his
Self-Government Army cohesive but reluctant to move far beyond its own provinces. Subsequent feuding with
Sun Yat-sen led to defeat in the 1920 and 1921
Guangdong–Guangxi War
The Guangdong–Guangxi War, or the 1st and 2nd Yue-Gui Wars, occurred between the Kuomintang and the Old Guangxi Clique.
First Yue-Gui War
When Sun Yat-sen, leader of the Chinese Revolutionary Party, attempted to re-establish himself in Guangz ...
. After a brief occupation by
Chen Jiongming's Cantonese forces, Guangxi fell into disunity and profound banditry for several years until
Li Zongren's
Guangxi Pacification Army
Guangxi (; ; alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in South China and bordering Vietnam ( ...
established the
New Guangxi clique dominated by Li,
Huang Shaohong, and
Bai Chongxi.
Successful action in Hunan against
Wu Peifu led to the Zhuang GPA becoming known as the "Flying Army" and the "Army of Steel." After the death of Sun Yat-sen, Li also repulsed
Tang Jiyao's
revolt
Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority.
A rebellion originates from a sentiment of indignation and disapproval of a situation and ...
and joined the
Northern Expedition establishing control over other warlords by the
Republic of China
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northea ...
. His was one of the few
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...
units free from serious
Chinese Communist Party
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victorious in the Chinese Ci ...
(CCP) influence and was therefore employed by
Chiang Kai-shek for the
Shanghai massacre of 1927. Within the People's Republic of China, Guangxi is also noted for the
Baise Uprising
The Baise Uprising (), also known as the Youjiang Riots (), was a military insurrection in late 1929 in Baise, Guangxi, China, instigated by the Chinese Communist Party using tense relations between warlords Yu Zuobai and Li Mingrui of the Ne ...
, a failed CCP revolt led by
Chen Zhaoli and
Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese revolutionary leader, military commander and statesman who served as the paramount leader of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC) from December 1978 to November 1989. Aft ...
in 1929.
In 1937, the
Guangxi Women's Battalion The Guangxi Women's Battalion was a women's unit formed in 1938 in Guangxi, China. It was one of several corps that were founded following an appeal by Soong Mei-ling for women to support the Sino-Japanese War effort in 1937. Similar units include ...
was founded as a response to
Soong Mei-ling's appeal for women to support the
Sino-Japanese War.
Reports on the size of the battalion vary from 130 students,
to 500, to 800.
Being in the far south, Guangxi did not fall during the
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, continuing intermittently since 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949 with a Communist victory on main ...
, but joined the People's Republic in December 1949, two months after its founding.
In 1952, a small section of Guangdong's coastline (
Qinzhou, Lianzhou (now
Hepu County),
Fangchenggang and
Beihai
Beihai (; Postal romanization: Pakhoi) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi, People's Republic of China. Its status as a seaport on the north shore of the Gulf of Tonkin has granted it historical importance as a port of internation ...
) was given to Guangxi, giving it access to the sea. This was reversed in 1955, and then restored in 1965.
The
Guangxi Massacre, during the
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC) launched by Mao Zedong in 1966, and lasting until his death in 1976. Its stated go ...
, involved the killing of 100,000 to 150,000 in the province in 1967 and 1968.
While some development of
heavy industry
Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); ...
occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, the province remained largely a scenic tourist destination. Even the economic growth of the 1990s seemed to leave Guangxi behind. However, in recent years, there has been a growing amount of industrialization and increasing concentration on cash crops. Per capita GDP has risen as industries in Guangdong transfer production to comparatively lower-wage areas in Guangxi.
Geography
Located in the southern part of the country, Guangxi is bordered by
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the ...
to the west,
Guizhou
Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to t ...
to the north,
Hunan
Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
to the northeast, and
Guangdong
Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020 ...
to the east and southeast.
It is also bordered by
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it ...
in the southwest and the
Gulf of Tonkin in the south.
Its proximity to Guangdong is reflected in its name, with "Guang" () being used in both names.
Large portions of Guangxi are hilly and mountainous.
The northwest portion of Guangxi includes part of the
Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,
the
Jiuwan Mountains and the
Fenghuang Mountains both run through the north,
the
Nanling Mountains form the region's north-east border, and the
Yuecheng
Yuecheng District , is a county-level district which forms the core of the municipality of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, in the People's Republic of China. It encompasses all of downtown Shaoxing and the immediately surrounding areas, including the forme ...
and
Haiyang Mountains both branch from the Nanling Mountains. Also in the north are the
Duyao Mountains. The
Duyang Mountains run through the west of Guangxi.
Near the center of the region are the
Da Yao and
Da Ming Mountains. On the southeastern border are the
Yunkai Mountains. Guangxi's highest point is
Kitten Mountain, in the Yuecheng Mountains, at .
Karst landforms
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for more weathering-resistant ro ...
, characterized by steep mountains and large caverns,
are common in Guangxi, accounting for 37.8 percent of its total land area.
Guangxi is also home to several river systems, which flow into several different bodies of water: the
Qin River and the
Nanliu River both flow into the Gulf of Tonkin, several tributary rivers flow into the larger
Xiang River
The Xiang River is the chief river of the Lake Dongting drainage system of the middle Yangtze, the largest river in Hunan Province, China. It is the 2nd largest tributary (after Min River) in terms of surface runoff, the 5th largest tributar ...
in neighbouring Hunan province, and the
Xi River system flows southeast through the autonomous region into the
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by the shores of South China (hence the name), in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan and northwestern Phil ...
.
Along the border with Vietnam there is the
Ban Gioc–Detian waterfall (), which separates the two countries.
About one-quarter of Guangxi's area is forested.
Human geography
Major cities in Guangxi include
Nanning,
Liuzhou,
Guilin
Guilin (Standard Zhuang: ''Gveilinz''; alternatively romanized as Kweilin) is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the n ...
, and
Beihai
Beihai (; Postal romanization: Pakhoi) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi, People's Republic of China. Its status as a seaport on the north shore of the Gulf of Tonkin has granted it historical importance as a port of internation ...
. Notable towns include ,
Sanjiang, and
Yangshuo.
Xi River system provides waterways to connect
Pearl River Delta. Important seaports along Guangxi's short coastline on the
Gulf of Tonkin include
Beihai
Beihai (; Postal romanization: Pakhoi) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi, People's Republic of China. Its status as a seaport on the north shore of the Gulf of Tonkin has granted it historical importance as a port of internation ...
,
Qinzhou, and
Fangchenggang. To connect Xi River system and coastal Guangxi, Chinese government started to construct
Pinglu Canal.
Climate
Guangxi has a
subtropical climate.
Summers are generally long, hot, and humid, lasting from April to October.
Winters are mild, and snow is rare.
The autonomous region's average annual temperature ranges from to ,
with January temperatures typically ranging from to ,
and July temperatures typically ranging from to .
Due to frequent rain-bearing
monsoon
A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal osci ...
winds, average annual precipitation is quite high in Guangxi, ranging from in drier zones to in wetter zones.
The region also experiences monsoons, blowing from south-southwest from late April to the beginning of October. Most of the precipitation occurs between May and August.
Microbursts can also occasionally occur in the extreme south of the region, from July to September.
This is caused by
typhoons blowing from the
South China Sea
The South China Sea is a marginal sea of the Western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded in the north by the shores of South China (hence the name), in the west by the Indochinese Peninsula, in the east by the islands of Taiwan and northwestern Phil ...
.
Image gallery
File:漓江山水.jpg, Li River, Guangxi
File:Paddy field Longsheng.JPG, Longsheng Rice Terrace
File:Yulong.JPG, Yulong River
File:Thác Bản Giốc.jpg, Ban Gioc Duc Thien– Banyue Detian Falls
Administrative divisions
Guangxi is divided into fourteen
prefecture-level divisions: all
prefecture-level cities
A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure.
During the Republican era, many of China' ...
:
These 14 prefecture-level cities are in turn subdivided into 111
county-level division
The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China's large population and geographical area. The constitution of China provides for three levels of government. However in practice, ther ...
s (41
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...
s, 10
county-level cities, 48
counties, and 12
autonomous counties). At the year-end of 2021, the total population is 48.85 millio
Urban areas
Demographics
The
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive v ...
are the largest ethnic group in Guangxi. Han Chinese populations in Guangxi largely live along the autonomous region's southern coast and eastern portions.
Of these, the main subgroups are those that speak
Yue Chinese, Yue and
Southwestern Mandarin varieties of
Chinese. Qinzhou and Goulou Yue are spoken in the southern and eastern regions, respectively.
Pinghua is spoken in Nanning and Guilin. There are Hakka-speaking regions in
Luchuan County,
Bobai County and in some areas bordering Vietnam.
Guangxi has over 14 million
Zhuangs, the largest minority ethnicity in China. Over 90 percent of Zhuang in China live in Guangxi, especially in the central and western regions. High concentrations of Zhuang people can be found in
Nanning,
Liuzhou,
Chongzuo,
Baise,
Hechi, and
Laibin.
The highest concentration of ethnic Zhuang people is found in the
county-level city of
Jingxi, with a 2021 publication by the People's Government of Guangxi stating that Jingxi's population is 99.7% Zhuang.
The autonomous region also has sizable populations of indigenous
Yao,
Miao,
Kam
Kaam (Gurmukhi: ਕਾਮ ''Kāma'') in common usage, the term stands for 'excessive passion for sexual pleasure' and it is in this sense that it is considered to be an evil in Sikhism.
In Sikhism it is believed that Kaam can be overcome ...
,
Mulam,
Maonan,
Hui,
Gin
Gin () is a distilled alcoholic drink that derives its flavour from juniper berries (''Juniperus communis'').
Gin originated as a medicinal liquor made by monks and alchemists across Europe, particularly in southern Italy, Flanders and the Ne ...
,
Yi,
Sui and
Gelao peoples.
Other
ethnic minorities in Guangxi include the
Manchu,
Mongol
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member ...
,
Korean,
Tibetan,
Hlai, and
Tujia Tujia may refer to:
*the Tujia people
*the Tujia language
The Tujia language (Northern Tujia: Bifzivsar, ; Southern Tujia: Mongrzzirhof, ; ) is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken natively by the Tujia people in Hunan Province, China. It is unclassif ...
people.
Religion
The predominant religions in Guangxi among the
Han Chinese
The Han Chinese () or Han people (), are an East Asian ethnic group native to China. They constitute the world's largest ethnic group, making up about 18% of the global population and consisting of various subgroups speaking distinctive v ...
are
Chinese folk religion
Chinese folk religion, also known as Chinese popular religion comprehends a range of traditional religious practices of Han Chinese, including the Chinese diaspora. Vivienne Wee described it as "an empty bowl, which can variously be fill ...
s,
Taoist traditions and
Chinese Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism ( zh, s=汉传佛教, t=漢傳佛教, p=Hànchuán Fójiào) is a Chinese form of Mahayana Buddhism which has shaped Chinese culture in a wide variety of areas including art, politics, literature, philosophy ...
. The large
Zhuang population mostly practices the
Zhuang folk religion
Mo or Moism () is the religion of most Zhuang people, the largest ethnic minority of China. It has a large presence in Guangxi. While it has a supreme god, the creator Bu Luotuo (布洛陀), numerous other deities are venerated as well. It has ...
centered around the worship of their ancestral god ''Buluotuo'' (布洛陀). According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 40.48% of the population believes and is involved in
ancestor veneration, while 0.26% of the population identifies as Christian.
The reports did not give figures for other types of religion; 59.26% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in
worship of nature deities, Buddhism,
Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China. Variously described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or ...
, Taoism,
folk religious sects. The
Yao, another numerous ethnic group inhabiting the province, mostly practices a form of
indigenised and conservative Taoism.
Today, there are 21
mosques in Guangxi This may include:
*
Nanning Mosque
The Nanning Mosque () is a mosque in Xingning District, Nanning City, Guangxi, China.
History
The mosque was originally built from 1644 to 1661 during the reign of the Qing Dynasty Shunzhi Emperor. In 1717, the mosque was relocated to its cu ...
*
Guilin Chongshan Mosque
* Guilin Ancient Mosque
* Liuzhou Mosque
* Baise Mosque
Politics
; Secretaries-General of the
KMT Guangxi Provincial Senate
#
Ou Wenxiong (): 1938–1942
#
Huang Kunshan (): 1942–1946
#
Sun Renlin (): 1946-1949
; Chairmen of the Senate
#
Li Renren
Li, li, or LI may refer to:
Businesses and organizations
* Landscape Institute, a British professional body for landscape architects
* Leadership Institute, a non-profit organization located in Arlington, Virginia, US, that teaches "political tec ...
(): 1938-1942
#
Huang Xuchu (): 1942-1949
; Secretaries of the
CPC
CPC may refer to:
Organizations Companies
* Canada Post Corporation, the primary postal operator in Canada
* Caspian Pipeline Consortium, consortium and a pipeline to transport Caspian oil to Russia's Black Sea coast
* Consolidated Pastoral Co ...
Guangxi Committee
#
Zhang Yunyi: 1949–1953
#
Chen Manyuan (): 1953–1957
#
Liu Jianxun
Liu Jianxun () (1913 – April 23, 1983) was a People's Republic of China politician. He was twice Communist Party of China Committee Secretary of Henan (1961–1966, 1971–1978), governor of Henan (1968–1978) and CPC Committee Secretary of Gua ...
(): 1957–1961
#
Wei Guoqing: 1960–1966
#
Qiao Xiaoguang (): 1966–1967
#Wei Guoqing: 1970–1975
#
An Pingsheng (): 1975–1977.
#
Qiao Xiaoguang (): 1977–1985
#
Chen Huiguang (): 1985–1990
#
Zhao Fulin (): 1990–1997
#
Cao Bochun: 1997–2006
#
Liu Qibao: 2006–2007
#
Guo Shengkun: 2007–2012
#
Peng Qinghua
Peng Qinghua (born April 1957) is a Chinese politician who served as Communist Party Secretary of Sichuan from March 2018 to April 2022, and was formerly the director of the Hong Kong Liaison Office from 2009 to 2012 and the Communist Party S ...
: 2012–2018
#
Lu Xinshe
Lu Xinshe (; born November 1956) is a Chinese politician who served as Communist Party Secretary of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2021. Prior to becoming Guangxi party chief, he was Governor of Jiangxi from 2011 to 2016, and Commu ...
(): 2018 – 2021
#
Liu Ning (): 2021 - present
; Chairmen of Government
#Zhang Yunyi: 1949–1953
#Chen Manyuan: 1953–1958
#Wei Guoqing: 1958–1975
#
An Pingsheng (): 1975–1977
#Qiao Xiaoguang: 1977–1979
#
Qin Yingji (): 1979–1983
#
Wei Chunshu (): 1983–1990
#
Cheng Kejie
Cheng Kejie (; 13 November 1933 – 14 September 2000) was a Chinese government official who was executed for bribery. : 1990–1998
#
Li Zhaozhuo: 1998–2003
#
Lu Bing: 2003 – December 2007
#
Ma Biao: December 2007 – 2013
#
Chen Wu: March 2013 – October 2020
#
Lan Tianli (): October 2020 - present
Economy
Important crops in Guangxi include
rice,
maize and
sweet potatoes. Cash crops include
sugar cane,
peanut
The peanut (''Arachis hypogaea''), also known as the groundnut, goober (US), pindar (US) or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible Seed, seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small ...
s,
tobacco, and
kenaf.
85 percent of the world's
star anise is grown in Guangxi. It is a major ingredient in the antiviral
oseltamivir.
Guangxi is one of China's key production centers for nonferrous metals. The province holds approximately 1/3 of all
tin and
manganese deposits in China.
Liuzhou is the main industrial center and a major motor vehicle manufacturing center.
General Motors have a manufacturing base here in a joint venture as
SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile. The city also has a large steel factory and several related industries. The local government of Guangxi hopes to expand the province's manufacturing sector, and during the drafting of China's Five Year Plan in 2011, earmarked 2.6 trillion RMB for investment in the province's Beibu Gulf Economic Zone(See Below).
In recent years Guangxi's economy has languished behind that of its wealthy neighbor and twin,
Guangdong
Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020 ...
. Guangxi's 2017
nominal GDP was about 2039.63 billion yuan (US$302.09 billion) and ranked 17th in China. Its
per capita GDP was 38,102 yuan (US$5,770).
Due to its lack of a major manufacturing industry in comparison to other provinces, Guangxi is the fourth most energy efficient province in China, helping to further boost its green image.
Economic and technological development zones
* Beihai Silver Beach National Tourist Holiday Resort
* Beihai Export Processing Zone
Approved by the State Council, Beihai Export Processing Zone (BHEPZ) was established in March 2003. Total planned area is . The first phase of the developed area is . It was verified and accepted by the Customs General Administration and eight ministries of the state, on 26 December 2003. It is the Export Processing Zone nearest to ASEAN in China and also the only one bordering the sea in western China. It is situated next to Beihai Port.
* Dongxing Border Economic Cooperation Area
* Guilin National New & Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
Guilin Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in May 1988. In 1991, it was approved as a national-level industrial zone. It has an area of . Encouraged industries include electronic information, biomedical, new materials, and environmental protection.
* Nanning Economic & Technological Development Area
Established in 1992, Nanning Economic and Technological Development Zone was approved to be a national-level zone in May 2001. Its total planned area of . It is located in the south of Nanning. It has become the new developing zone with fine chemical engineering, auto parts, aluminum processing, biological medicine and other industries.
* Nanning National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone
Nanning Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone was established in 1988 and was approved as a national-level industrial zone in 1992. The zone has a planned area of , and it encourages industries that do electronic information, bioengineering and pharmaceutical, mechanical and electrical integration, and the new materials industry.
* Pingxiang Border Economic Cooperation Zone
In 1992, Pinxiang Border Economic Cooperation Zone was established. It has a total area of . It focuses on the development of hardware mechanical and electrical products, daily-use chemical processing, services, and the international logistics-based storage and information industry.
* Yongning Economic Development Zone
Investment
Seventy-one Taiwanese ventures started up in Guangxi in 2007, with contracts bringing up to US$149 million of investment, while gross exports surpassed US$1 billion. There are a total of 1182 Taiwan ventures in Guangxi, and by the end of 2006, they have brought a total of US$4.27 billion of investment into the autonomous region. During the first half of 2007, 43 projects worthy of RMB2.6 billion (US$342 million) have already been contracted between Guangxi and Taiwan investors. Cooperation between Guangxi and Taiwan companies mainly relates to manufacturing, high-tech electronic industries, agriculture, energy resources, and tourism.
Power
Guangxi Power Grid invested 180 million yuan in 2007 in projects to bring power to areas that still lacked access to
electricity. The areas affected include
Nanning,
Hechi,
Bose and
Guigang. Around 125,000 people have gained access to electricity. The money has been used to build or alter 738 10-kilovolt distribution units with a total length of wire reaching 1,831.8 kilometers.
Due to a lack of investment in construction in the
power grid net in rural areas, more than 400 villages in Guangxi Province were not included in the projects. Around 500,000 cannot participate in the policy known as "The Same Grid, the Same Price." Guangxi Power Grid will invest 4.6 billion yuan in improving the power grid during the 11th Five Year Plan.
Guangxi Power Grid invested 2.5 billion yuan in building an electric power system in the first half of 2007. Of the total investment, 2.3 billion yuan has been put into the project of the main power grid. So far, four new transformer substations in Guangxi are in various stages of completion. Wenfu substation went into operation in the city of Hechi in January 2007, and since then it has become a major hub of the electrical power system of the surrounding three counties. When the Cangwu substation was completed, it doubled the local transformer capacity. In June 2007, the new substation in Chongzuo passed its operation tests. And in the same month, Qiulong commenced production too. This shall support the power supply system of
Qiulong City, as well as the northern part of Guangxi province, and facilitate the nationwide project to transmit power from west to east.
Beibu Gulf Economic Zone
In late February 2008, the central government approved China's first international and regional economic cooperation zone in Guangxi. The construction of the
Beibu Gulf Economic Zone began in 2006. With the approval, the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone will be formally incorporated into national development strategies.
The Beibu Gulf Economic Zone covers six coastal cities along the
Beibu Gulf
The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of . It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern c ...
. It integrates the cities of
Nanning, the region's capital,
Beihai
Beihai (; Postal romanization: Pakhoi) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi, People's Republic of China. Its status as a seaport on the north shore of the Gulf of Tonkin has granted it historical importance as a port of internation ...
,
Qinzhou,
Fangchenggang,
Chongzuo and
Yulin Yulin may refer to the following places in China:
Cities and prefectures
*Yulin, Guangxi (玉林市), a prefecture-level city in Guangxi
*Yulin, Shaanxi (榆林市), a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi
* Yulin Prefecture (鬱林州), a prefecture b ...
. The state will adopt policies and measures to support mechanism innovation, rational industry layout, and infrastructure construction in the Beibu Gulf Economic Zone.
Guangxi has pledged a 100 billion yuan (US$14 billion) investment over the next five years for building and repairing railways to form a network hub in the area. Beibu Gulf Zone will serve as the
logistics base, business base, processing and manufacturing base, and information exchange center for China-
ASEAN
ASEAN ( , ), officially the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, is a Political union, political and economic union of 10 member Sovereign state, states in Southeast Asia, which promotes intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental coo ...
cooperation. Beibu Gulf Zone promises broad prospects for further development and its growth potential is rapidly released. But the shortage of talent and professionals in
petrochemicals,
iron
Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from la, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in ...
and
steel,
electricity,
finance,
tourism,
port planning
A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers. Although usually situated on a sea coast or estuary, ports can also be found far inland, such as Ham ...
, logistics and
marine industries are bottlenecks.
The regional government is also working on speeding up key cooperation projects including
transportation
Transport (in British English), or transportation (in American English), is the intentional movement of humans, animals, and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, land ( rail and road), water, cable, pipel ...
, the marine industry, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, energy development, cross-border tourism, and environmental protection. Beibu Gulf has already attracted several major projects such as Qinzhou
oil refinery
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial processes, industrial process Factory, plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refining, refined into useful products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt, asphalt ...
projects and
Stora Enso
Stora Enso Oyj (from sv, Stora and fi, Enso ) is a manufacturer of pulp, paper and other forest products, headquartered in Helsinki, Finland. The majority of sales takes place in Europe, but there are also significant operations in Asia and ...
, a
Fortune 500 forest products company based in
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bo ...
. In January 2008 trade import and export in the Beibu Gulf zone exceeded US$1.3 billion, a record high.
Bauxite reserves
In September 2007, China's
Ministry of Commerce said that it has found 120 million tons of new
bauxite
Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) and diaspore (α-AlO(O ...
reserves in Guangxi. The ministry said that the new reserves, which are located in
Chongzhou in the southern region of
Youjiang
The You River (), also known as the ''Youjiang River'', is a river of Guangxi, China. It rises in eastern Yunnan and joins the Zuo River ("Left River") near Nanning to form the Yong River. These rivers form part of the Pearl River system, whic ...
, have very high-quality bauxite, a raw material for making
aluminum
Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. It h ...
. Currently, the proven reserves of bauxite in Guangxi are about 1 billion tons, making the province one of the country's biggest bauxite sources.
Transport
Rail
The
Hunan–Guangxi Railway (Xianggui Line), which bisects the autonomous region diagonally from
Quanzhou in the northeast on the border with
Hunan
Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
to
Pingxiang in the southwest on the border with
Vietnam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it ...
, passes through Guangxi's three principal cities,
Nanning,
Liuzhou and
Guilin
Guilin (Standard Zhuang: ''Gveilinz''; alternatively romanized as Kweilin) is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the n ...
. Most other railways in Guangxi are connected to the Xianggui Line.
From Nanning, the
Nanning–Kunming Railway heads west through
Baise to
Kunming,
Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the ...
and the Nanning–Fangchenggang Railway runs south to
Qinzhou,
Fangchenggang and
Beihai
Beihai (; Postal romanization: Pakhoi) is a prefecture-level city in the south of Guangxi, People's Republic of China. Its status as a seaport on the north shore of the Gulf of Tonkin has granted it historical importance as a port of internation ...
on the coast. From Liuzhou, the
Guizhou–Guangxi Railway extends northwestward through
Hechi to
Guizhou
Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to t ...
and the
Jiaozuo–Liuzhou Railway runs due north to
Hunan
Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...
, and eventually
Hubei
Hubei (; ; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Dongting Lake. The pr ...
and
Henan
Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is al ...
in
central China. From
Litang Township on the Xianggui Line between Nanning and Liuzhou, the
Litang–Qinzhou Railway runs south to
Qinzhou on the coast and the
Litang–Zhanjiang Railway (Lizhan Line) extends southeastward through
Guigang and
Yulin Yulin may refer to the following places in China:
Cities and prefectures
*Yulin, Guangxi (玉林市), a prefecture-level city in Guangxi
*Yulin, Shaanxi (榆林市), a prefecture-level city in Shaanxi
* Yulin Prefecture (鬱林州), a prefecture b ...
to
Zhanjiang,
Guangdong
Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020 ...
.
The
Luoyang–Zhanjiang Railway (Luozhan Line), which intersects with the Xianggui Line on the Hunan side of the border at
Yongzhou, runs south through
Hezhou and
Wuzhou in eastern Guangxi and joins the Lizhan Line at Yulin. At
Cenxi
Cenxi () is a county-level city under the administration of Wuzhou City, in the east of Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
History
The first state that governed the current area of Cenxi was Nanyue Kingdom, which was succeeded by Han Dynasty, ...
, a branch of the Luozhan Line heads east to
Maoming, Guangdong, forming a second rail outlet from Guangxi to Guangdong.
Roads
Aviation
Guangxi has 7 airports in different cities: Nanning, Guilin, Beihai, Liuzhou, Wuzhou, Baise, and Hechi.
Culture
"Guangxi" and neighbouring
Guangdong
Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020 ...
literally mean "Western Expanse" and "Eastern Expanse". Together, Guangdong and Guangxi are called the "Two Expanses" ().
Its culture and language are reflected in this. Though now associated with the
Zhuang ethnic minority, Guangxi's culture traditionally has had a close connection with Cantonese. Cantonese culture and language followed the Xi River valley from Guangdong and are still predominant in the eastern half of Guangxi today. Outside of this area, there is a huge variety of ethnicities and language groups represented.
Guangxi is known for its ethnolinguistic diversity. In the capital of
Nanning, for example, three varieties of Chinese are spoken locally:
Southwestern Mandarin,
Yue Chinese, Yue (specifically
Cantonese
Cantonese ( zh, t=廣東話, s=广东话, first=t, cy=Gwóngdūng wá) is a language within the Chinese (Sinitic) branch of the Sino-Tibetan languages originating from the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) and its surrounding ar ...
), and
Pinghua, in addition to various
Zhuang languages and others.
Tourism
The major tourist attraction of Guangxi is
Guilin
Guilin (Standard Zhuang: ''Gveilinz''; alternatively romanized as Kweilin) is a prefecture-level city in the northeast of China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is situated on the west bank of the Li River and borders Hunan to the n ...
, a city famed across China and the world for its spectacular setting by the
Li Jiang (Li River) among
karst peaks. It also used to be the capital of Guangxi and
Jingjiang Princes' City
Jingjiang Princes' Palace () is a historical site in Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It now functions as both Guangxi Normal University and as a tourist attraction.
History
The Jingjiang Princes' Palace (also known as the Ji ...
, the old princes' residence, is open to the public. South of Guilin down the river is the town of
Yangshuo, which has become a favourite destination for foreign tourists.
The variety of visible cultures in Guangxi, such as the
Zhuang and
Dong, are also a draw for tourists. The northern part of the province, bordering
Guizhou
Guizhou (; formerly Kweichow) is a landlocked province in the southwest region of the People's Republic of China. Its capital and largest city is Guiyang, in the center of the province. Guizhou borders the autonomous region of Guangxi to t ...
, is home to the
Longsheng Rice Terraces, some of the steepest in the world. Nearby is
Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County.
Many Chinese tourists visiting Nanning also visit
Ban Gioc–Detian Falls on the China-Vietnam border.
Education
*
Guilin University of Technology
Guilin University of Technology is situated in the city Guilin in Guangxi
Guangxi (; ; Chinese postal romanization, alternately romanized as Kwanghsi; ; za, Gvangjsih, italics=yes), officially the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (GZAR), ...
*
Guangxi Arts University
*
Guangxi University
*
Guangxi Medical University
*
Guangxi Normal University
*
Guilin University of Electronic Technology
The Guilin University of Electronic Technology (abbreviation: GUET; ) is a state university, located in Guilin, Guangxi, China.
Campus
The university is divided into four campuses:
*East Campus
*West Campus
*Huajiang Campus
*Beihai Campus
Hi ...
*
Guangxi University for Nationalities
Guangxi University for Nationalities (, Zhuang: Gvangjsih Minzcuz Dayoz, abbreviated GXUN or Guangxi Minda) is a provincial research university in Nanning, Guangxi. Established in 1952 to serve the ethnic minority populations in Guangxi, the uni ...
*
Guangxi Chinese Medical University
Sister regions
* –
Kumamoto Prefecture (1982)
* –
Carinthia (1987)
* –
Rio Grande do Norte (1995)
* –
Newport
Newport most commonly refers to:
*Newport, Wales
*Newport, Rhode Island, US
Newport or New Port may also refer to:
Places Asia
*Newport City, Metro Manila, a Philippine district in Pasay
Europe
Ireland
*Newport, County Mayo, a town on the ...
(formerly) (1996–2019)
* –
Voronezh Oblast (1997)
* –
Montana
Montana () is a U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West List of regions of the United States#Census Bureau-designated regions and divisions, division of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North ...
(1999)
* –
Poitou-Charentes (2002)
* –
Surat Thani Province (2004)
* –
Podkarpackie (2015)
See also
*
Major national historical and cultural sites in Guangxi
*
List of twin towns and sister cities in China
*
2017 Guangxi floods
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
Economic profile for Guangxiat
HKTDC
The Hong Kong Trade Development Council (HKTDC) is a statutory body established in 1966 as the international marketing dedicated to creating opportunities for Hong Kong's businesses. The organisation has 50 offices around the world, including ...
External links
Guangxi Government website
*
{{Coord, 23.6, N, 108.3, E, type:adm1st_region:CN-45, display=title
.
Autonomous regions of China
Zhuang autonomous areas
Gulf of Tonkin
States and territories established in 1958