''Gryllus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of field cricket (

Orthoptera Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grassho ...

Gryllidae The family ''Gryllidae'' contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (''e ...

Gryllinae Gryllinae, or field crickets, are a subfamily of insects in the order Orthoptera and the family Gryllidae. They hatch in spring, and the young crickets (called nymphs) eat and grow rapidly. They shed their skin (molt) eight or more times before ...

). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...

is ''

Gryllus campestris ''Gryllus campestris'', the European field cricket or simply the field cricket in the British Isles, is the type species of crickets in its genus and tribe Gryllini. These flightless dark colored insects are comparatively large; the males ra ...

'' L.: the European field cricket.

History

Until the mid-1950s, native field crickets in eastern North America were all assigned to a single species, ''Acheta assimilis''. Although regional variation in calling song and life history were noted,Rehn, J.A.G., and Hebard, M. (1915). The genus ''Gryllus'' (Orthoptera) as found in America. ''Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.'' 67:292-322.Fulton, B. B. 1952. Speciation in the field cricket. Evolution 6, 283-295. no morphological characters could be found to reliably distinguish these variants.Alexander, R.D. (1957). The taxonomy of the field crickets of the eastern United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Acheta). ''Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am.'' 50:584-602. Building upon the pioneering work of Fulton, Alexander used male calling song, life history and crosses between putative species to revise the taxonomy of gryllines in the eastern United States, and recognized five species, although at the time they were still classified in the genus ''Acheta''.

Description

Species in this genus often look similar to species from other genera. They can often only be distinguished by the male genitalia. The epithallus typically consists of three lobes, the middle one being longer and more slender than the rest, in American and European species. African species, however, show more variability, making it more difficult to assign species to a genus with the same degree of certainty as there is more overlap with closely related genera.

Distribution

''Gryllus'' is one of the most widespread cricket genera. It is found in

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating Direction (geometry), direction or geography. Etymology T ...

and

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

and

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

Species

The genus contains the following species as of March 2023: *''

Gryllus abditus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid- ...

'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *''

Gryllus abingdoni ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket ( Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid- ...

'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *''

Gryllus abnormis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Chopard, 1970 *'' Gryllus alogus'' Rehn, 1902 – damp-loving field cricket *''

Gryllus amarensis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' (Chopard, 1921) *''

Gryllus ambulator ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket ( Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid- ...

'' Saussure, 1877 *''

Gryllus argenteus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' (Chopard, 1954) *'' Gryllus argentinus'' Saussure, 1874 *''

Gryllus armatus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket ( Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid- ...

'' Scudder, 1902 *''

Gryllus assimilis ''Gryllus assimilis'', commonly known as the Jamaican field cricket and sometimes referred to as the silent cricket (a misnomer) among other names, is one of many cricket species known as a field cricket. Its natural habitats are the West Indies ...

'' (Fabricius, 1775) – Jamaican field cricket *''

Gryllus ater ''Miogryllus convolutus'' is a species of cricket from South America. Description ''M. convolutus'' exists in a number of forms. Most strikingly, there are micropterous (small-winged) and macropterous (large-winged) forms, but there is also vari ...

'' Walker, 1869 *''

Gryllus barretti ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Rehn, 1901 *''

Gryllus bellicosus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *''

Gryllus bicolor ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Saussure, 1874 *''

Gryllus bimaculatus ''Gryllus bimaculatus'' is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae. Most commonly known as the two-spotted cricket, it has also been called the "African" or "Mediterranean field cricket", although its recorded distribution also includes m ...

'' De Geer, 1773 *''

Gryllus braueri ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' (Karny, 1910) *''

Gryllus brevecaudatus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' (Chopard, 1961) – short-tailed field cricket *''

Gryllus brevicaudus ''Gryllus brevicaudus'', the short-tailed field cricket, is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae Gryllinae, or field crickets, are a subfamily of insects in the order Orthoptera and the family Gryllidae. They hatch in spring, and ...

'' Weissman, Rentz, Alexander & Loher, 1980 *''

Gryllus bryanti ''Gryllus bryanti'' is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae. ''G. bryanti'' lives on islands in the Caribbean Sea, including Eleuthera Island and Andros Island in the Bahamas.Otte, D., and Pérez-Gelabert, D.E. 2009. Caribbean Cricket ...

'' Morse, 1905 *''

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

*''

Gryllus capitatus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Saussure, 1874 *''

Gryllus carvalhoi ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' (Chopard, 1961) *''

Gryllus cayensis ''Gryllus cayensis'', known generally as the keys wood cricket or South Florida taciturn wood cricket, is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae Gryllinae, or field crickets, are a subfamily of insects in the order Orthoptera and the ...

'' Walker, 2001 – Keys wood cricket *''

Gryllus chaldeus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket ( Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid- ...

'' (Uvarov, 1922) *'' Gryllus chappuisi'' (Chopard, 1938) *'' Gryllus chichimecus'' Saussure, 1897 *''

Gryllus cohni ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Weissman, Rentz, Alexander & Loher 1980 *''

Gryllus comptus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket ( Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid- ...

'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus conradti'' (Bolivar, 1910) *'' Gryllus darwini'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *''

Gryllus debilis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Walker, 1871 *''

Gryllus firmus ''Gryllus firmus'', commonly known as the sand field cricket, is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae. It is found in the southeastern United States. Description ''Gryllus firmus'' is very similar in appearance to other crickets found ...

'' Scudder, 1902 – sand field cricket *'' Gryllus fultoni'' (Alexander, 1957) – southern wood cricket *'' Gryllus fulvipennis'' Blanchard, 1854 *'' Gryllus galapageius'' Scudder, 1893 *'' Gryllus genovesa'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus insularis'' Scudder, 1876 *''

Gryllus integer ''Gryllus integer'', commonly known as the western trilling cricket, is one of many species of field cricket (subfamily Gryllinae) in the genus ''Gryllus''. It is called the "triller" field cricket because its song is nearly continuous rather tha ...

'' Scudder, 1901 – western trilling cricket *''

Gryllus isabella ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus jallae'' Giglio-Tos, 1907 *''

Gryllus kapushi ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Otte, 1987 *'' Gryllus krugeri'' Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988 *''

Gryllus lineaticeps ''Gryllus lineaticeps'', the variable field cricket, is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae. It is found in North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western ...

'' Stål, 1861 – variable field cricket *'' Gryllus luctuosus'' (Bolivar, 1910) *'' Gryllus madagascarensis'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus marchena'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus maunus'' Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988 *''

Gryllus maximus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' (Uvarov, 1952) *'' Gryllus meruensis'' Sjöstedt, 1909 *''

Gryllus miopteryx ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket ( Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid- ...

'' Saussure, 1877 *'' Gryllus multipulsator'' Weissman, 2009Long-chirp field cricket
Singing Insects of North America (SINA) – Long-chirp Field Cricket *'' Gryllus mzimba'' Otte, 1987 *'' Gryllus namibius'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *'' Gryllus nigrohirsutus'' Alexander, 1991 *''

Gryllus nyasa ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket ( Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid- ...

'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *'' Gryllus opacus'' Chopard, 1927 *''

Gryllus ovisopis ''Gryllus ovisopis'', the taciturn wood cricket, is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae Gryllinae, or field crickets, are a subfamily of insects in the order Orthoptera and the family Gryllidae. They hatch in spring, and the young ...

'' Walker, 1974 – taciturn wood cricket *''

Gryllus parilis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Walker, 1869 *''

Gryllus pennsylvanicus ''Gryllus pennsylvanicus'' is known as the fall field cricket. ''G. pennsylvanicus'' is common in southern Ontario, is widespread across much of North AmericaAlexander, R. D. 1968. Life cycle origins, speciation, and related phenomena in crickets ...

'' Burmeister, 1838 – fall field cricket *''

Gryllus personatus ''Gryllus personatus'', the badlands cricket, is a species of cricket in the subfamily Gryllinae Gryllinae, or field crickets, are a subfamily of insects in the order Orthoptera and the family Gryllidae. They hatch in spring, and the young cr ...

'' Uhler, 1864 – Badlands cricket *''

Gryllus peruviensis ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket ( Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid- ...

'' Saussure, 1874 *'' Gryllus pinta'' Otte & Peck, 1997 *'' Gryllus quadrimaculatus'' Saussure, 1877 *''

Gryllus rhinoceros ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Gorochov, 2001 *''

Gryllus rixator ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid-1 ...

'' Otte & Cade, 1984 *''

Gryllus rubens ''Gryllus rubens'', commonly known as the southeastern field cricket, is one of many cricket species known as a field cricket. It occurs throughout most of the Southeastern United States. Its northern range spans from southern Delaware to the ...

'' Scudder, 1902 – eastern trilling cricket *'' Gryllus scudderianus'' Saussure, 1874 *''

Gryllus signatus ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket ( Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid- ...

'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus spinulosus'' Johannson, 1763 *'' Gryllus subpubescens'' (Chopard, 1934) *''

Gryllus texensis ''Gryllus texensis'' is a species of cricket described by William H. Cade and Otte in (2000). Cade and Otte clarify that field crickets collected in the Southeastern United States from Florida to Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ' ...

'' Cade & Otte, 2000 – Texas trilling cricket *'' Gryllus urfaensis'' Gumussuyu, 1978 *''

Gryllus veletis ''Gryllus veletis'', commonly known as the spring field cricket, is abundant throughout eastern North America. ''G. veletis'' is a solitary, aggressive, omnivorous, burrow-inhabiting species of cricket (insect), cricket. This species is commonly ...

'' (Alexander & Bigelow, 1960) – spring field cricket *'' Gryllus vernalis'' Blatchley, 1920 – northern wood cricket *'' Gryllus vicarius'' Walker, 1869 *'' Gryllus vocalis'' Scudder, 1901 – vocal field cricket *''

Gryllus zaisi ''Gryllus'' is a genus of field cricket ( Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Gryllinae). Members of the genus are typically 15–31 mm long and darkly coloured. The type species is ''Gryllus campestris'' L.: the European field cricket. Until the mid- ...

'' Otte, Toms & Cade, 1988 *'' Gryllus zambezi'' (Saussure, 1877)

References

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q3118277 Orthoptera genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Orthoptera of Asia Orthoptera of Africa Orthoptera of Europe Orthoptera of North America Orthoptera of South America