In France, Communautés d’Universités et Établissements (COMUEs, Communities of universities and institutions) are groups of universities and higher education institutions. A COMUE is a form of

Établissement Public à caractère Scientifique, Culturel et Professionnel In French law, ''établissement public à caractère scientifique, culturel et professionnel'' (EPSCP; English: public scientific, cultural or professional establishment) is a formal category of more than one hundred and thirty public higher educa ...

(EPCSP). These organizations were created with the

Law on Higher Education and Research (France) The Law on Higher Education and Research of July 22, 2013 replaced laws promulgated by the previous French government in 2006 and 2007 (for example the law on Liberties and Responsibilities of Universities) regarding the organization and autonomy ...

of July 2013. It replaced the previous structure, the

Pôle de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur French university associations known as "pôles de recherche et d'enseignement supérieur" (PRES; English: centers for research and higher education) were a form of higher-level organization for universities and other institutions established by ...

(PRES), that existed from 2007 to 2013. Unlike the former PRES, they are able to award degrees, and have program budgets.

References

See also