Grewia tiliaefolia flowers & leaves in Hyderabad W2 IMG 9422

''Grewia'' is a large

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

in the mallow

family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...

Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ...

, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family

Tiliaceae Tiliaceae () is a family of flowering plants. It is not a part of the APG, APG II and APG III classifications, being sunk in Malvaceae mostly as the subfamilies Tilioideae, Brownlowioideae and Grewioideae, but has an extensive historical record o ...

or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these were both not

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

with respect to other Malvales - as already indicated by the uncertainties surrounding placement of ''Grewia'' and similar genera - and have thus been merged into the

. Together with the bulk of the former Sparrmanniaceae, ''Grewia'' is in the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...

Grewioideae Grewioideae is a subfamily of the family Malvaceae and was first described by Hochreutiner. The group is named after its type genus, ''Grewia'', which is named for the English scientist Nehemiah Grew (1641-1712). It contains a number of genera ...

and therein the

tribe The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...

Grewieae, of which it is the type genus. The genus was named by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...

, in honor of the botanist

Nehemiah Grew Nehemiah Grew (26 September 164125 March 1712) was an English plant anatomist and physiologist, known as the "Father of Plant Anatomy". Biography Grew was the only son of Obadiah Grew (1607–1688), Nonconformist divine and vicar of St Micha ...

(1641-1712) from England. Grew was one of the leading plant anatomists and

microscope A microscope () is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye. Microscopy is the science of investigating small objects and structures using a microscope. Microscopic means being invisibl ...

researchers of his time, and his study of

pollen Pollen is a powdery substance produced by seed plants. It consists of pollen grains (highly reduced microgametophytes), which produce male gametes (sperm cells). Pollen grains have a hard coat made of sporopollenin that protects the gametophyt ...

laid the groundwork for modern-day palynology.

Ecology and uses

Several

Lepidoptera Lepidoptera ( ) is an order (biology), order of insects that includes butterfly, butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans). About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 Family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic r ...

caterpillar Caterpillars ( ) are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths). As with most common names, the application of the word is arbitrary, since the larvae of sawflies (suborder Sym ...

s are found to feed on ''Grewia'' species. These include the

common nawab ''Polyura athamas'', the common nawab, is a species of fast-flying canopy butterfly found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). It occurs in the Himalayas from Kas ...

(''Polyura athamas'') and the

swift moth The Hepialidae are a family of insects in the lepidopteran order. Moths of this family are often referred to as swift moths or ghost moths. Taxonomy and systematics The Hepialidae constitute by far the most diverse group of the infraorder Exopo ...

Endoclita malabaricus ''Endoclita malabaricus'' is a species of moth of the family Hepialidae. It is known from India. Food plants for this species include ''Acacia'', ''Ailanthus'', ''Albizia'', ''Bridelia'', ''Cajanus'', ''Callicarpa'', ''Camellia'', '' Cassia'', '' ...

''. The

Bucculatricidae Bucculatricidae or (Bucculatrigidae) is a family of moths. This small family has representatives in all parts of the world. Some authors place the group as a subfamily of the family Lyonetiidae. Adults of this family are easily overlooked, bein ...

leaf miner A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants. The vast majority of leaf-mining insects are moths (Lepidoptera), sawflies (Symphyta, the mother clade of wasps), ...

Bucculatrix epibathra ''Bucculatrix epibathra'' is a moth in the family Bucculatricidae. It is found in India. It was first described in 1934 by Edward Meyrick Edward Meyrick (25 November 1854, in Ramsbury – 31 March 1938, at Thornhanger, Marlborough) was an E ...

'' is apparently only found on '' G. tiliaefolia''. The parasitic wasp ''

Aprostocetus psyllidis ''Aprostocetus'' is a genus of hymenopteran insects of the family Eulophidae. The genus was erected by John O. Westwood in 1833. This very large group (about 800 described species) of parasitoid wasps has a global distribution. Species Widesp ...

'' of the

Eulophidae The Eulophidae are a large family of hymenopteran insects, with over 4,300 described species in some 300 genera. The family includes the genus ''Elasmus'', which used to be treated as a separate family, "Elasmidae", and is now treated as a subf ...

occurs on and around

phalsa ''Grewia asiatica'', commonly known as phalsa or falsa,Flora of Indi''Grewia asiatica''/ref> is a species of flowering plant in the mallow family Malvaceae. It was first found in Varanasi, India, and was taken by Buddhist scholars to other Asian ...

(''G. asiatica''). Its larvae are

parasitoid In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host (biology), host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host. Parasitoidism is one of six major evolutionarily stable str ...

s of other insects - possibly

pest Pest or The Pest may refer to: Science and medicine * Pest (organism), an animal or plant deemed to be detrimental to humans or human concerns ** Weed, a plant considered undesirable * Infectious disease, an illness resulting from an infection ** ...

s of the plant, but this is not known for sure. Several species, namely phalsa, are known for their edible fruit, which are of local commercial importance. The astringent and refreshing ''Grewia''

drupe In botany, a drupe (or stone fruit) is an indehiscent fruit in which an outer fleshy part (exocarp, or skin, and mesocarp, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the ''pit'', ''stone'', or '' pyrena'') of hardened endocarp with a seed (''kernel'') ...

s are particularly popular in summertime. Folk medicine makes use of some species, which are reputed to cure upset stomachs and some skin and intestinal infections, and seem to have mild

antibiotic An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria. It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of ...

properties. '' G. mollis'' is reputed to contain

β-carboline β-Carboline (9''H''- pyrido ,4-''b'' ndole) represents the basic chemical structure for more than one hundred alkaloids and synthetic compounds. The effects of these substances depend on their respective substituent. Natural β-carbolines prima ...

alkaloid Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar ...

s, though whether such compounds occur in other species too and whether they are produced in quantities to render the plants

psychoactive A psychoactive drug, psychopharmaceutical, psychoactive agent or psychotropic drug is a chemical substance, that changes functions of the nervous system, and results in alterations in perception, mood, consciousness, cognition or behavior. Th ...

has not been thoroughly studied. In

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

, the bark of the ''Grewia'' tree is mixed with the soapy '' kinpun'' (''Senegalia rugata'') fruit and sometimes

lime Lime commonly refers to: * Lime (fruit), a green citrus fruit * Lime (material), inorganic materials containing calcium, usually calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide * Lime (color), a color between yellow and green Lime may also refer to: Botany ...

to make the traditional shampoo ''

tayaw kinpun ''Tayaw kinpun'' ( my, တရော် ကင်ပွန်း, ; also transliterated ''tayaw kinmun'' or ''tayaw kinbun'') is a traditional shampoo used in Myanmar. Its main ingredients are the bark of the '' tayaw'' (''Grewia'') tree and the ...

'', which remains widely used by the Burmese people and commonly sold in the country's open-air markets, typically in plastic bags. Explorer

Ludwig Leichhardt Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Leichhardt (), known as Ludwig Leichhardt, (23 October 1813 – c. 1848) was a German explorer and naturalist, most famous for his exploration of northern and central Australia.Ken Eastwood,'Cold case: Leichhardt's dis ...

described preparing a refreshing drink from the seeds of native Australian species ''G. polygama''.

Selected species

* ''

Grewia abutifolia ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' (= ''G. sclerophylla'' Roxb. ex G. Don, ''Sterculia tiliacea'' Leveille) * '' Grewia asiatica'' – phalsa, falsa * ''

Grewia avellana ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, thes ...

'' Hiern. (= ''G. calycina'' N.E.Br., ''G. hydrophila'' K.Schum., ''G. perennans'' K.Schum.) * ''

Grewia bicolor ''Grewia bicolor'', called bastard brandy bush, false brandy bush, two-coloured grewia, white-leaved grewia, white-leaved raisin, white raisin and donkey berry (a name it shares with '' Grewia flavescens''), is a species of flowering plant in the ...

'' Juss. (= ''G. disticha'' Dinter & Burret, ''G. grisea'', ''G. kwebensis'' N.E.Br., ''G. miniata'' Mast. ex Hiern., ''G. mossambicensis'') * ''

Grewia biloba ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' G.Don – Bilobed Grewia (= ''G. biloba'' var. ''glabrescens'' (Benth.) Rehder, ''G. glabrescens'' Benth., ''G. parviflora'' var. ''glabrescens'' (Benth.) Rehder & E.H.Wilson) ** ''Grewia biloba'' var. ''microphylla'' (Maxim) Hand.-Mazz. (= ''G. parviflora'' var. ''microphylla'' Maxim.) ** ''Grewia biloba'' var. ''parviflora'' (Bunge) Hand.-Mazz. (= ''G. chanetii'' H.Lév., ''G. parviflora'' Bunge, ''G. parviflora'' var. ''velutina'' Pampanini) * ''

Grewia bilocularis ''Grewia bilocularis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae. It is found only in Yemen Yemen (; ar, ٱلْيَمَن, al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen,, ) is a ...

'' Balf.f. * ''

Grewia caffra ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' Meisn. (= ''G. fruticetorum'' J.R.Drummond ex Baker f.) * ''

Grewia calymmatosepala ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' K.Schum. * ''

Grewia celtidifolia ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' Juss. (= ''G. asiatica'' var. ''celtidifolia'' (Jussieu) L.F.Gagnepain, ''G. simaoensis'' Y.Y.Qian, ''G. yunnanensis'' H.T.Chang) * ''

Grewia ciclea ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' ''andilambarika'' ( Malagasy) * ''

Grewia crenata ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' (J.R.Forst.) Schinz & Guillaumin (= ''G. malococca, G. persicaefolia, G. prunifolia, Mallococca crenata'') – ''au‘ere'' (

Cook Islands ) , image_map = Cook Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg , capital = Avarua , coordinates = , largest_city = Avarua , official_languages = , lan ...

), ''fau ui'' (

Samoa Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands (Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands (Manono Island, Manono an ...

), ''fo ui'' (

Tonga Tonga (, ; ), officially the Kingdom of Tonga ( to, Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is a Polynesian country and archipelago. The country has 171 islands – of which 45 are inhabited. Its total surface area is about , scattered over in ...

) * ''Grewia damine'' Gaertn. (= ''G. tiliifolia'' Vahl) * ''

Grewia eriocarpa ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' Juss. (= ''G. boehmeriifolia'' Kanehira & Sasaki, ''G. elastica'' Royle, ''G. lantsangensis'' Hu) * ''

Grewia flava ''Grewia flava'', the brandy bush, wild currant, velvet raisin, or raisin tree, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known s ...

'' DC. (= ''G. cana'' Sond., ''G. hermannioides'' Harv.) * ''

Grewia flavescens ''Grewia flavescens'', called rough-leaved raisin, sandpaper raisin, and donkey berry (a name it shares with '' Grewia bicolor''), is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to subSaharan Africa, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Indi ...

'' Juss. (= ''G. flavescens'' var. ''longipedunculata'' Burret) * ''

Grewia glabra ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' Blume – sometimes included in ''G. multiflora'' * ''

Grewia glandulosa ''Grewia glandulosa'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae. It is found only in Seychelles. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and ...

'' Vahl (= ''G. salicifolia'' Schinz) * ''

Grewia goetzeana ''Grewia goetzeana'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae. It is found only in Tanzania. References

Grewia, goetzeana Endemic flora of Tanzania Data deficient plants Taxon ...

'' K.Schum. * ''

Grewia hexamita ''Grewia hexamita'', the giant raisin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to Mozambique and adjoining countries. It is a large tree for a ''Grewia'', reaching . It is the most preferred woody plant of African savanna ...

'' Burret (= ''G. messinica'' Burtt Davy & Greenway, ''G. schweickerdtii'' Burret) * ''

Grewia hirsuta ''Grewia hirsuta'' is an Asian species of flowering plant in the mallow family, Malvaceae Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importa ...

'' Vahl. * ''

Grewia hornbyi ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' Wild * ''

Grewia inaequilatera ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' Garcke * ''

Grewia insularis ''Grewia insularis '' is a species of flowering plant in the Malvaceae, or mallow family, that is endemic to Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the north-eastern Indian Ocean. Its specific epithet is the Latin for insular, referring ...

'' Ridl. ( Christmas Island) * ''

Grewia lasiocarpa ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, thes ...

'' E.Mey. ex Harv. * ''

Grewia latifolia ''Grewia latifolia'' is a small shrub that is endemic to Northern and Eastern Australia. Its fruits have a distinct similarity to dog testicles, giving rise to the common name of dogs balls. Other common names include emu berry and dysentery plan ...

'' F.Muell. ex Benth. * ''

Grewia limae ''Grewia limae'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae. It is found only in Mozambique Mozambique (), officially the Republic of Mozambique ( pt, Moçambique or , ; ny, Moza ...

'' Wild * ''

Grewia microthyrsa ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family (biology), family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniacea ...

'' K.Schum. ex Burret * ''

Grewia mollis ''Grewia mollis'' is a widespread species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical Africa, Yemen and Oman. It is the source of grewia gum, an edible polysaccharide mucilage, similar in its properties to tragacanth gum. It ...

'' Juss. * ''

Grewia monticola ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family (biology), family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniacea ...

'' Sond. (= ''G. cordata'' N.E.Br., ''G. discolor'', N.E.Br.) * ''

Grewia multiflora ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' Juss. (= ''G. didyma'' Roxb. ex G.Don, ''G. disperma'' Rottler, ''G. guazumifolia'' Juss., ''G. jinghongensis'' Y.Y.Qian, ''G. oblongifolia'' Blume, ''G. serrulata'' DC.) * ''

Grewia occidentalis ''Grewia occidentalis'', the crossberry, is a small, hardy, attractive tree indigenous to Southern Africa. Description A small, scrambling, deciduous tree reaching a height of about 3 m, its purple, star-shaped flowers appear in summer, ...

'' L. – Crossberry * ''

Grewia olukondae ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' Schinz. (= ''G. flavescens'' var. ''olukondae'' (Schinz) Wild) * ''

Grewia optiva ''Grewia optiva'', the bhimal, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to the Indian Subcontinent. A small tree, it has a number of agro-forestry uses. It is a good forage species, particularly in winter when no other lea ...

'' J.R.Drumm. ex Burret (= ''G. oppositifolia'' Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) * ''

Grewia orientalis ''Grewia orientalis'' is a species of flowering plant in India and Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known ...

'' Carl Linnaeus * '' Grewia oxyphylla'' Burret * ''

Grewia pachycalyx ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' K.Schum. * ''

Grewia picta ''Grewia picta'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is found only in Seychelles. It is threatened by habitat loss. References picta The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) is an inter-governmental organization that aims ...

'' (= ''G. aldabrensis'' Baker * ''

Grewia retinervis ''Grewia retinervis'' (Afrikaans: ''basterskurweblaarrosyntjie'', roughly translated " Baster curved-leaf grape") is a plant native to Namibia and South Africa. It is found in the North West and Limpopo Limpopo is the northernmost province ...

'' Burret (= ''G. deserticola'' Ulbr.) * ''

Grewia retusifolia ''Grewia retusifolia'' is a shrub species in the family Malvaceae. Common names include dysentery bush, emu-berry, dog's balls, turkey bush and diddle diddle. It is widespread in tropical and subtropical areas of Eastern Australia and Northern W ...

'' Kurz * ''

Grewia robusta ''Grewia robusta'' is a multi-stemmed shrub or small tree, up to 3 m high, endemic to the semi-desert Karoo of South Africa, and very similar to ''Grewia occidentalis''. It is one of some 325 species of ''Grewia'' in the family Malvaceae, and ha ...

'' Burch * '' Grewia rothii'' DC * ''

Grewia savannicola ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, thes ...

'' ("Dogs balls")R.L.Barrett * ''

Grewia schinzii ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' K.Schum. (= ''G. velutinissima'' Dunkley) * ''

Grewia similis ''Grewia similis'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, native to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, eastern Tropical Africa, and Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop' ...

'' K.Schum. * ''

Grewia stolzii ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' Ulbr. * ''

Grewia sulcata ''Grewia'' is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these ...

'' Mast. * '' Grewis tembensis'' Fresen. * ''

Grewia tenax ''Grewia tenax'', called the phalsa cherry, white crossberry, raisin bush, gangara, gangu, or kanger, is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae. It is native to Africa, from the Sahara to Tanzania and parts of southern Africa, the A ...

'' (Forssk.) (= ''Chadara tenax'' Forssk., ''G. populifolia'' Vahl) * ''

Grewia tiliifolia ''Grewia tiliifolia'' (syn. ''Grewia damine'') is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato''. A tree reaching , it is found in monsoon and intermediate forest gaps and fringes of Sri Lanka, where the plant is known as "da ...

'' Vahl (= ''G. rotunda'' C.Y.Wu, ''G. tiliaefolia'' (''

lapsus In philology, a lapsus (Latin for "lapse, slip, error") is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking. Investigations In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and K ...

''), ''Tilia rotunda'' C.Y.Wu & H.T.Chang) * ''

Grewia transzambesica ''Grewia transzambesica'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae. It is found only in Mozambique. This species is a shrub or small tree up to 7m tall occurring in '' Brachystegia'' ...

'' Wild * ''

Grewia turbinata ''Grewia turbinata'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae. It is found only in Yemen. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forest A forest is an area of land ...

'' Balf.f. * ''

Grewia villosa ''Grewia villosa'' is a shrub, often scrambling and hardly exceeding 4 m in height. Leaves are fairly large, serrated and heart-shaped. It grows naturally, mainly in dry habitats. It is common in most of the semi-arid parts of Eastern Africa but ...

'' Willd.

Formerly placed here

Some species once placed in ''Grewia'' (or genera synonymous with it) have since been moved elsewhere, particularly to ''

Microcos ''Microcos'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae. Species '' Plants of the World Online'' lists: * '' Microcos africana'' (Hook.f.) Burret * '' Microcos antidesmifolia'' (King) B ...

'': * ''

Alangium salviifolium ''Alangium salviifolium'', commonly known as sage-leaved alangium, is a flowering plant in the Cornaceae family. It is also commonly known as Ankolam in Malayalam, Ankola in Kannada, Akola or Ankol in Hindi and Alanji in Tamil. In India, Its mos ...

'' (as ''G. salviifolia'' L.f.) * ''

Dombeya boehmiana ''Dombeya'' is a flowering plant genus. Traditionally included in the family Sterculiaceae, it is included in the expanded Malvaceae in the APG and most subsequent systematics. These plants are known by a number of vernacular names which sometim ...

'' (as ''Vincentia boehmiana'' (F.Hoffm.) Burret)Hinsley (2008b) * ''

Kleinhovia hospita ''Kleinhovia hospita'' (guest tree syn. ''Kleinhovia serrata'' Blanco, ''Grewia meyeniana'' Walp.) is an evergreen, tropical tree native to Indonesia, Malaysia and other parts of tropical Asia. It is monotypic, being the only species in the genu ...

'' (as ''G. meyeniana'') * ''

Microcos chungii ''Microcos'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae. Species ''Plants of the World Online'' lists: * ''Microcos africana'' (Hook.f.) Burret * '' Microcos antidesmifolia'' (King) Bur ...

'' (as ''G. chungii'' Merr. * ''

Microcos nervosa ''Microcos'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae. Species '' Plants of the World Online'' lists: * '' Microcos africana'' (Hook.f.) Burret * '' Microcos antidesmifolia'' (King) B ...

'' – possibly belongs in ''M. paniculata'' (as ''G. nervosa'' (Lour.) Panigrahi) * '' Microcos paniculata'' (as ''G. microcos'' L. and possibly ''G. nervosa'' (Lour.) Panigrahi) * ''

Microcos triflora ''Microcos'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae. Species ''Plants of the World Online'' lists: * ''Microcos africana'' (Hook.f.) Burret * '' Microcos antidesmifolia'' (King) Bur ...

'' (as ''G. stylocarpa'' Warb. and ''G. stylocarpa'' var. ''longipetiolata'' Merr.) * ''

Trichospermum mexicanum ''Trichospermum'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae or Sparrmanniaceae. Species are distributed in Malesia to the tropical Americas. Species ''Plants of the World Online'' lists: *''Trichospermum ...

'' (as ''G. mexicana'' DC.)

Footnotes

References

* (2001)
Angiosperm Families Containing Beta-Carbolines
Version of 2001-OCT-04. Retrieved 2008-JUN-25. * (2007): ''Flowering Plant Families of the World''. Firefly Books, Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. * (2008a)
Partial Synonymy of ''Grewia''
Retrieved 2008-JUN-25. * (2008b)
Partial Synonymy of ''Dombeya''
Retrieved 2008-JUN-25. * (2007a): Germplasm Resources Information Network
''Grewia''
Retrieved 2008-JUN-25. * (2007b)
USDA Plants Profile: ''Grewia''
Retrieved 2008-JUN-25. {{Taxonbar, from=Q80212 Malvaceae genera Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus