Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or

lightness Lightness is a visual perception of the luminance (L) of an object. It is often judged relative to a similarly lit object. In colorimetry and color appearance models, lightness is a prediction of how an illuminated color will appear to a stan ...

(or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.

Computer web color greens

Green

The color defined as ''green'' in the

RGB color model The RGB color model is an additive color model in which the red, green and blue primary colors of light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additiv ...

is the brightest green that can be reproduced on a computer screen, and is the color named ''green'' in X11. It is one of the three primary colors used in the RGB color space along with red and blue. The three additive primaries in the RGB color system are the three colors of light chosen such as to provide the maximum range of colors that are capable of being represented on a computer or television set. RGB illumination

This color is also called ''regular green''. It is at precisely 120 degrees on the HSV color wheel, also known as the RGB color wheel ( Image of RGB color wheel). Its complementary color is magenta. HTML/CSS uses the name ''lime'' for this color, using ''green'' to refer to a darker shade. See the chart Color names that clash between X11 and HTML/CSS in the X11 color names article to see those colors which are different in HTML and X11. Green takes up a large portion of the CIE chromaticity diagram because it is in the central area of human color perception.

Green (HTML/CSS color)

The color defined as ''green'' in HTML/CSS color standard is the color called green, low green, or medium green in many of the older eight-bit computer palettes. Another name for this color is ''green W3C'' or ''office green''.

Dark green (X11)

This is the X11/HTML color ''dark green''.

Light green

''Light green'' is a light tint of green.

Lime green

''Lime green'' is a web color. It is a vivid yellowish shade of green.

Bright green

This is the color ''bright green''.

Pale green

This is the X11/HTML color ''pale green''.

Erin

The first recorded use of ''erin'' as a color name was in 1922.

Harlequin

''Harlequin'' is a color described as being located between green and yellow (closer to green than to yellow) on the color wheel. On color plate 17 in the 1930 book ''A Dictionary of Color'' (see reference below), the color ''harlequin'' is shown as being a highly saturated rich color at a position halfway between chartreuse and green. Thus in modern color terminology, harlequin is the color halfway between green and chartreuse green on the RGB color wheel. The first recorded use of ''harlequin'' as a color name in English was in 1923. Harlequin is a pure spectral color at approximately 552 nanometers on the visible spectrum when plotted on the CIE chromaticity diagram. Silver Patron tequila is sold in harlequin-colored boxes. ''Harlequin'' is also an adjective used to describe something that is colored in a pattern, usually a diamond-shaped pattern, as in the dress traditionally associated with harlequins. Similarly, it can mean anything multicolored or prismatic, such as opals or other precious gems which are highly variegated in color and hue. In the early 2000s, a harlequin color paint was invented for automobiles that appears different colors from different angles of view.

Neon green

''Neon green'' is a bright tone of green used in psychedelic art and in fashion.

Additional definitions of green

Green (CMYK) (pigment green)

The color defined as ''green'' in the CMYK color system used in printing, also known as ''pigment green'', is the tone of green that is achieved by mixing process (printer's) cyan and process (printer's) yellow in equal proportions. The purpose of the CMYK color system is to provide the maximum possible gamut of color reproducible in printing. The color indicated is only approximate as the colors of printing inks may vary. The color displayed is an approximation of the CMYK color on an RGB screen, and cannot replicate the color accurately.

Green (NCS) (psychological primary green)

The color defined as ''green'' in the NCS or Natural Color System is NCS 2060-G. The natural color system is a color system based on the four

unique hues Unique hue is a term used in certain theories of color vision, which implies that human perception distinguishes between "unique" (psychologically primary) and composite (mixed) hues. A unique hue is defined as a color which an observer perceives ...

psychological primary color A set of primary colors or primary colours (see spelling differences) consists of colorants or colored lights that can be mixed in varying amounts to produce a gamut of colors. This is the essential method used to create the perception of a ...

s red, yellow, green, and blue. The NCS is based on the opponent process theory of vision. The Natural Color System is widely used in Scandinavia.

Green (Munsell)

The Munsell color system (Munsell 5G) includes a color defined as ''green''. The Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (

), and chroma (color purity), spaced uniformly in three dimensions in the elongated oval at an angle shaped Munsell color solid according to the

logarithmic scale A logarithmic scale (or log scale) is a way of displaying numerical data over a very wide range of values in a compact way—typically the largest numbers in the data are hundreds or even thousands of times larger than the smallest numbers. Such a ...

which governs human perception. In order for all the colors to be spaced uniformly, it was found necessary to use a color wheel with five primary colors—red, yellow, green, blue, and purple. The Munsell colors displayed are only approximate as they have been adjusted to fit into the sRGB gamut.

Green (Pantone)

''Green (Pantone)'' is the color that is called ''green'' in Pantone. The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color # green C, EC, HC, PC, U, or UP—green.

Green (Crayola)

''Green (Crayola)'' is the color called ''green'' in Crayola crayons. Green was one of the original Crayola crayons introduced in 1903.

Green in biological nature

Green is common in nature, especially in plants. Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as

chlorophyll Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words , ("pale green") and , ("leaf"). Chlorophyll allow plants to a ...

which is involved in photosynthesis. The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2002. Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants. Due to varying ratios of chlorophylls (and different amounts as well as other plant pigments being present), the plant kingdom exhibits many shades of green in both hue (true color) and value (lightness/darkness). The chlorophylls in living plants have distinctive green colors, while dried or cooked portions of plants are different shades of green due to the chlorophyll molecules losing their inner magnesium ion.

Artichoke green (Pantone)

This is the color called artichoke green in Pantone. The source is Pantone 18-0125 TPX.

Evergreen

Evergreen is a color that resembles evergreens. It is currently unknown when ''evergreen'' was first used as a color name.

Fern green

Fern green is a color that resembles ferns. A Crayola crayon named ''fern'' was created in 1998. The first recorded use of ''fern green'' as a color name in English was in 1902.

Forest green

Forest green refers to a green color said to resemble the color of the trees and other plants in a forest. The first recorded use of ''forest green'' as the name of a color in the English language was in 1810.

Honeydew

The color honeydew is a representation of the color of the interior flesh of a honeydew melon.

Jungle green

In 1990, Crayola named and formulated a specific tone called jungle green. The first recorded use of ''jungle green'' as a name of a color in the English language was in 1926.

Kelly green

Kelly green is an intense, pure green named after the common Irish family name, Kelly. It evokes the lush green Irish meadows and is also commonly associated with St. Patrick’s Day.

Laurel green

Laurel green is a medium light hue of chartreuish gray similar to asparagus, but lighter. The first recorded use of ''laurel green'' as a name of a color in the English language was in 1705.

Mantis

Mantis is a color that is a representation of the color of a praying mantis. The first use of ''mantis'' as a color name in English was when it was included as one of the colors on the Xona.com color list, promulgated in 2001.

Mint green

Mint green is a pale tint of green that resembles the color of mint green pigment, and was a popular color in the 1990s.

Myrtle

Myrtle is a dark green shade that resembles the color of

Myrtus ''Myrtus'' (commonly called myrtle) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae. It was first described by Swedish botanist Linnaeus in 1753. Over 600 names have been proposed in the genus, but nearly all have either been moved ...

leaves.

Sap green

Sap green is a green-looking pigment that was traditionally made of ripe

buckthorn ''Rhamnus'' is a genus of about 110 accepted species of shrubs or small trees, commonly known as buckthorns, in the family Rhamnaceae. Its species range from tall (rarely to ) and are native mainly in east Asia and North America, but found thr ...

berries. However, modern colors marketed under this name are usually a blend of other pigments, commonly with a basis of

Phthalocyanine Green G Phthalocyanine green G, which has many commercial names, is a synthetic green pigment from the group of phthalocyanine dyes, a complex of copper(II) with chlorinated phthalocyanine. It is a soft green powder, which is insoluble in water.. It is ...

. It is one of the greens used in '' The Joy of Painting''.

Tea green

Tea green is a light shade of green. It is a representation of the color of brewed

green tea Green tea is a type of tea that is made from '' Camellia sinensis'' leaves and buds that have not undergone the same withering and oxidation process which is used to make oolong teas and black teas. Green tea originated in China, and since the ...

, i.e., the color of the hot green tea after the green tea leaves have been brewed in boiling water. The first recorded use of ''tea green'' as a color name in English was in 1858.

Green in non-biological nature

Emerald

Emerald, also called ''emerald green'', is a tone of green that is particularly light and bright, with a faint bluish cast. The name derives from the typical appearance of the

emerald Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium.Hurlbut, Cornelius S. Jr. and Kammerling, Robert C. (1991) ''Gemology'', John Wiley & Sons, New York, p ...

gemstone A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, or semiprecious stone) is a piece of mineral crystal which, in cut and polished form, is used to make jewelry or other adornments. However, certain rocks (such as lapis lazuli, opal, ...

. The first recorded use of ''emerald'' as a color name in English was in 1598. Ireland is sometimes referred to as the ''Emerald Isle'' due to its lush greenery. The May birthstone is emerald. Seattle is sometimes referred to as the ''Emerald City'', because its abundant rainfall creates lush vegetation. In the Middle Ages, ''The

Emerald Tablet The ''Emerald Tablet'', also known as the ''Smaragdine Tablet'' or the ''Tabula Smaragdina'' (Latin, from the Arabic: , ''Lawḥ al-zumurrudh''), is a compact and cryptic Hermetic text. It was highly regarded by Islamic and European alchemists a ...

of Hermes Trismegistus'' was believed to contain the secrets of alchemy. "Emerald City", from the story of '' The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'', by L. Frank Baum, is a city where everything from food to people are emerald green. However, it is revealed at the end of the story that everything in the city is normal colored, but the glasses everyone wears are emerald tinted. The Green Zone in Baghdad is sometimes ironically and cynically referred to as the ''Emerald City''. The '' Emerald Buddha'' is a figurine of the sitting Buddha, made of green

jade Jade is a mineral used as jewellery or for ornaments. It is typically green, although may be yellow or white. Jade can refer to either of two different silicate minerals: nephrite (a silicate of calcium and magnesium in the amphibole group of ...

(rather than emerald), clothed in gold, and about 45 cm tall. It is kept in the ''Chapel of the Emerald Buddha'' ( Wat Phra Kaew) on the grounds of the

Grand Palace The Grand Palace ( th, พระบรมมหาราชวัง, Royal Institute of Thailand. (2011). ''How to read and how to write.'' (20th Edition). Bangkok: Royal Institute of Thailand. .) is a complex of buildings at the heart of Ban ...

in Bangkok. The Emerald Triangle refers to the three counties of Mendocino,

Humboldt Humboldt may refer to: People * Alexander von Humboldt, German natural scientist, brother of Wilhelm von Humboldt * Wilhelm von Humboldt, German linguist, philosopher, and diplomat, brother of Alexander von Humboldt Fictional characters * ...

, and Trinity in Northern California, United States because these three counties are the biggest

marijuana Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the cannabis plant. Native to Central or South Asia, the cannabis plant has been used as a drug for both recreational and entheogenic purposes and in various tra ...

producing counties in California and also the US. A county-commissioned study reports pot accounts for up to two-thirds of the economy of Mendocino. ''Emerald Cities: Urban Sustainability and Economic Development'' is a book published in 2010 by Joan Fitzgerald, director of the law, policy and society program at

Northeastern University Northeastern University (NU) is a private university, private research university with its main campus in Boston. Established in 1898, the university offers undergraduate and graduate programs on its main campus as well as satellite campuses in ...

, about ecologically sustainable city planning. Emerald was invented in Germany in 1814. By taking acetic acid, mixing and boiling it with vinegar, and then by adding some arsenic, a bright blue-green hue was formed. The

normalized color coordinates Normalization or normalisation refers to a process that makes something more normal or regular. Most commonly it refers to: * Normalization (sociology) or social normalization, the process through which ideas and behaviors that may fall outside of ...

for emerald are identical to the color Paris green, which is the name introduced in England during the 19th century to market the dye that resulted from using the toxic

inorganic compound In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as '' inorganic chemist ...

created in Germany. It was notorious for causing deaths due to it being a popular color used for wallpaper. Victorian women used this bright color for dresses, and florists used it on fake flowers.

Green earth

The color green earth is also known as ''terre verte'' and ''Verona green''. It is an inorganic pigment derived from the minerals celadonite and glauconite.

Hooker's green

Hooker's green is a dark green color created by mixing

Prussian blue Prussian blue (also known as Berlin blue, Brandenburg blue or, in painting, Parisian or Paris blue) is a dark blue pigment produced by oxidation of ferrous ferrocyanide salts. It has the chemical formula Fe CN)">Cyanide.html" ;"title="e(Cyanid ...

and gamboge. Hooker's green takes its name from botanical artist William Hooker (1779–1832) who first created it particularly for illustrating leaves.

Jade

Jade, also called ''jade green'', is a representation of the color of the

called

, although the stone itself varies widely in hue. The color name ''jade green'' was first used in Spanish in the form ''piedra de ijada'' in 1569. The first recorded use of ''jade green'' as a color name in English was in 1892.

Malachite

Malachite, also called ''malachite green'', is a color that is a representation of the color of the mineral malachite. The first recorded use of ''malachite green'' as a color name in English was in the 1200s (exact year uncertain).

Sea green

Sea green is a color that resembles the hue of shallow seawater as seen from the surface.

Other notable green colors

British racing green

Celadon

Celadon is a pale greyish shade of green, or rather a range of such shades. Celadon originates as a term for a class of Chinese ceramics, copied by Korea and Japan. However, the name, which is European, may originate from the character Celadon in '' L'Astrée'', a French pastoral novel of 1627, who wore a light green color. Celadon glazes were very common, with the green color being reliably produced from about the tenth century onwards; this was appreciated in Asia for resembling

, the most prestigious material of all. The glaze color comes from

iron oxide Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen. Several iron oxides are recognized. All are black magnetic solids. Often they are non-stoichiometric. Oxyhydroxides are a related class of compounds, perhaps the best known of whic ...

's transformation from ferric to ferrous iron (Fe₂O₃ → FeO) during the firing process,Dewar, Richard. (2002). ''Stoneware''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. , p. 42. but is affected by a wide range of other factors and chemicals, making the precise color very difficult to control. As well as green, a wide range of browns, yellows, greys and sometimes blues all count as "celadon".Vainker, S.J., ''Chinese Pottery and Porcelain'', 1991, British Museum Press, 9780714114705, pp.53–55

Hunter green

Hunter green is a color that is a representation of the color worn by

hunter Hunting is the human activity, human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, or killing wildlife or feral animals. The most common reasons for humans to hunt are to harvest food (i.e. meat) and useful animal products (fur/hide (skin), hide, ...

s in the 19th century. Most hunters began wearing the color olive drab instead of hunter green about the beginning of the 20th century. Some hunters still wear hunter green clothing or hunter green

bandana A kerchief (from the Old French ''couvrechief'', "cover head"), also known as a bandana, bandanna, or "Wild Rag" (in cowboy culture), is a triangular or square piece of cloth tied around the head, face or neck for protective or decorative purpos ...

s. The first recorded use of ''hunter green'' as a color name in English was in 1892. Hunter green has been the official primary color of the

Green Bay Packers The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The Packers compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the National Football Conference (NFC) NFC North, North division. It ...

since 1957, the

New York Jets The New York Jets are a professional American football team based in the New York metropolitan area. The Jets compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. The J ...

from 1998 to 2019, one of the two official colors of Ohio University and

Oswego State State University of New York at Oswego (SUNY Oswego or Oswego State) is a public college in the City of Oswego and Town of Oswego, New York. It has two campuses: historic lakeside campus in Oswego and Metro Center in Syracuse, New York. SUN ...

, and one of the two official colors of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. It is also one of the main colors of Deerfield Academy. In the bandana code of the gay leather subculture, a hunter green bandana, if worn on the left, indicates that one is a "leather daddy", whereas if a hunter green bandana is worn on the right, it indicates that one is looking for a leather daddy, i.e., looking for a "daddy-boy" relationship.Hankycode on gaycitiusa.com
access date 2012-03-30
access date 2010-03-30 Prison uniforms issued by the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision are colored hunter green. New York City uses hunter green on its construction site fences and sidewalk sheds.

India green

India green, the color of the lower band of the National Flag of India, represents fertility and prosperity.

Islamic green

The color green ( ar, أخضر) has a number of traditional associations in

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

. In the Quran, it is associated with Islamic paradise. It was also chosen as a color by pro-

Alid The Alids are those who claim descent from the '' rāshidūn'' caliph and Imam ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (656–661)—cousin, son-in-law, and companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad—through all his wives. The main branches are the (inc ...

(

Shi'a Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam. It holds that the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad designated Ali, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his S ...

) factions. Thus in 817, when the Abbasid caliph

al-Ma'mun Abu al-Abbas Abdallah ibn Harun al-Rashid ( ar, أبو العباس عبد الله بن هارون الرشيد, Abū al-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh ibn Hārūn ar-Rashīd; 14 September 786 – 9 August 833), better known by his regnal name Al-Ma'mu ...

adopted the Alid Ali al-Ridha a his heir-apparent, he also changed the dynastic color from black to green. The change was reverted al-Ma'mun had Ali killed, and returned to Baghdad in 819. Green remains particularly popular in Shi'ite iconography, but it is also widely used in by Sunni states. It is notably used in the flag of Saudi Arabia and flag of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.

MSU green

Green and white are the primary school colors representing

Michigan State University Michigan State University (Michigan State, MSU) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in East Lansing, Michigan. It was founded in 1855 as the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, the fi ...

. The university

board of trustees A board of directors (commonly referred simply as the board) is an executive committee that jointly supervises the activities of an organization, which can be either a for-profit or a nonprofit organization such as a business, nonprofit organiz ...

officially standardized MSU green as part of a larger university branding effort, replacing a lighter green (PMS 341) used from 1997 to 2010. The official color was chosen based on the traditional darker Spartan green found on the original university varsity letter jackets and marching band jackets. The official green of Michigan State University is represented by Pantone Matching System ink color 567 (PMS 567).

NDHU green

NDHU green is the official color of National Dong Hwa University, adopted in 1994. The university officially set NDHU green as part of a larger university branding effort. It represents the books, forest of knowledge, and its campus with nature-based setting.

Pakistan green

Pakistan green is a shade of dark green, used in web development and graphic design. It is also the background color of the

national flag of Pakistan The flag of Pakistan ( ur, ) traces its current form back to a meeting of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on 11 August 1947, three days before the Partition of British India, when it was adopted by the All-India Muslim League as the offic ...

. It is almost identical to the HTML/ X11 dark green in

sRGB sRGB is a standard RGB (red, green, blue) color space that HP and Microsoft created cooperatively in 1996 to use on monitors, printers, and the World Wide Web. It was subsequently standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission ( ...

and HSV values.

Persian green

Persian green is a color used in Persian pottery and Persian carpets in Iran. The first recorded use of ''Persian green'' as a color name in English was in 1892.

Russian green

The first recorded use of Russian green as a color name in English was in the 1830s (exact year uncertain). The term appears to refer to the medium shade of green worn by most regiments of the Imperial Russian Army from 1700 to 1914.

SGBUS green

SGBUS green is the color voted by the public and used by Singapore to color all its government-owned public buses.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Variations of Green