Green-throated Mountaingem

The green-throated mountaingem or green-throated mountain-gem (''Lampornis viridipallens'') is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world'' Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip xls zipped 1 MBretrieved 27 May 2021

Taxonomy and systematics

The green-throated mountaingem has sometimes been considered conspecific with its close relative the green-breasted mountaingem (''Lampornis sybillae'').Züchner, T. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Green-throated Mountain-gem (''Lampornis viridipallens''), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.gtmgem1.01 retrieved 18 May 2022 It has these four subspecies:

*''L. v. amadoni'' Rowley, JS (1968)
*''L. v. ovandensis'' Brodkorb (1939)
*''L. v. viridipallens'' Bourcier & Mulsant (1846)
*''L. v. nubivagus'' Dickey & Van Rossem (1929)

Subspecies ''L. v. ovandensis'' differs very little from the nominate ''L. v. viridipallens'' and might better be merged with it.

Description

The green-throated mountaingem is long and weighs about . Both sexes of all subspecies have a straight black bill, a white stripe behind the eye above a dark cheek, and a slightly forked tail.

Adult males of the nominate subspecies have green upperparts with a bronzy rump and bluish black uppertail coverts. Their central tail feathers are black and the rest pale gray. Their throat is white with bluish green spots, their breast white, their belly grayish with green spots on the sides and flanks, and their undertail coverts dusky gray. Adult females have emerald green upperparts and an unspotted white throat but are otherwise like the male. Juveniles are like adult females but with a pale buffy throat.

Subspecies ''L. v. amadoni'' is darker overall than the nominate and is less bronzy on the rump. ''L. v. ovandensis'' differs from the nominate only in having a lesser extent of green spots on the sides and flanks. ''L. v. nubivagus'' has dark green upperparts and an intensely bronze rump.

Distribution and habitat

The subspecies of green-throated mountaingem are found thus:

*''L. v. amadoni'', the Sierra Atravesada in southeastern Oaxaca, Mexico
*''L. v. ovandensis'', Mexico's Chiapas state and northwestern Guatemala
*''L. v. viridipallens'', eastern Guatemala, extreme northern El Salvador, and western Honduras
*''L. v. nubivagus'', Santa Ana Volcano in western El Salvador

The species inhabits the interior and edges of humid evergreen and pine-oak forest. In elevation it ranges between .

Behavior

Movement

The green-throated mountaingem is sedentary.

Feeding

The green-throated mountaingem forages for nectar at all levels of the forest. Details of the plants it visits have not been described. In addition to nectar it also feeds on insects captured by hawking.

Breeding

The green-throated mountaingem is known to breed in March, April, June, and July, but no other information about its breeding phenology has been documented.

Vocalization

What is thought to be the green-throated mountaingem's song is "a complex warble of squeaky notes and buzzy, gurgling trills, 'tsee-tsee-glr-tsee-glr-tsee-glugluglugluglu-glr-glr-tsee'." Its calls include "a hard, buzzy 'zzrrt', a short 'tsik' and high-pitched thin 'see'."

Status

The IUCN has assessed the green-throated mountaingem as being of Least Concern, though its population size is unknown and believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It is considered generally common and is found in some protected areas. However, it has a restricted range and "parts of tshabitat are under threat of deforestation nd it isnot known to tolerate man-made habitats."

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q513267

green-throated mountaingem
Birds of Mexico
Birds of Guatemala
Birds of Honduras
Birds of El Salvador
green-throated mountaingem
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot