The green-tailed towhee (''Pipilo chlorurus'') is the smallest
towhee
A towhee is any one of a number of species of birds in the genus ''Pipilo'' or ''Melozone'' within the family Passerellidae (which also includes American sparrows, and juncos).
Towhees typically have longer tails than other Passerellidae. Most ...
, but is still one of the larger members of the
American sparrow
New World sparrows are a group of mainly New World passerine birds, forming the family Passerellidae. They are seed-eating birds with conical bills, brown or gray in color, and many species have distinctive head patterns.
Although they share t ...
family
Passerellidae
New World sparrows are a group of mainly New World passerine birds, forming the family Passerellidae. They are seed-eating birds with conical bills, brown or gray in color, and many species have distinctive head patterns.
Although they share t ...
.
Its breeding range covers most of the interior
Western United States
The Western United States (also called the American West, the Far West, and the West) is the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. As American settlement in the U.S. expanded westward, the meaning of the term ''the Wes ...
, with a winter range in
Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...
and the southern edge of the
Southwestern United States
The Southwestern United States, also known as the American Southwest or simply the Southwest, is a geographic and cultural region of the United States that generally includes Arizona, New Mexico, and adjacent portions of California, Colorado, Ne ...
.
This bird can be recognized by the bright green stripes on the edge of its wings. It has a distinct white throat and a
rufous
Rufous () is a color that may be described as reddish-brown or brownish-red, as of rust or oxidised iron. The first recorded use of ''rufous'' as a color name in English was in 1782. However, the color is also recorded earlier in 1527 as a dia ...
cap. It measures long and weighs .
[
It is fairly tame, but often stays hidden under a bush. It is fairly common in ]habitat
In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...
s with sagebrush
Sagebrush is the common name of several woody and herbaceous species of plants in the genus ''Artemisia''. The best known sagebrush is the shrub ''Artemisia tridentata''. Sagebrushes are native to the North American west.
Following is an alph ...
and other such bushes. It is uncommonly seen because of its tendency to stay under cover.
References
Further reading
Book
*
Thesis
* Beedy EC. Ph.D. (1982). ''Bird Community Structure in Coniferous Forests of Yosemite National Park, California''. University of California, Davis, United States, California.
* Kerley L. Ph.D. (1994). ''Bird responses to habitat fragmentation
Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), causing population fragmentation and ecosystem decay. Causes of habitat fragmentation include geological processes ...
caused by sagebrush management in a Wyoming sagebrush steppe ecosystem''. University of Wyoming, United States, Wyoming.
Articles
*Berry ME & Bock CE. (1998). ''Effects of habitat and landscape characteristics on avian breeding distributions in Colorado foothills shrub''. Southwestern Naturalist. vol 43, no 4. pp. 453–461.
*Bulluck L, Fleishman E, Betrus C & Blair R. (2006). ''Spatial and temporal variations in species occurrence rate affect the accuracy of occurrence models''. Global Ecology and Biogeography. vol 15, no 1. pp. 27–38.
*Dobbs RC & Martin PR. (2000). ''Winter nocturnal roost sites and behavior of some desert passerines in western Texas''. Western Birds. vol 31, no 2. pp. 120–122.
*Erickson RA & Wurster TE. (1998). ''Confirmation of nesting in Mexico for four bird species from the Sierra San Pedro Martir, Baja California''. Wilson Bulletin. vol 110, no 1. pp. 118–120.
*Ewert DN. (1980). ''Recognition of Conspecific Song by the Rufous-Sided Towhee Pipilo-Erythrophthalmus''. Animal Behaviour. vol 28, no 2. pp. 379–386.
*Garber D. (1969). ''Green-Tailed Towhee in Racine''. Passenger Pigeon. vol 31, no 4.
*Jehle G, Savidge JA & Kotliar NB. (2006). ''Green-tailed Towhee response to prescribed fire in montane shrubland''. Condor. vol 108, no 3. pp. 634–646.
*Knopf FL, Sedgwick JA & Inkley DB. (1990). ''Regional Correspondence among Shrubsteppe Bird Habitats''. Condor. vol 92, no 1. pp. 45–53.
*Martin TE. (1996). ''Fitness costs of resource overlap among coexisting bird species''. Nature. vol 380, no 6572. pp. 338–340.
*Martin TE. (1998). ''Are microhabitat preferences of coexisting species under selection and adaptive?''. Ecology. vol 79, no 2. pp. 656–670.
*Martin TE, Scott J & Menge C. (2000). ''Nest predation increases with parental activity: Separating nest site and parental activity effects''. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B. vol 267, no 1459. pp. 2287–2293.
*Meritt JK. (1976). ''Green-Tailed Towhee in Gloucester County New-Jersey USA''. Cassinia. vol 56, no 28.
*Mindell DP & Sites JWJ. (1987). ''Tissue Expression Patterns of Avian Isozymes a Preliminary Study of Phylogenetic Applications''. Systematic Zoology. vol 36, no 2. pp. 137–152.
*Morton ML. (1991). ''POSTFLEDGING DISPERSAL OF GREEN-TAILED TOWHEES TO A SUB-ALPINE MEADOW''. Condor. vol 93, no 2. pp. 466–468.
*Noson AC, Schmitz RA & Miller RF. (2006). ''Influence of fire and Juniper encroachment on birds in high-elevation sagebrush steppe''. Western North American Naturalist. vol 66, no 3. pp. 343–353.
*Odell EA & Knight RL. (2001). ''Songbird and medium-sized mammal communities associated with exurban development in Pitkin County, Colorado''. Conservation Biology. vol 15, no 4. pp. 1143–1150.
*Palacios MG & Martin TE. (2006). ''Incubation period and immune function: a comparative field study among coexisting birds''. Oecologia
''Oecologia'' is an international peer-reviewed English-language journal published by Springer since 1968 (some articles were published in German or French until 1976). The journal publishes original research in a range of topics related to plant ...
. vol 146, no 4. pp. 505–512.
*Pavlacky DC & Anderson SH. (2004). ''Comparative habitat use in a juniper woodland bird community''. Western North American Naturalist. vol 64, no 3. pp. 376–384.
*Ponshair JF. (1980). ''8 Species of Birds New for Ottawa County Michigan USA''. Jack Pine Warbler. vol 58, no 3.
*Sedgwick JA. (1987). ''Avian Habitat Relationships in Pinyon-Juniper Woodland''. Wilson Bulletin. vol 99, no 3. pp. 413–431.
*Spicer GS. (1978). ''A New Species and Several New Host Records of Avian Nasal Mites Acarina Rhinonyssinae Turbinoptinae''. Journal of Parasitology. vol 64, no 5. pp. 891–894.
*Zink RM & Blackwell RC. (1996). ''Patterns of allozyme, mitochondrial DNA, and morphometric variation in four sparrow genera''. Auk. vol 113, no 1. pp. 59–67.
*Zwartjes PW & Farley GH. (1998). ''Observations of breeding site fidelity of green-tailed towhees (Pipilo chlorurus) in central New Mexico''. Texas Journal of Science. vol 50, no 3. pp. 258–261.
External links
Green-tailed towhee photos and article
a
fireflyforest.net
*
*
*
*
*
– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
*
{{Taxonbar, from=Q945682
green-tailed towhee
The green-tailed towhee (''Pipilo chlorurus'') is the smallest towhee, but is still one of the larger members of the American sparrow family Passerellidae.
Its breeding range covers most of the interior Western United States, with a winter rang ...
Native birds of the Western United States
green-tailed towhee
The green-tailed towhee (''Pipilo chlorurus'') is the smallest towhee, but is still one of the larger members of the American sparrow family Passerellidae.
Its breeding range covers most of the interior Western United States, with a winter rang ...
green-tailed towhee
The green-tailed towhee (''Pipilo chlorurus'') is the smallest towhee, but is still one of the larger members of the American sparrow family Passerellidae.
Its breeding range covers most of the interior Western United States, with a winter rang ...