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Phanar Greek Orthodox College or Phanar Roman Orthodox Lyceum ( tr, Özel Fener Rum Lisesi), known in Greek as the Great School of the Nation and Patriarchal Academy of Constantinople ( el, Μεγάλη του Γένους Σχολή, ''Megáli toú Genous Scholí''), is the oldest surviving and most prestigious
Greek Orthodox The term Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία, ''Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía'', ) has two meanings. The broader meaning designates "the entire body of Orthodox (Chalcedonian) Christianity, sometimes also cal ...
school in
Istanbul ) , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 34000 to 34990 , area_code = +90 212 (European side) +90 216 (Asian side) , registration_plate = 34 , blank_name_sec2 = GeoTLD , blank_i ...
,
Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...
. The school, like all minority schools in Turkey, is a secular school.


History

Established in its current form in 1454 by the
Patriarch The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), the Hussite Church, Church of the East, and some Independent Catholic Churches are termed patriarchs (and in certai ...
, Gennadius Scholarius who appointed the
Thessalonian Thessaloniki (; el, Θεσσαλονίκη, , also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece, with over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of the geographic region of ...
Matthaios Kamariotis Matthaios Kamariotis ( el, Ματθαῖος Καμαριώτης; died 1490) was a Greek scholar of the Renaissance era, from Thessaloniki. He was a lecturer at the University of Constantinople and the first director of the Patriarchal Academy ...
as its first Director. It soon became the school of the prominent
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
(
Phanariotes Phanariots, Phanariotes, or Fanariots ( el, Φαναριώτες, ro, Fanarioți, tr, Fenerliler) were members of prominent Greek families in Phanar (Φανάρι, modern ''Fener''), the chief Greek quarter of Constantinople where the Ecumeni ...
) and other Orthodox families in the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
, and many Ottoman ministers as well as
Wallachia Wallachia or Walachia (; ro, Țara Românească, lit=The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country, ; archaic: ', Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and s ...
n and
Moldavia Moldavia ( ro, Moldova, or , literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic alphabet, Romanian Cyrillic: or ; chu, Землѧ Молдавскаѧ; el, Ἡγεμονία τῆς Μολδαβίας) is a historical region and for ...
n princes appointed by the Ottoman state, such as
Dimitrie Cantemir Dimitrie or Demetrius Cantemir (, russian: Дмитрий Кантемир; 26 October 1673 – 21 August 1723), also known by other spellings, was a Romanian prince, statesman, and man of letters, regarded as one of the most significant e ...
, graduated from it. The current school building is located near the Church of St. George in the neighborhood of
Fener Fener (; Greek: Φανάρι, ''Phanári''; in English also: Phanar) is a quarter midway up the Golden Horn in the district of Fatih in Istanbul, Turkey. Its name is a Turkish transliteration of the word "phanarion" (Medieval Greek: Φανάρι ...
(Phanar in Greek), which is the seat of the
Patriarchate Patriarchate ( grc, πατριαρχεῖον, ''patriarcheîon'') is an ecclesiological term in Christianity, designating the office and jurisdiction of an ecclesiastical patriarch. According to Christian tradition three patriarchates were est ...
. It is known among the locals with nicknames such as ''The Red Castle'' and ''The Red School''. Designed by the Greek architect Konstantinos Dimadis, the current building was erected between 1881 and 1883 with an eclectic mix of different styles and at a cost of 17,210 Ottoman gold pounds, a huge sum for that period. The money was given by
Georgios Zariphis Georgios Y. Zariphis ( el, Γεώργιος Ζαρίφης, tr, Yorgo Zarifi; 1810 – 28 March 1884), also known as Yorgo Zarifi, was a prominent Ottoman Greek banker and financier. He was also well known as a prominent benefactor of his time. ...
, a prominent Greek banker and financier belonging to the ''
Rum Rum is a liquor made by fermenting and then distilling sugarcane molasses or sugarcane juice. The distillate, a clear liquid, is usually aged in oak barrels. Rum is produced in nearly every sugar-producing region of the world, such as the Ph ...
'' community of Istanbul.Clogg (1998), fig. 15. Despite its function as a school, the building is often referred to as "the 5th largest castle in Europe" because of its castle-like shape. The large dome at the top of the building is used as an observatory for astronomy classes and has a large antique telescope inside. Today the school, which is the "second largest" school after the
Zografeion Lyceum Zografeion Lyceum or Zografyon Lyceum ( tr, Özel Zoğrafyon Rum Lisesi, el, Ζωγράφειον Λύκειον) is one of the remaining open Greek schools in Istanbul. The school is in the Istanbul city centre in the Beyoğlu district and ve ...
, has six Turkish teachers, while the remaining fifteen are Greek. The school (like all minority schools, as it is compulsory by law) applies the full Turkish curriculum in addition to Greek subjects: Greek language, literature and religion.


Gallery

File:Phanar_Greek_Orthodox_college_-_main_entry_-_P1030375.JPG, Greek Lycée of the Fener File:Greek Lyceum 2004.jpg, Greek Lycée of the Fener File:Greek Lyceum 8801.jpg, Greek Lycée of the Fener File:Greek Lyceum 8809.jpg, Greek Lycée of the Fener File:Phanar Greek Orthodox College building decorations.jpg, Greek Lycée of the Fener


See also

*
Phanar Ioakimio Greek High School for Girls The  National Ioakeimeion Girls' High School of Constantinople ( el, Εθνικόν Ιωακείμειον Παρθεναγωγείον Κωνσταντινουπόλεως; tr, Fener Yoakimyon Rum Kız Lisesi, 3=Phanar Ioakimion Greek High School ...
*
Fener Fener (; Greek: Φανάρι, ''Phanári''; in English also: Phanar) is a quarter midway up the Golden Horn in the district of Fatih in Istanbul, Turkey. Its name is a Turkish transliteration of the word "phanarion" (Medieval Greek: Φανάρι ...
* Greeks in Turkey *
Zografeion Lyceum Zografeion Lyceum or Zografyon Lyceum ( tr, Özel Zoğrafyon Rum Lisesi, el, Ζωγράφειον Λύκειον) is one of the remaining open Greek schools in Istanbul. The school is in the Istanbul city centre in the Beyoğlu district and ve ...
*
List of schools in Istanbul The list of high schools in Istanbul lists high schools within the city limits of Istanbul. Princes' Islands, Adalar * Heybeliada Anadolu Lisesi * Heybeliada Deniz Lisesi * Heybeliada Hüseyin Rahmi Gürpınar Çok Programlı Lisesi * Özel ...
*
Ottoman Greeks Ottoman Greeks ( el, Ρωμιοί; tr, Osmanlı Rumları) were ethnic Greeks who lived in the Ottoman Empire (1299–1922), much of which is in modern Turkey. Ottoman Greeks were Greek Orthodox Christians who belonged to the Rum Millet (''Millet ...


Notes


Sources

*


External links


Official site
{{Authority control Buildings and structures in Istanbul Educational institutions established in the 15th century Education in the Ottoman Empire Fatih Golden Horn Modern Greek Enlightenment High schools in Istanbul Greeks from the Ottoman Empire School buildings completed in 1883 Eastern Orthodox schools Eastern Orthodox Christian culture Greeks in Istanbul Minority schools