The Great Divine Temple, also known as the Cao Dai Cathedral (

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: ) or the Tay Ninh Holy See ( vi, Tòa Thánh Tây Ninh ), is a religious building in the Cao Dai Holy See complex in Tây Ninh province, Southeast Vietnam. It is the first and most important temple of Caodaism in Vietnam.

History

Following the establishment of the religion in 1926, 96 acres of forested land at Bau Ca Na in Long Thanh hamlet, previously owned by a Frenchman called Aspar, was acquired for the construction of the Holy See. Groundbreaking took place in 1931, but due to insufficient budget, the actual construction did not start until 1936. The building was completed in 1947.

Architecture

The Cao Đài Holy Land is located east of Tây Ninh, the provincial capital, and northwest of

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. It covers an area of approximately and has a total of twelve entrances, including a main gate known as and eleven numbered gates. The main gate is kept closed, except when guests are arriving. The Holy See complex consists of the central Great Divine Temple, the main administrative offices, residences for high officials and adepts working on the grounds, and other major facilities. The building is oriented east to west, with its rear area facing east and its two-towered façade facing west. The temple is long and wide. The temple building consists of three areas. From front to back, they are: Hiệp Thiên Đài, Cửu Trùng Đài, and Bát Quái Đài. The interior of the temple is decorated with the symbol of the Divine Eye worshipped by Caodaists. The front part, Hiệp Thiên Đài, has two 27-meter-tall towers on either side. The left is a

bell tower A bell tower is a tower that contains one or more bells, or that is designed to hold bells even if it has none. Such a tower commonly serves as part of a Christian church, and will contain church bells, but there are also many secular bell tower ...

and the right is a drum tower. Each tower has six floors whose heights are not the same. The bottom three floors are connected by a structure that spans the space between the towers. The ground floor of this connecting structure, immediately behind the main entrance, is known as Tịnh Tâm Điện. It is divided into three spaces with the main hall in the middle, and the right and left sides serving as entry spaces for men and for women, respectively. The middle part of the temple is Cửu Trùng Đài, a long space divided into nine levels from low to high, corresponding to the nine ranks in the Cao Đài spiritual hierarchy. The fifth level is the area for bishops. On the roof right above this level rises a high tower known as Nghinh Phong Đài. Its lower half is square, while its upper part is circular. Qian-Kun ball

The last part of the Great Divine Temple is the Bát Quái Đài, which consists of a high octagonal-shaped tower. In Caodaist tradition, this is the place of Đức chí Tôn (

Jade Emperor The Jade Emperor or Yudi ( or , ') in Chinese culture, traditional religions and myth is one of the representations of the first god ( '). In Daoist theology he is the assistant of Yuanshi Tianzun, who is one of the Three Pure Ones, the three ...

), Saints, Buddha, and Fairies. It is considered the soul of the temple. The eight sides of Bát Quái Đài correspond to a part of Bagua, including Qian, Dui, Li, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Gen, Kun. The floor of the Bát Quái Đài is a twelve-tiered octagonal platform. In the center, on the highest level, is a large ball with a diameter, called the cosmos ball or the Qian-Kun ball, which represents the Jade Emperor's universe. The ball bears a large Divine Eye symbol. The Great Divine Temple is the only place that has the Qian-Kun ball, since other Caodaism temples are not allowed to have it.

References

External links

*{{Commons category-inline, Cao Dai Holy See Caodaism Buildings and structures in Tây Ninh province Tourist attractions in Tây Ninh province Buildings and structures completed in 1947 Temples in Vietnam