![Robert F](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/Robert_F._Kennedy_grave_in_Arlington_National_Cemetery.jpg)
The grave of Robert F. Kennedy is a historic grave site and memorial to
assassinated United States Senator
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and powe ...
and
1968 Democratic presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy
Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK and by the nickname Bobby, was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, ...
located in section 45 of
Arlington National Cemetery
Arlington National Cemetery is one of two national cemeteries run by the United States Army. Nearly 400,000 people are buried in its 639 acres (259 ha) in Arlington, Virginia. There are about 30 funerals conducted on weekdays and 7 held on Sa ...
in
Arlington County, Virginia
Arlington County is a county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The county is situated in Northern Virginia on the southwestern bank of the Potomac River directly across from the District of Columbia, of which it was once a part. The county ...
, in the United States. It was dedicated on December 6, 1971, and replaced a temporary grave in which Kennedy was originally buried on June 8, 1968. It is adjacent to the
John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame
The John F. Kennedy Eternal Flame is a presidential memorial at the gravesite of assassinated United States President John F. Kennedy, in Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia. This permanent site replaced a temporary grave and eternal flame ...
.
The grave is aligned along an east–west axis, roughly along the line of sight between
Arlington House Arlington House may refer to:
*Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial
*Arlington House (London) a hostel for the homeless in London, England, and one of the Rowton Houses
*Arlington House, Margate, an eighteen-storey residential apartment bloc ...
and the
Jefferson Memorial
The Jefferson Memorial is a presidential memorial built in Washington, D.C. between 1939 and 1943 in honor of Thomas Jefferson, the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence, a central intellectual force behind the A ...
. The grave consists of an unadorned, white wooden cross at the head of the grave and a simple grey granite marker set flush with the earth at the foot of it.
The memorial consists of a small semicircular granite plaza, which provides viewing for the grave. At the back (straight) axis of the plaza is a low rectangular grey granite wall inscribed with quotations from two of Kennedy's speeches. A small, rectangular reflecting pool is at the base of the wall.
Initial burial at Arlington National Cemetery
Robert F. Kennedy was
shot and mortally wounded on June 5, 1968. He died at 1:44 AM on June 6. Kennedy's body was flown aboard
Air Force One to
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the Un ...
on the evening of June 6, where it
lay in repose
Lying in repose is the tradition in which the body of a deceased person, often of high social stature, is made available for public viewing. Lying in repose differs from the more formal honor of lying in state, which is generally held at the pr ...
in
St. Patrick's Cathedral from approximately 10:00 PM until 10:00 AM on June 8.
Selection of the burial site occurred almost immediately after Kennedy's death. Kennedy had often said he wished to be buried in the family plot in
Massachusetts
Massachusetts (Massachusett: ''Muhsachuweesut Massachusett_writing_systems.html" ;"title="nowiki/> məhswatʃəwiːsət.html" ;"title="Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət">Massachusett writing systems">məhswatʃəwiːsət'' En ...
, but the Kennedy family decided to have him buried at Arlington National Cemetery next to John F. Kennedy instead. Late on June 6,
Alfred B. Fitt, Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, flew from Washington to New York City to confer with the Kennedy family about burial at Arlington National Cemetery. The family had already decided to bury Robert F. Kennedy near his brother's memorial, and Fitt carried with him photographs of several areas of the John F. Kennedy grave site which would be suitable as a burial site.
[White, Jean M. "Kennedy to Be Buried Near Brother." ''Washington Post.'' June 7, 1968.] At 10:30 PM on June 7, the Kennedy family announced that Robert F. Kennedy would be buried at Arlington National Cemetery in a grassy area just southeast of the John F. Kennedy grave site.
[Madden, Richard L. "Kennedy Will Be Buried a Few Steps From the Arlington Grave of His Brother." ''New York Times.'' June 8, 1968.]
A
high requiem mass attended by
Ethel Kennedy
Ethel Kennedy (' Skakel; born April 11, 1928) is an American human rights advocate. She is the widow of U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy, a sister-in-law of President John F. Kennedy, and the sixth child of George Skakel and Ann Brannack. Shortly ...
(Kennedy's widow), Kennedy's children,
Jacqueline Kennedy and her children,
Rose Kennedy
Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald Kennedy (July 22, 1890 – January 22, 1995) was an American philanthropist, socialite, and matriarch of the Kennedy family. She was deeply embedded in the " lace curtain" Irish American community in Boston. Her father ...
(Kennedy's mother) members of the extended Kennedy family,
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
* President (education), a leader of a college or university
* President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...
Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson (; August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He had previously served as the 37th vice ...
and his wife
Lady Bird Johnson
Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Johnson (''née'' Taylor; December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007) was First Lady of the United States from 1963 to 1969 as the wife of President Lyndon B. Johnson. She previously served as Second Lady from 1961 to 1963 whe ...
, and members of the Johnson
Cabinet was held at
St. Patrick's Cathedral at 10:00 AM on June 8. Kennedy's body was taken by train from
Pennsylvania Station
Pennsylvania Station (often abbreviated Penn Station) is a name applied by the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) to several of its grand passenger terminals. Several are still in active use by Amtrak and other transportation services; others have been ...
in New York City to
Union Station
A union station (also known as a union terminal, a joint station in Europe, and a joint-use station in Japan) is a railway station at which the tracks and facilities are shared by two or more separate railway companies, allowing passengers to ...
in
Washington, D.C.
)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, ...
It was due to depart New York at 12:30 PM,
["Kennedy Rites Are Announced." ''Washington Post.'' June 7, 1968.] but was delayed by the slow pace of mourners leaving the cathedral.
The normally four-hour trip took eight hours and six minutes, due to the thick crowds lining the tracks on the journey.
[Reed, Roy. "Thousands Visit Kennedy's Grave on Day of Mourning." ''New York Times.'' June 10, 1968.] In
Elizabeth, New Jersey, a north-bound train struck two people who had moved out of the way of the funeral train, and the Kennedys asked their engineers to slow down even more.
Scheduled to arrive at about 4:30 PM,
the funeral train arrived in Washington at 9:10 PM on June 8.
All funeral flowers were taken to Arlington National Cemetery, where they lay in deep banks on the hill around the grave site. Floodlights were rushed into position in order to illuminate the burial site.
[Wicker, Tom. "President Joins Kennedys in Tribute at Graveside." ''New York Times.'' June 9, 1968.] More than 1,500 candles were hurriedly donated by the
Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle (where John F. Kennedy's funeral had occurred) and handed out to the crowd and the mourners. As the funeral motorcade entered the cemetery, the crowd lining the roadway spontaneously lit their candles—lighting the way.
The hearse arrived at the grave site at 10:24 PM, and the 15-minute ceremony (originally scheduled to begin at 5:30 PM) began six minutes later.
The service ended at 10:45 PM.
Cardinal Patrick O'Boyle,
Roman Catholic Archbishop of Washington, officiated at the graveside service in lieu of Cardinal
Richard Cushing
Richard James Cushing (August 24, 1895 – November 2, 1970) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Boston from 1944 to 1970 and was made a cardinal in 1958. Cushing's main role was as fundraiser and builder ...
of Boston, who fell ill during the trip.
Archbishop of New York
The Archbishop of New York is the head of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, who is responsible for looking after its spiritual and administrative needs. As the archdiocese is the metropolitan see of the ecclesiastical province encompass ...
Terence Cooke
Terence James Cooke (March 1, 1921 – October 6, 1983) was an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of New York from 1968 until his death, quietly battling leukemia throughout his tenure. He was named a cardin ...
also officiated.
Astronaut
John Glenn folded the American flag which draped the coffin, and handed it to Senator Kennedy, who handed it to
Joseph P. Kennedy II
Joseph Patrick Kennedy II (born September 24, 1952) is an American businessman, Democratic politician, and a member of the Kennedy family. He is a son of former United States Senator Robert F. Kennedy and Ethel Kennedy, and he is also a nephew ...
, eldest son of Robert Kennedy. Joseph handed the flag to his mother, Ethel.
Kennedy's coffin was lowered into the grave after family and friends had departed, and his body buried at 11:34 PM.
Arlington National Cemetery officials claimed in 2011 that Robert F. Kennedy's burial is the only one ever to have taken place at night in the cemetery. However, in 1963, there was another night burial in the cemetery. Shortly after John F. Kennedy's burial, his two infant children were buried next to him in Arlington at night.
Senator Edward M. Kennedy's burial in 2009 also occurred at night.
As with John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy's first grave was a temporary one, about upslope from its current location.
A simple white wooden cross stood at the head of the grave, while a spray of flowers marked the foot of it.
About 50,000 people (7,000 in the first three hours alone) visited the grave the day after the burial, while another 20,000 visited it the second day. More than 7 million people visited both Kennedy grave sites between June 10, 1968, and June 6, 1969.
Permanent grave site and memorial
![Arlington National Cemetery - RFK Grave Site reflecting pool - 2011](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Arlington_National_Cemetery_-_RFK_Grave_Site_reflecting_pool_-_2011.jpg)
The design of a permanent grave and memorial for Robert F. Kennedy was undertaken by the United States Army in full consultation with the Kennedy family.
[Special Subcommittee on Cemeteries, p. 4320.] The family decided to build a memorial in the early fall of 1968.
In late 1968, Ethel Kennedy chose
I. M. Pei
Ieoh Ming Pei
– website of Pei Cobb Freed & Partners ( ; ; April 26, 1917 – May 16, 2019) was ...
as the architect.
["Memorial for RFK Is Left Up to Nixon." ''Washington Post.'' February 1, 1969.] Pei had worked with Robert F. Kennedy in 1966 as a consultant for a rejuvenation project of the
Bedford–Stuyvesant neighborhood in
Brooklyn
Brooklyn () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Kings County, in the U.S. state of New York. Kings County is the most populous county in the State of New York, and the second-most densely populated county in the United States, be ...
. and had been chosen by the Kennedy family as the architect for the
John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum is the presidential library and museum of John Fitzgerald Kennedy (1917–1963), the 35th president of the United States (1961–1963). It is located on Columbia Point in the Dorchester neighb ...
in Boston.
Pei's design for the grave and memorial strongly reflected that of the nearby John F. Kennedy grave site designed by
John Carl Warnecke
John Carl Warnecke (February 24, 1919 – April 17, 2010)Brown, "John Carl Warnecke Dies at 91, Designed Kennedy Gravesite," ''Washington Post,'' April 23, 2010.Grimes, "John Carl Warnecke, Architect to Kennedy, Dies at 91," ''New York Times,'' Ap ...
, but on a much smaller scale. It was clear from the outset that the grave itself would not receive any special treatment. When John F. Kennedy was buried, Robert Kennedy had argued for a simple white cross for a burial marker. He was overruled by Jacqueline Kennedy. Bowing to Robert Kennedy's previously expressed thoughts on the matter, the Kennedy family chose to adorn his grave with only a cross and a stone.
[Coonerty and Highsmith, 2007, p. 45.][Thomas, p. 9.] Pei's plan called for an informal grove of trees to surround the grave.
The design for the memorial included a small semicircular plaza, a low grey granite wall inscribed with quotations from Robert Kennedy's speeches (similar to the wall at the John F. Kennedy site), and a small reflecting pool.
[Special Subcommittee on Cemeteries, p. 4319.] The reflecting pool was designed to be only a few inches deep and about wide, and to extend the length of the wall. A straight granite pathway lead from the terrace at the John F. Kennedy grave to the semicircular plaza.
The original plan called for a grove of trees to be planted between the two Kennedy grave sites (to screen them from one another), another grove to be planted close by, and a large
American Beech to be grown south of the plaza.
Pei's design for the grave and memorial took only a few weeks to complete.
Using the same agreement reached by the government and the Kennedy family during the construction of the John F. Kennedy memorial, the Kennedy family agreed to pay 58 percent of the total cost of the Robert F. Kennedy site. This covered the grave and the memorial, with the total cost estimated at US$1,016,000.
The government's share covered the construction of access roads and pathways, landscaping, and utilities.
The plan for the grave site and memorial were approved by the Kennedy family, the U.S. Army, the
United States Commission of Fine Arts
The U.S. Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) is an independent agency of the federal government of the United States, and was established in 1910. The CFA has review (but not approval) authority over the "design and aesthetics" of all construction wit ...
, and the
National Capital Planning Commission
The National Capital Planning Commission (NCPC) is a U.S. government executive branch agency that provides planning guidance for Washington, D.C., and the surrounding National Capital Region. Through its planning policies and review of developmen ...
.
Using public funds for the grave and memorial proved contentious. Some members of the public expressed anger that the federal government was spending several hundred thousand dollars on a memorial to a private citizen. Others asked why a mere U.S. Senator was receiving special treatment when other senators buried at Arlington were not so honored.
["Kennedy in Arlington." ''Washington Post.'' February 9, 1969.] Some of these arguments appeared in
letters to the editor
A letter to the editor (LTE) is a letter sent to a publication about an issue of concern to the reader. Usually, such letters are intended for publication. In many publications, letters to the editor may be sent either through conventional mai ...
of ''
The Washington Post
''The Washington Post'' (also known as the ''Post'' and, informally, ''WaPo'') is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C. It is the most widely circulated newspaper within the Washington metropolitan area and has a large nati ...
''. An angry
Charles H. Percy
Charles Harting Percy (September 27, 1919 – September 17, 2011) was an American businessman and politician. He was president of the Bell & Howell Corporation from 1949 to 1964, and served as a Republican U.S. senator from Illinois from 1967 ...
, a
Republican
Republican can refer to:
Political ideology
* An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law.
** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...
senator from
Illinois
Illinois ( ) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Its largest metropolitan areas include the Chicago metropolitan area, and the Metro East section, of Greater St. Louis. Other smaller metropolitan areas include, Peoria and Rockf ...
, defended the expenditure, arguing that not making the improvements would lead to significant harm to the cemetery grounds as large numbers of people visited the grave. ''The Washington Post'' also strongly editorialized in favor of the expenditure.
The
submitted a budget request of $431,000 to cover its share of the costs in 1969. But President Johnson, for reasons which were not made clear, deleted the request from the Army's budget submission to Congress. Johnson added the request to the president's contingency fund budget submission instead, which effectively left the decision to build the memorial to the next president,
Richard M. Nixon (who took office in January 1969).
On February 1, 1969, Nixon approved the expenditure from the presidential funds, and placed presidential aide
Bryce Harlow
Bryce Nathaniel Harlow (August 11, 1916 – February 18, 1987) was a congressional staff member, army officer, advisor to U.S. presidents, and corporate lobbyist.
Early life
He was born in 1916 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, the son of Victor E. Ha ...
in charge of seeing construction through.
The Army formally announced on June 6, 1969, that the memorial would be built for a total cost of US$677,000, with the Kennedys picking up about 62 percent of the total cost (and agreeing to pay for any cost overruns). The memorial would be due south of the John F. Kennedy grave site. The Army said, however, that construction would not begin until funds had been appropriated by Congress.
["Family Leads Homage to Robert Kennedy." ''Washington Post.'' June 7, 1969.]
As the presidential contingency fund budget request wound its way through Congress, some members of Congress also concluded that the federal government should not pick up the cost of the memorial's access roads and improvements. In the
House of Representatives
House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles. In many countries, the House of Representatives is the lower house of a bicameral legislature, with the corresponding upper house often c ...
, Representative
William J. Scherle
William Joseph Scherle (March 14, 1923August 27, 2003) was an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Southwestern Iowa from 1967 to 1975. He was a member of the Republican Party.
Early life
Born in Little Falls, New York, ...
(a Republican from
Iowa
Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to th ...
) sponsored an amendment to strip the memorial funds from the president's budget request. The House defeated his amendment, 74-to-27, but the vote showed that there was at least some support for Scherle's position.
The cost of the grave and memorial were estimated again in 1970 and found to still be US$677,000, of which 62 percent would still be borne by the Kennedys.
On October 21, 1970, Roubin and Janeiro, Inc. (a construction company based in
Fairfax, Virginia
The City of Fairfax ( ), colloquially known as Fairfax City, Downtown Fairfax, Old Town Fairfax, Fairfax Courthouse, FFX, or simply Fairfax, is an independent city (United States), independent city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth ...
) was awarded a contract to construct the new grave and memorial. The value of the contract was US$527,914.
[Subcommittee on Public Works, p. 1247.] The total cost for the project was now US$747,000, with the Kennedy family now paying about 75.8 percent of the total cost.
["Contract Let for Construction Of $747,000 Gravesite for RFK." ''Washington Post.'' November 5, 1970.] Construction began on November 9, 1970, and was expected to take a year.
The approaches to both Kennedy graves were altered when the Robert F. Kennedy memorial was built. Previously, the approaches to the John F. Kennedy site consisted of a series of long steps. But several individuals in wheelchairs appealed to Senator Edward M. Kennedy, and the steps were replaced by long ramps in June 1971. The design for the Robert Kennedy memorial, too, was changed to feature ramps rather than stairs.
Final site design
![Kennedy Grave Site - November 2005](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Kennedy_Grave_Site_-_November_2005.jpg)
Robert F. Kennedy was disinterred on December 1, 1971, and his body moved to the new grave site.
["Robert Kennedy's Body Now at Permanent Site." ''United Press International.'' December 2, 1971.] The disinterment, witnessed by Ethel Kennedy and Senator Edward M. Kennedy, began at 5:30 PM. Reburial was complete at about 9:00 PM.
["RFK's Vault Moved to New Grave." ''Washington Post.'' December 2, 1971.] The final grave site and granite plaza were dedicated on December 6, 1971.
Robert F. Kennedy's final resting place is about southwest of the terrace of the John F. Kennedy grave site.
[Reed, Roy. "Mourners Mark the Death of Robert Kennedy." ''New York Times.'' June 7, 1969.] Robert Kennedy is buried upslope from the plaza, his burial vault marked by a white wooden cross at its head and a slate headstone set flush with the earth at its foot.
A low granite wall at the rear (straight, southeast side) of the plaza contains quotations from two famous Robert F. Kennedy speeches, with a small reflecting pool at the base of the wall.
The granite for the plaza came from
Deer Isle, Maine
Deer Isle is a town in Hancock County, Maine, United States. The population was 2,194 at the 2020 census. Notable landmarks in Deer Isle are the Haystack Mountain School of Crafts, Stonington Opera House, and the town's many art galleries.
...
, which was also the source for the granite for the terrace at the John F. Kennedy gravesite.
One quotation, which inspired the reflecting pool, is from
a speech Kennedy delivered to students in
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ...
in 1966. It reads:
The second quotation is from
an impromptu address Kennedy gave to an angry crowd of African Americans in
Indianapolis, Indiana
Indianapolis (), colloquially known as Indy, is the state capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the consolidated population of Indianapolis and Mari ...
, the night
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was
assassinated. It reads:
The final cost of the grave and memorial were US$747,000.
Journalist
Evan Thomas
Evan Welling Thomas III (born April 25, 1951) is an American journalist, historian, and author. He is the author of nine books, including two ''New York Times'' bestsellers.
Early life and career
Thomas was born in Huntington, New York, and r ...
later wrote that the overall impression left by the Robert F. Kennedy grave and memorial plaza is one of loneliness and sadness.
Vandalism and theft
On January 4, 1970, vandals uprooted the white cross at the head of Kennedy's grave. Arlington National Cemetery officials quietly placed it back into position the same day.
The cross and the footstone marking Robert F. Kennedy's grave were stolen in 1981 and never recovered. They were replaced.
[Poole, p. 256.]
References
Bibliography
*Barnes, John A. ''Irish-American Landmarks.'' Canton, Mich.: Visible Ink, 1995.
*Bigler, Philip. ''In Honored Glory: Arlington National Cemetery, the Final Post.'' 4th ed. St. Petersburg, Fla.: Vandamere Press, 2005.
*Clarke, Thurston. ''The Last Campaign: Robert F. Kennedy and 82 Days That Inspired America.'' New York: Henry Holt, 2009.
*Committee on Veterans' Affairs. ''National Cemeteries Act of 1972: Hearings.'' Vol. 1. House of Representatives. 92d Cong., 2d sess. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1972.
*Coonerty, Ryan and Highsmith, Carol M. ''Etched in Stone: Enduring Words From Our Nation's Monuments.'' Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2007.
*Fuentes, Francisca D. "Paul Fusco's ''RFK Funeral Train'': The Photobook as Memory Text." In ''Writing With Light: Words and Photographs in American Texts.'' Mick Gidley, ed. New York: P. Lang, 2010.
*Isaacson, Walter. ''Profiles in Leadership: Historians on the Elusive Quality of Greatness.'' New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.
*Martin, Zachary J. ''The Mindless Menace of Violence: Robert F. Kennedy's Vision and the Fierce Urgency of Now.'' Lanham, Md.: Hamilton Books, 2009.
*Monteith, Sharon. ''American Culture in the 1960s.'' Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008.
*Morrone, Francis and Iska, James. ''An Architectural Guidebook to Brooklyn.'' Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith, 2001.
*Poole, Robert M. ''On Hallowed Ground: The Story of Arlington National Cemetery.'' New York: Walker & Co., 2009.
*Pottker, Janice. ''Janet and Jackie: The Story of a Mother and Her Daughter, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis.'' New York: St. Martin's Griffin, 2001.
*Special Subcommittee on Cemeteries. Committee on Veterans' Affairs. ''Bills Related to the National Cemetery System.'' House of Representatives. 91st Cong., 2d sess. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970.
*Subcommittee on Public Works. Committee on Appropriations. ''Public Works for Water and Power Development and Atomic Energy Commission Appropriation Bill, 1972.'' Vol. 2. House of Representatives. 92d Cong., 1st sess. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971.
*Thomas, Evan. "RFK Funeral Train, June 8, 1968." In ''RFK Funeral Train.'' Paul Fusco, ed. Stockport, NY: Dewi Lewis, 2001.
*Wiseman, Carter. ''I.M. Pei: A Profile in American Architecture.'' New York: H.N. Abrams, 2001.
External links
*
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{{coord, 38, 52, 52.3, N, 77, 4, 17.3, W, region:US-DC_type:landmark, display=title
Memorials to Robert F. Kennedy
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
Kennedy, Robert F., grave
Kennedy, Robert F., grave
Kennedy, Robert F., grave
1971 establishments in Virginia