''Grapholita'' is a large
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
tortrix moths (
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Tortricidae). It belongs to
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
Olethreutinae
Olethreutinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Tortricidae.
Genera ''incertae sedis''
This tortricine genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms a ...
, and therein to the
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
Grapholitini, of which it is the
type genus.
[Baixeras et al. (2009a)]
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich Treitschke established ''Grapholita'' in 1829 – in the 7th volume of ''Schmetterlinge von Europa'', with a
type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
he claimed to be "''Pyralis dorsana''", a
taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...
established by
Johan Christian Fabricius
Johan Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is cons ...
in his 1775 ''Systema Entomologiae''. But Treitschke was misled by
Jacob Hübner
Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology.
Scientific career
Hübner was the author of '' ...
's misidentification of Fabricius' moth.
The actual ''P. dorsana'' is today known as ''
Dichrorampha petiverella
''Dichrorampha petiverella'' is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm.
The wingspan is 10–13 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous, posteriorly irrorated with pale orange ochreous. The costa is posteriorly str ...
'', as it had already been described by
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
in his
1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
edition of ''
Systema Naturae
' (originally in Latin written ' with the ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy. Although the system, now known as binomial nomen ...
'' as ''Phalaena'' (''Tinea'') ''petiverella''. The "''Pyralis dorsana''" of Hübner and Treitschke was subsequently identified as the species described as ''Tortrix lunulana'' by
Michael Denis
Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis, also: ''Sined the Bard'', (27 September 1729 – 29 September 1800) was an Austrian Catholic priest and Jesuit, who is best known as a poet, bibliographer, and lepidopterist.
Life
Denis was born at Schärding ...
and
Ignaz Schiffermüller
Ignaz Schiffermüller (born 2 October 1727 in Hellmonsödt; died 21 June 1806 in Linz) was an Austrian naturalist mainly interested in Lepidoptera.
Schiffermüller was a teacher at the Theresianum College in Vienna. His collection was presented ...
in 1775, which thus is today ''
Grapholita lunulana
''Grapholita lunulana'' is a moth belonging to the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775.
It is native to Europe and Northern America.
The wingspan is 12–17 mm. The forewing ha ...
''.
Species
''Grapholita'' currently has 126 recognised
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
, though the genus' distinctness from and delimitation against ''
Cydia
Cydia is a graphical user interface of APT (Advanced Package Tool) for iOS. It enables a user to find and install software not authorized by Apple on jailbroken iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch devices. It also refers to digital distribution pla ...
'' is in need of further study:
[Baixeras et al. (2009b)]
* ''
Grapholita amictana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
* ''
Grapholita amphitorna
''Grapholita amphitorna'' is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
The wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wing ...
''
(Turner, 1916)
* ''
Grapholita andabatana
''Grapholita andabatana'' is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Niels Laue Wolff in 1957. It is found in Denmark, France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Slovakia, Poland and Russia.
The wingspan is 10–12 mm. Adults are on ...
''
[Sometimes placed in '']Cydia
Cydia is a graphical user interface of APT (Advanced Package Tool) for iOS. It enables a user to find and install software not authorized by Apple on jailbroken iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch devices. It also refers to digital distribution pla ...
'': see e.g. references in Savela (2005a) (Wolff, 1957)
* ''
Grapholita angleseana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita antitheta
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich ...
''
(Meyrick, 1911)
* ''
Grapholita arcia''
Diakonoff, 1988
* ''
Grapholita arcuatana''
Kuznetzov, 1992
* ''
Grapholita astrapephora''
Diakonoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita aureolana''
* ''
Grapholita auroscriptana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Caradja, 1916
* ''
Grapholita bigeminata
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)
* ''
Grapholita biserialis''
(Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)
* ''
Grapholita boulderana''
McDunnough, 1942
* ''
Grapholita caecana''
* ''
Grapholita caeruleana''
Walsingham, 1879
* ''
Grapholita callisphena''
(Meyrick, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita caudicula''
Diakonoff, 1975
* ''
Grapholita cerasivora''
(Matsumura, 1917)
* ''
Grapholita chrysacrotoma''
Diakonoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita comanticosta''
Kuznetzov, 1988
* ''
Grapholita compositella''
– clover seed moth
* ''
Grapholita conficitana''
(Walker, 1863)
* ''
Grapholita conversana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
Walsingham, 1879
* ''
Grapholita coronillana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
* ''
Grapholita cotoneastri
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968
* ''
Grapholita curviphalla''
Liu & Yan, 1998
* ''
Grapholita cyanogona
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Meyrick, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita dactyla''
Liu & Yan, 1998
* ''
Grapholita decolorana''
Walker, 1863
* ''
Grapholita delineana''
* ''
Grapholita diaphorotorna
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Diakonoff, 1983
* ''
Grapholita difficilana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family (biology), family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe (biology), tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonom ...
''
* ''
Grapholita dilectabilis''
Kuznetzov, 1972
* ''
Grapholita dimorpha''
Komai, 1979
* ''
Grapholita discretana''
* ''
Grapholita dohrniana''
Zeller, 1863
* '' <