''Grapholita'' is a large
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
tortrix moths (
family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Tortricidae). It belongs to
subfamily
In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end subfamily botanical names with "-oideae", and zoologi ...
Olethreutinae
Olethreutinae is a subfamily of moths in the family Tortricidae.
Genera ''incertae sedis''
This tortricine genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms a ...
, and therein to the
tribe
The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English language, English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in p ...
Grapholitini, of which it is the
type genus.
[Baixeras et al. (2009a)]
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich Treitschke established ''Grapholita'' in 1829 – in the 7th volume of ''Schmetterlinge von Europa'', with a
type species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen ...
he claimed to be "''Pyralis dorsana''", a
taxon
In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular nam ...
established by
Johan Christian Fabricius
Johan Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was a student of Carl Linnaeus, and is cons ...
in his 1775 ''Systema Entomologiae''. But Treitschke was misled by
Jacob Hübner
Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist. He was the author of ''Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge'' (1796–1805), a founding work of entomology.
Scientific career
Hübner was the author of '' ...
's misidentification of Fabricius' moth.
The actual ''P. dorsana'' is today known as ''
Dichrorampha petiverella
''Dichrorampha petiverella'' is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm.
The wingspan is 10–13 mm. The forewings are dark fuscous, posteriorly irrorated with pale orange ochreous. The costa is posteriorly str ...
'', as it had already been described by
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
in his
1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
edition of ''
Systema Naturae
' (originally in Latin written ' with the ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy. Although the system, now known as binomial nomen ...
'' as ''Phalaena'' (''Tinea'') ''petiverella''. The "''Pyralis dorsana''" of Hübner and Treitschke was subsequently identified as the species described as ''Tortrix lunulana'' by
Michael Denis
Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis, also: ''Sined the Bard'', (27 September 1729 – 29 September 1800) was an Austrian Catholic priest and Jesuit, who is best known as a poet, bibliographer, and lepidopterist.
Life
Denis was born at Schärding ...
and
Ignaz Schiffermüller
Ignaz Schiffermüller (born 2 October 1727 in Hellmonsödt; died 21 June 1806 in Linz) was an Austrian naturalist mainly interested in Lepidoptera.
Schiffermüller was a teacher at the Theresianum College in Vienna. His collection was presented ...
in 1775, which thus is today ''
Grapholita lunulana
''Grapholita lunulana'' is a moth belonging to the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775.
It is native to Europe and Northern America.
The wingspan is 12–17 mm. The forewing ha ...
''.
Species
''Grapholita'' currently has 126 recognised
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...
, though the genus' distinctness from and delimitation against ''
Cydia
Cydia is a graphical user interface of APT (Advanced Package Tool) for iOS. It enables a user to find and install software not authorized by Apple on jailbroken iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch devices. It also refers to digital distribution pla ...
'' is in need of further study:
[Baixeras et al. (2009b)]
* ''
Grapholita amictana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875)
* ''
Grapholita amphitorna
''Grapholita amphitorna'' is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
The wingspan
The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wing ...
''
(Turner, 1916)
* ''
Grapholita andabatana
''Grapholita andabatana'' is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Niels Laue Wolff in 1957. It is found in Denmark, France, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Slovakia, Poland and Russia.
The wingspan is 10–12 mm. Adults are on ...
''
[Sometimes placed in '']Cydia
Cydia is a graphical user interface of APT (Advanced Package Tool) for iOS. It enables a user to find and install software not authorized by Apple on jailbroken iPhones, iPads and iPod Touch devices. It also refers to digital distribution pla ...
'': see e.g. references in Savela (2005a) (Wolff, 1957)
* ''
Grapholita angleseana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita antitheta
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich ...
''
(Meyrick, 1911)
* ''
Grapholita arcia''
Diakonoff, 1988
* ''
Grapholita arcuatana''
Kuznetzov, 1992
* ''
Grapholita astrapephora''
Diakonoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita aureolana''
* ''
Grapholita auroscriptana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Caradja, 1916
* ''
Grapholita bigeminata
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)
* ''
Grapholita biserialis''
(Meyrick in Caradja & Meyrick, 1935)
* ''
Grapholita boulderana''
McDunnough, 1942
* ''
Grapholita caecana''
* ''
Grapholita caeruleana''
Walsingham, 1879
* ''
Grapholita callisphena''
(Meyrick, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita caudicula''
Diakonoff, 1975
* ''
Grapholita cerasivora''
(Matsumura, 1917)
* ''
Grapholita chrysacrotoma''
Diakonoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita comanticosta''
Kuznetzov, 1988
* ''
Grapholita compositella''
– clover seed moth
* ''
Grapholita conficitana''
(Walker, 1863)
* ''
Grapholita conversana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
Walsingham, 1879
* ''
Grapholita coronillana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
* ''
Grapholita cotoneastri
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968
* ''
Grapholita curviphalla''
Liu & Yan, 1998
* ''
Grapholita cyanogona
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Meyrick, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita dactyla''
Liu & Yan, 1998
* ''
Grapholita decolorana''
Walker, 1863
* ''
Grapholita delineana''
* ''
Grapholita diaphorotorna''
Diakonoff, 1983
* ''
Grapholita difficilana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family (biology), family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe (biology), tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonom ...
''
* ''
Grapholita dilectabilis''
Kuznetzov, 1972
* ''
Grapholita dimorpha''
Komai, 1979
* ''
Grapholita discretana''
* ''
Grapholita dohrniana''
Zeller, 1863
* ''
Grapholita dyarana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita dysaethria''
Diakonoff, 1982
* ''
Grapholita eclipsana''
Zeller, 1875
* ''
Grapholita edwardsiana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita endrosias
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Meyrick, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita exigua''
Kuznetzov, 1972
* ''
Grapholita fana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita fimana''
Snellen, 1883
* ''
Grapholita fissana''
* ''
Grapholita fistularis''
(Meyrick, 1928)
* ''
Grapholita floricolana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Meyrick, 1881)
* ''
Grapholita funebrana
''Grapholita funebrana'', the plum fruit moth or red plum maggot, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Palearctic realm. Like many of its congeners, it is sometimes placed in ''Cydia''.
The wingspan is 10–15 mm. The f ...
''
– plum fruit moth
* ''
Grapholita geministriata''
(Walsingham, 1900)
* ''
Grapholita gemmiferana''
* ''
Grapholita globella''
Liu & Yan, 1998
* ''
Grapholita globovalva''
Liu & Yan, 1998
* ''
Grapholita glycyrrhizana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedrich T ...
''
* ''
Grapholita gypsothicta
''Grapholita gypsothicta'' is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in the Democratic Republic of Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), i ...
''
(Meyrick, 1938)
* ''
Grapholita hamatana''
Kennel, 1901
* ''
Grapholita heptatoma''
Diakonoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita hieroglyphana''
Blanchard & Knudson, 1984
* ''
Grapholita hyalitis''
(Meyrick, 1909)
* ''
Grapholita hylophanes''
(Meyrick, 1928)
* ''
Grapholita hymenosa
''Grapholita hymenosa'' is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Nigeria.
The wingspan is about 12 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is orange yellow, sprinkled and strigulated with greyish brown. The costal strigulae are cre ...
''
Razowski, 2013
* ''
Grapholita imitativa''
Heinrich, 1926
* ''
Grapholita inopinata
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Heinrich, 1928
* ''
Grapholita internana''
* ''
Grapholita interstinctana''
(Clemens, 1860)
* ''
Grapholita iridescens''
(Meyrick, 1881)
* ''
Grapholita isacma''
(Meyrick, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita janthinana
''Grapholita janthinana'', the hawthorn leafroller, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. It was described by Philogène Auguste Joseph Duponchel in 1843. It is found in most of Europe, except most of the Balkan Peninsula, Ukraine, Lithuania and E ...
''
* ''
Grapholita jesonica''
(Matsumura, 1931)
* ''
Grapholita jucundata
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Kuznetzov, 1971
* ''
Grapholita junctistrigana''
(Walsingham, 1900)
* ''
Grapholita jungiella''
* ''
Grapholita komaii
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Rose & Pooni, 2003
* ''
Grapholita kurilana''
Kuznetzov, 1976
* ''
Grapholita lana''
(Kearfott, 1907)
* ''
Grapholita larseni''
* ''
Grapholita latens''
Kuznetzov, 1972
* ''
Grapholita latericia''
Komai, 1999
* ''
Grapholita lathyrana''
813
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* June 22 – Battle of Versinikia: The Bulgars, led by Krum, ruler (''khan'') of the Bulgarian Empire, defeat Emperor Michael I near Edirne (modern Turkey). The Byzantine army (26,000 men) is d ...
!-- "1826"? -->)
* ''
Grapholita libertina''
Heinrich, 1926
* ''
Grapholita limbata''
Diakonoff, 1969
* ''
Grapholita lobarzewskii''
* ''
Grapholita lunatana''
Walsingham, 1879
* ''
Grapholita lunulana
''Grapholita lunulana'' is a moth belonging to the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775.
It is native to Europe and Northern America.
The wingspan is 12–17 mm. The forewing ha ...
''
* ''
Grapholita macrodrilus''
Diakonoff, 1984
* ''
Grapholita melicrossis''
(Meyrick, 1932)
* ''
Grapholita mesoscia
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Diakonoff, 1969
* ''
Grapholita miranda''
(Meyrick, 1911)
* ''
Grapholita molesta''
– Oriental fruit moth, peach moth
* ''
Grapholita namatophora''
Diakonoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita nebritana''
* ''
Grapholita nigrostriana''
* ''
Grapholita nucleana''
Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875
* ''
Grapholita obliqua''
Diakonoff, 1982
* ''
Grapholita okui''
Komai, 1999
* ''
Grapholita omittana''
Kuznetzov, 1988
* ''
Grapholita optica''
(Meyrick, 1912)
* ''
Grapholita opulentica''
Kuznetzov, 1992
* ''
Grapholita orbiapex''
Kuznetzov, 1988
* ''
Grapholita orobana
''Grapholita orobana'' is a moth belonging to the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Georg Friedrich Treitschke in 1830. It is native to the Palearctic
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeogr ...
''
* ''
Grapholita packardi''
Zeller, 1875
* ''
Grapholita pagenstecheri''
Bradley, 1961
* ''
Grapholita pallifrontana''
* ''
Grapholita parvisignana''
(Meyrick, 1881)
* ''
Grapholita patens''
Kuznetzov, 1971
* ''
Grapholita pavonana''
(Walsingham, 1900)
* ''
Grapholita prolopha''
(Meyrick, 1912)
* ''
Grapholita prunivora''
(Walsh, 1868)
* ''
Grapholita pycnograpta
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Meyrick, 1936)
* ''
Grapholita rhabdotacra''
Diakonoff, 1969
* ''
Grapholita rosana''
Danilevsky in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968
* ''
Grapholita schizodelta''
Diakonoff, 1982
* ''
Grapholita scintillana''
Christoph, 1882
* ''
Grapholita seclusana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Walker, 1866)
* ''
Grapholita semifusca''
Kuznetzov in Danilevsky & Kuznetsov, 1968
* ''
Grapholita shadawana
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Liu & Chen, 2000
* ''
Grapholita siderocosma
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Diakonoff, 1978
* ''
Grapholita sporosema''
(Meyrick, 1922)
* ''
Grapholita steringus''
Diakonoff, 1983
* ''
Grapholita tenebrosana''
* ''
Grapholita tetrazancla
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
(Turner, 1925)
* ''
Grapholita thermopsidis''
Eiseman & Austin, 2020
* ''
Grapholita tornosticha''
(Turner, 1946)
* ''
Grapholita torodetta''
(Meyrick, 1914)
* ''
Grapholita tricyanitis
''Grapholita'' is a large genus of tortrix moths (family Tortricidae). It belongs to subfamily Olethreutinae, and therein to the tribe Grapholitini, of which it is the type genus.Baixeras et al. (2009a)
Taxonomy and systematics
Georg Friedri ...
''
Dianokoff, 1976
* ''
Grapholita tristriatana''
Pagenstecher, 1900
* ''
Grapholita tristrigana''
(Clemens, 1865)
* ''
Grapholita valens''
Kuznetzov, 1988
* ''
Grapholita vitrana''
Walsingham, 1879
* ''
Grapholita yasudai''
Komai, 1999
* ''
Grapholita zapyrana''
(Meyrick, 1881)
* ''
Grapholita zariae''
Razowski, 2013
Synonyms
Obsolete
scientific name
In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, bot ...
s (
junior synonym
The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently.
* In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linna ...
s and others) of ''Grapholita'' are:
[Baixeras et al. (2009a), and see references in Savela (2005b)]
* ''Aspila''
Stephens, 1834
* ''Coptoloma''
Lederer, 1859
* ''Ebisma''
Walker, 1866
* ''Endopisa''
Guenée, 1845
* ''Endopsia''
(''lapsus
In philology, a lapsus (Latin for "lapse, slip, error") is an involuntary mistake made while writing or speaking.
Investigations
In 1895 an investigation into verbal slips was undertaken by a philologist and a psychologist, Rudolf Meringer and K ...
'')
* ''Endopiza''
(''lapsus'')
* ''Ephippiophora''
(''lapsus'')
* ''Ephippiphora''
Duponchel, 1834
* ''Eudopisa''
(''lapsus'')
* ''Euspila''
Stephens, 1834
* ''Grapholitha''
Treitschke, 1830 (unjustified emendation)
* ''Grapholltha''
(''lapsus'')
* ''Opadia''
Guenée, 1845
* ''Stigmonota''
Guenée, 1845
Footnotes
References
* (2009a)
Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae&ndash
Genus ''Grapholita'' account Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
* (2009b)
Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae&ndash
''Grapholita'' species list Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
* (2009c)
Online World Catalogue of the Tortricidae&ndash
''Dichrorampha petiverella'' Version 1.3.1. Retrieved 19 April 2009.
* (2005a): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms &ndash
Version of 13 September 2005. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
* (2005b): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms &ndash
Version of 13 September 2005. Retrieved 19 April 2010.
* (1829):
enus ''Grapholita'' ''In: Die Schmetterlinge von Europa'' (Siebenter Band. Zünsler. G
nera Nera may refer to:
People
* Nera Smajic (born 1984), Bosnian-born Swedish footballer
* Nera Stipičević (born 1983), Croatian actress
* Nera White (1935–2016), American basketball player
* André António Ribeiro Novais (born 1988), Portugue ...
''Herminia-Ennychia''.): 232. Gerhard Fleischer, Leipzig
Fulltextat the
Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, ...
{{Taxonbar , from=Q1354955
Grapholitini
Tortricidae genera
Taxa named by Georg Friedrich Treitschke