The Grand Ronde Community is an
Indian reservation
An Indian reservation is an area of land held and governed by a federally recognized Native American tribal nation whose government is accountable to the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs and not to the state government in which it ...
located on several non-contiguous sections of land in southwestern
Yamhill County
Yamhill County is one of the 36 counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2020 census, the population was 107,722. The county seat is McMinnville. Yamhill County was named after the Yamhelas, members of the Kalapuya Tribe.
Yamhill Cou ...
and northwestern
Polk County Polk County is the name of twelve counties in the United States, all except two named after president of the United States James Knox Polk:
* Polk County, Arkansas
* Polk County, Florida
* Polk County, Georgia
* Polk County, Iowa
* Polk Count ...
,
Oregon
Oregon () is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the Western United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of it ...
, United States, about east of
Lincoln City, near the community of
Grand Ronde. In the mid-19th century, the United States government forced various tribes and bands from all parts of Western Oregon to be
removed from their homes and placed on this reservation. It is governed by the
Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon
The Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon (CTGR) consists of twenty-seven Native American tribes with long historical ties to present-day western Oregon between the western boundary of the Oregon Coast and the eastern boundar ...
. The reservation has a land area of . In the
2000 census recorded a population of 55 persons. Most members of the tribe live elsewhere in order to find work.
Geography
Grand Ronde Reservation is located near .
Historical summary
* Since 6,000 BCE or earlier, the
Rogue River,
Umpqua,
Chasta
The Shastan peoples are a group of linguistically related indigenous peoples from the Klamath Mountains. They traditionally inhabited portions of several regional waterways, including the Klamath, Salmon, Sacramento and McCloud rivers. Shastan ...
,
Kalapuya,
Molalla, Salmon River,
Tillamook Tillamook may refer to:
Places:
* Tillamook County, Oregon, United States
* Tillamook, Oregon, a city, the seat of Tillamook County
* Tillamook River, United States
* Tillamook Bay, a bay in the northwestern part of Oregon
* Tillamook Head, a natur ...
, and
Nestucca Indians lived in their traditional homelands
* 1854–1857: In the wake of the
Rogue River Wars
The Rogue River Wars were an armed conflict in 1855–1856 between the U.S. Army, local militias and volunteers, and the Native American tribes commonly grouped under the designation of Rogue River Indians, in the Rogue River Valley area o ...
, the Grand Ronde reservation established by treaty arrangements in 1854 and 1855 and an Executive Order of June 30, 1857
* 1856:
Fort Yamhill
Fort Yamhill was an American military fortification in the state of Oregon. Built in 1856 in the Oregon Territory, it remained an active post until 1866. The Army outpost was used to provide a presence next to the Grand Ronde Agency Coastal Reserv ...
built next to reservation
* 1860s: Arrival of the Belgian Catholic missionary Father Adrien Croquet (renamed Crockett), uncle of the famous
Cardinal Mercier
Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to:
Animals
* Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds
**'' Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae
**''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, t ...
, later followed by his nephew, Joseph Mercier. The non-ordained Joseph married into a local tribe, and many present-day tribespeople are among his descendants.
[Fr. Cawley Martinus, Father Crockett of Grand Ronde: Adrien-Joseph Croquet, 1818–1902, Oregon Missionary, 1860–1898]
* 1887: the General Allotment Act makes allotments to individuals totaling slightly over of Reservation land. Most of this ends up in the hands of non-Indians.
* 1901: U.S. Inspector James McLaughlin declared a tract of the reservation "surplus" and the U.S. sold it for $1.16 per acre ($287/km).
* 1936:
Indian Reorganization Act
The Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) of June 18, 1934, or the Wheeler–Howard Act, was U.S. federal legislation that dealt with the status of American Indians in the United States. It was the centerpiece of what has been often called the "Indian ...
enables the Tribe to re-purchase some land for homes
* 1954: Under the
Termination Act, the tribe's federal status was ended.
* 1983: Grand Ronde Restoration Act: On November 22, 1983, President
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan ( ; February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician, actor, and union leader who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He also served as the 33rd governor of California from 1967 ...
signed the Grand Ronde Restoration Act, restoring federal recognition to the people as a tribe.
* 1988: Tribe regains . This is now about .
Footnotes
Further reading
* C.F. Coan, "The Adoption of the Reservation Policy in Pacific Northwest, 1853–1855," ''Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society,'' vol. 23, no. 1 (March 1922), pp. 1–38
In JSTOR
* Melinda Marie Jetté, "'Beaver Are Numerous, but the Natives ... Will Not Hunt Them': Native-Fur Trader Relations in the Willamette Valley, 1812–1814," ''Pacific Northwest Quarterly,'' vol. 98, no. 1 (Winter 2006/2007), pp. 3–17
In JSTOR
* Tracy Neal Leavelle, "'We Will Make It Our Own Place': Agriculture and Adaptation at the Grand Ronde Reservation, 1856–1887," ''American Indian Quarterly,'' vol. 22, no. 4 (Autumn 1998), pp. 433–456
In JSTOR
* Ronald Spores, "Too Small a Place: The Removal of the Willamette Valley Indians, 1850–1856," ''American Indian Quarterly,'' vol. 17, no. 2 (Spring 1993), pp. 171–191
In JSTOR
External links
Confederated Tribes of Grande Ronde homepageGrand Ronde Community and Off-Reservation Trust Land, Oregon
United States Census Bureau
{{authority control
American Indian reservations in Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Yamhill County, Oregon
Unincorporated communities in Polk County, Oregon
1854 establishments in Oregon Territory
Unincorporated communities in Oregon