Grand Canyon Of The Pacific

Waimea Canyon, also known as the Grand Canyon of the Pacific, is a large canyon, approximately ten miles (16 km) long and up to 3,000 feet (900 m) deep, located on the western side of Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the United States. Waimea is Hawaiian for "reddish water", a reference to the erosion of the canyon's red soil.Pukui, Mary Kawena. ''Place Names of Hawaii''. University of Hawaii Press. . The canyon was formed by a deep incision of the Waimea River arising from the extreme rainfall on the island's central peak, Mount Waialeale, among the wettest places on earth.

Geology

The canyon is carved into the tholeiitic and post-shield calc-alkaline lavas of the canyon basalt. The lavas of the canyon provide evidence for massive faulting and collapse in the early history of the island. The west side of the canyon is all thin, west-dipping lavas of the Napali Member, while the east side is very thick, flat-lying lavas of the Olokele and Makaweli Members. The two sides are separated by an enormous fault along which a large part of the island moved downwards in a big collapse.

The canyon has a unique geologic history as it was formed not only by the steady process of erosion but also by a catastrophic collapse of the volcano that created Kauai.

Like the other Hawaiian islands, Kauai is the top of an enormous volcano rising from the ocean floor. With lava flows dated to about 5 million years ago, Kauai is the oldest of the large Hawaiian islands. Roughly 4 million years ago, while Kauai was still erupting almost continuously, a portion of the island collapsed. This collapse formed a depression which then filled with lava flows.

In the time since, rainwater from the slopes of Mount Waialeale have eroded Waimea Canyon along one edge of the collapse. On the east side of the canyon, the cliff walls are built from thick lava flows that pooled in the depression. Over time, the exposed basalt has weathered from its original black to bright red.

Geography

Waimea Canyon State Park encompasses 1,866 acres (7.5 km²) and is a popular tourist attraction on the island. It provides a wilderness area with numerous hiking trails. It can be accessed from Waimea on Hawaiʻi state road 550, which is 18 miles long and leads up to Kōkeʻe State Park. The island of Niʻihau, only a short distance west of Kauaʻi at that point, can be clearly seen from the highway.

Gallery

File:Waimea Canyon State Park Hawaii (32406013018).jpg, Waimea Canyon State Park, Kauai, Hawaii
File:Red sand Waimea Canyon Park Kauai, Hawaii (45365032885).jpg, Red sand in Waimea Canyon Park Kauai, Hawaii
File:Waimea Canyon State Park Lookout, Hawaii (45365003255).jpg, Waimea Canyon State Park Lookout, Kauai, Hawaii
File:Helicopter tour Waipo'o Falls Jurassic Parc Kauai, Hawaii (44460880410).jpg, Helicopter tour to the Waipoo Falls, Kauai, Hawaii
File:Waipoo Falls Waimea Canyon Park Kauai, Hawaii (45554242114).jpg, Upper Waipoo Falls, Waimea Canyon Park Kauai, Hawaii
File:Waimea Canyon lookout Kauai, Hawaii pano (45365115955).jpg, Canyon Trail to Waipoo Falls, Waimea Canyon Park Kauai, Hawaii

References

External links

Yale University: Geology of the Waimea CanyonHawaii State Parks: Waimea Canyon State Park
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Landforms of Kauai
Canyons and gorges of Hawaii
State parks of Hawaii
Calderas of Hawaii
Protected areas of Kauai