''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

s in the tribe

Cranichideae Cranichideae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Orchidoideae. See also * Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae The taxonomy of the Orchidaceae (orchid family) has evolved slowly during the last 250 years, starting with Carl Linnaeus who in 1753 recogniz ...

. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in

East Asia East Asia is the eastern region of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The modern states of East Asia include China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan. China, North Korea, South Korea and ...

, Goodyera is found across

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

Madeira ) , anthem = ( en, "Anthem of the Autonomous Region of Madeira") , song_type = Regional anthem , image_map=EU-Portugal_with_Madeira_circled.svg , map_alt=Location of Madeira , map_caption=Location of Madeira , subdivision_type=Sovereign st ...

North North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. ''North'' is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating Direction (geometry), direction or geography. Etymology T ...

and

Central America Central America ( es, América Central or ) is a subregion of the Americas. Its boundaries are defined as bordering the United States to the north, Colombia to the south, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

, and on islands from the west

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by th ...

to the

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

. They have a rosette of leaves at their base and usually many small white

resupinate Resupination is derived from the Latin word ''resupinus'', meaning "bent back with the face upward" or "on the back". "Resupination" is the noun form of the adjective "resupine" which means "being upside-down, supine or facing upward". The word " ...

flowers. They are similar to orchids in the genus '' Spiranthes'' but can be distinguished from them by the shape and colour patterns of the leaves.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Goodyera'' are mainly terrestrial plants with a fleshy, creeping

rhizome In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow hori ...

and a loose rosette of leaves at the base of a flowering stem with many small, resupinate flowers. The leaves are elliptic, characteristically asymmetrical and green with white or pale green markings. The entire plant apart from the flowers is covered with slightly sticky hairs. The dorsal

sepal A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106 The term ''sepalum'' was coined b ...

and

petal Petals are modified Leaf, leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They are often advertising coloration, brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. All of the petals of a flower are collectively known as the ''c ...

s overlap, forming a hood over the

column A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. ...

and the lateral sepals spread widely. The labellum is not lobed but has a small pouch. Orchids in the genus '' Spiranthes'' are similar but ''Spiranthes'' lack

s, have flat, non-pouched labella, and display plain green leaves.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Goodyera'' was first formally described in 1813 by Robert Brown and the description was published in

William Aiton William Aiton (17312 February 1793) was a Scotland, Scottish botanist. Aiton was born near Hamilton, Scotland, Hamilton. Having been regularly trained to the profession of a gardener, he travelled to London in 1754, and became assistant to Phi ...

Hortus Kewensis ''Hortus Kewensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew'' by William Aiton was a 1789 catalogue of all the plant species then in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is ...

. The genus name honours

John Goodyer John Goodyer (1592–1664) was a botanist who lived in south-east Hampshire, England, all his life. He amassed a large collection of botanical texts which were bequeathed to Magdalen College, Oxford, and translated a number of classical texts ...

. Generic delimitation of Goodyera remains problematic, with some authors providing evidence to support a narrower circumscription of the genus. The genus is abbreviated ''G.'' in horticultural nomenclature.
Alphabetical List of Standard Abbreviations for Natural and Hybrid Generic Names
', Royal Horticultural Society, 2017.

Distribution

With a center of diversity in

, Goodyera is found across

and

, and on islands from the west

to the

List of species

The following is a list of species of ''Goodyera'' recognised by the ''

World Checklist of Selected Plant Families The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (usually abbreviated to WCSP) is an "international collaborative programme that provides the latest peer reviewed and published opinions on the accepted scientific names and synonyms of selected plan ...

'' as at August 2018: *'' Goodyera afzelii'' Schltr. (1918) *'' Goodyera alveolata'' Pradhan (1979) *'' Goodyera amoena'' Schltr. (1911) *''

Goodyera angustifolia ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' Schltr. (1905) *'' Goodyera beccarii'' Schltr. (1910) *'' Goodyera bifida'' (Blume) Blume (1858) *'' Goodyera biflora'' (Lindl.) Hook.f. (1890) *''

Goodyera bomiensis ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' K.Y.Lang (1978) *'' Goodyera boninensis'' Nakai (1923) *'' Goodyera brachystegia'' Hand.-Mazz. (1936) *'' Goodyera bracteata'' Thouars (1822) *'' Goodyera bradeorum'' Schltr. (1923) *'' Goodyera clausa'' (A.A.Eaton ex Ames) Schltr. (1911) *'' Goodyera colorata'' (Blume) Blume (1858) *'' Goodyera condensata'' Ormerod & J.J.Wood (2001) *''

Goodyera corniculata ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' (

Rchb.f. Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (Dresden, 3 January 1823 – Hamburg, 6 May 1889) was a botanist and the foremost German orchidologist of the 19th century. His father Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (author of ''Icones Florae Germanicae et Helve ...

) Ackerman *''

Goodyera crocodiliceps ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' Ormerod (1996) *'' Goodyera cyclopensis'' Ormerod (2017) *'' Goodyera daibuzanensis'' Yamam. (1932) *'' Goodyera denticulata'' J.J.Sm. (1934) *''

Goodyera dolabripetala ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' (Ames) Schltr. (1908 *'' Goodyera elmeri'' (Ames) Ames (1938) *'' Goodyera erosa'' (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf. (1934) *'' Goodyera erythrodoides'' Schltr. (1911) *'' Goodyera fimbrilabia'' Ormerod (2006) *'' Goodyera flaccida'' Schltr. (1924) *'' Goodyera foliosa'' (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook.f. (1890) *'' Goodyera fumata'' Thwaites (1861) *''

Goodyera fusca ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' (Lindl.) Hook.f. (1890 *'' Goodyera gemmata'' J.J.Sm. (1909) *'' Goodyera gibbsiae'' J.J.Sm. (1922) *'' Goodyera goudotii'' Ormerod & Cavestro (2006) *''

Goodyera hachijoensis ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' Yatabe (1891) *'' Goodyera hemsleyana'' King & Pantl. (1895) *'' Goodyera henryi'' Rolfe (1896) *'' Goodyera hispaniolae'' Dod (1986) *'' Goodyera hispida'' Lindl. (1857) *'' Goodyera humicola'' (Schltr.) Schltr. (1924) *'' Goodyera inmeghema'' Ormerod (1996) *'' Goodyera kwangtungensis'' C.L.Tso (1933) *'' Goodyera lamprotaenia'' Schltr. (1911) *'' Goodyera lanceolata'' Ridl. (1870) *'' Goodyera luzonensis'' Ames (1915) *''

Goodyera macrophylla ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' Lowe (1831) *''

Goodyera major ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' Ames & Correll (1942) *'' Goodyera makuensis'' Ormerod (2013) *'' Goodyera malipoensis'' Q.X.Guan & S.P.Chen (2014) *''

Goodyera maurevertii ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' Blume (1858) *'' Goodyera micrantha'' Schltr. (1923) *'' Goodyera modesta'' Schltr. (1923) *'' Goodyera myanmarica'' Ormerod & C.S.Kumar (2006) *'' Goodyera nankoensis'' Fukuy. (1934) *'' Goodyera nantoensis'' Hayata (1911) *'' Goodyera novembrilis'' (Rchb.f.) Ormerod (1996) *''

Goodyera oblongifolia ''Goodyera oblongifolia'' is a species of orchid known by the common names western rattlesnake plantain and giant rattlesnake plantain. It is native to much of North America, particularly in the mountains of the western United States and Canada, ...

'' Raf. (1833) *''

Goodyera ovatilabia ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' Schltr. (1923) *'' Goodyera pendula'' Maxim. (1888) *'' Goodyera perrieri'' (Schltr.) Schltr. (1924) *'' Goodyera polyphylla'' Ormerod (2006) *'' Goodyera porphyrophylla'' Schltr. (1921) *'' Goodyera procera'' (Ker Gawl.) Hook. (1823) *''

Goodyera pubescens ''Goodyera pubescens'', the downy rattlesnake plantain, (also known as ''Peramium pubescens'' ) is one of the most common orchids native to eastern North America. It is found from Florida to Nova Scotia, west to eastern Oklahoma, Minnesota and On ...

'' (Willd.) R.Br. (1813) *'' Goodyera purpusii'' Ormerod (2006) *'' Goodyera pusilla'' Blume (1858) *'' Goodyera ramosii'' Ames (1913 publ. 1914) *'' Goodyera recurva'' Lindl. (1857) *'' Goodyera repens'' (L.) R.Br. (1813) *'' Goodyera reticulata'' (Blume) Blume (1858) *'' Goodyera rhombodoides'' Aver (2007) *'' Goodyera robusta'' Hook.f. (1890) *'' Goodyera rosea'' (H.Perrier) Ormerod (2006) *'' Goodyera rostellata'' Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames (1920) *''

Goodyera rostrata ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East ...

'' Ridl. (1908) *'' Goodyera rosulacea'' Y.N.Lee (2004) *'' Goodyera rubicunda'' (Blume) Lindl. (1839) *'' Goodyera ruttenii'' J.J.Sm. (1928) *'' Goodyera schlechtendaliana'' Rchb.f. (1850) *'' Goodyera scripta'' (Rchb.f.) Schltr. (1906) *'' Goodyera sechellarum'' (S.Moore) Ormerod (2002) *''

Goodyera seikomontana ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East A ...

'' Yamam. (1932) *'' Goodyera similis'' Blume (1858) *'' Goodyera stelidifera'' Ormerod (2004) *'' Goodyera stenopetala'' Schltr. (1911) *'' Goodyera striata'' Rchb.f. (1845) *'' Goodyera sumbawana'' Ormerod (2005) *'' Goodyera taitensis'' Blume (1858) *''

Goodyera tesselata ''Goodyera tesselata'' is a plant in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), called by the common name checkered rattlesnake plantain. It is native to eastern Canada from Manitoba to Newfoundland, and to the northeastern United States from Maine to Mar ...

'' Lodd. (1824) *'' Goodyera thailandica'' Seidenf. (1969) *'' Goodyera turialbae'' Schltr. (1923) *'' Goodyera umbrosa''

D.L.Jones David Lloyd Jones (born 1944) is an Australians, Australian horticultural botanist and the author of many books and papers, especially on Australian orchids. Jones was born in Victoria (Australia), Victoria and in his youth was a student at Burnl ...

M.A.Clem. Mark Alwin Clements (b. 1949) is an Australian botanist and orchidologist. He obtained his doctorate at the Australian National University defending his thesis entitled ''Reproductive Biology in relation to phylogeny of the Orchidaceae, espe ...

(2014) *''

Goodyera venusta ''Goodyera'', commonly called rattlesnake plantain, jade orchids or ladies' tresses is a wide-ranging genus of orchids in the tribe Cranichideae. About 100 species of ''Goodyera'' have been formally described. With a center of diversity in East ...

'' Schltr. (1911) *'' Goodyera viridiflora'' (Blume) Blume (1858) *'' Goodyera vitiensis'' (L.O.Williams) Kores (1989) *'' Goodyera vittata'' Benth. ex Hook.f. (1890) *'' Goodyera werneri'' Schltr. (1921) *'' Goodyera wolongensis'' K.Y.Lang (1984) *'' Goodyera wuana'' Tang & F.T.Wang (1951) *'' Goodyera yamiana'' Fukuy. (1936) *'' Goodyera yunnanensis'' Schltr. (1919) *'' Goodyera zacuapanensis'' Ormerod (2006)

References

External links

* {{Taxonbar, from=Q163556 Cranichideae genera