Gonzalo Pérez 'Gudiel' (1238/9–1299), simply Gonzalo Pérez during his life (''Gonzalbo Petrez'', غنصالبه نيطرص, in his native

mozarab The Mozarabs ( es, mozárabes ; pt, moçárabes ; ca, mossàrabs ; from ar, مستعرب, musta‘rab, lit=Arabized) is a modern historical term for the Iberian Christians, including Christianized Iberian Jews, who lived under Muslim rule in A ...

Arabic), and wrongly Gonzalo García Gudiel in later church tradition,Jean-Pierre Molénat, ''Campagnes et monts de Tolède du XII^e au XV^e siècle'', Madrid, 1997, pp. 150, 155, 157 was a Castilian prelate and statesman in the service of kings

Alfonso X Alfonso X (also known as the Wise, es, el Sabio; 23 November 1221 – 4 April 1284) was King of Castile, León and Galicia from 30 May 1252 until his death in 1284. During the election of 1257, a dissident faction chose him to be king of Germ ...

and Sancho IV and of

Pope Boniface VIII Pope Boniface VIII ( la, Bonifatius PP. VIII; born Benedetto Caetani, c. 1230 – 11 October 1303) was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 24 December 1294 to his death in 1303. The Caetani, Caetani family was of b ...

. He was

Bishop of Cuenca The Roman Catholic Diocese of Cuenca ( la, Conchen(sis)) is a diocese located in the city of Cuenca in the Ecclesiastical province of Toledo in Spain.

(1272) and

Burgos Burgos () is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populated municipality of the province of Burgos. Burgos is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, on the confluence of t ...

(1275) and then

Archbishop of Toledo This is a list of Bishops and Archbishops of Toledo ( la, Archidioecesis Metropolitae Toletana).

(1280), the first official

Primate of Spain The Primacy of the Spains ( pt, Primaz das Espanhas; es, Primado de las Españas, ca, Primat de les Espanyes) is the primacy of the Iberian Peninsula, historically known as Hispania or in the plural as the Spains. The Archbishop of Braga, in P ...

(1285) and finally

Cardinal-bishop of Albano The Diocese of Albano ( la, Albanensis) is a suburbicarian see of the Roman Catholic Church in a diocese in Italy, comprising seven towns in the Province of Rome. Albano Laziale is situated some 15 kilometers from Rome, on the Appian Way. Under c ...

(1298) at the '' curia Romana''. His early career was that of an international scholar, before he settled into royal service. The future cardinal was born at Toledo in 1238 or 1239 into the city's mozarab gentry, to ''

alguacil Alguacil (in Spanish), aguazil or guazil (in Portuguese) is the title for a number of governmental office-holders. Origin The term ''alguacil'' is derived from the Arabic term (''wazir''), meaning Vizier. The first known use of the term dates ba ...

alcalde Alcalde (; ) is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and administrative functions. An ''alcalde'' was, in the absence of a corregidor, the presiding officer of the Castilian '' cabildo'' (the municipal council) a ...

'' Pedro Juanes and his wife Teresa Juanes, daughter of ''alguacil alcalde'' Juan Ponce. The surname under which he is known, Gudiel, was attached to him by later church historians under the mistaken belief that he derived from a family of that name; his Toledo birth family had yet to adopt a surname. The historians also assigned to him an erroneous patronymic, calling him Gonzalo García instead of his true name, Gonzalo Pérez. Gonzalo went to study at the

University of Paris , image_name = Coat of arms of the University of Paris.svg , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of Arms , latin_name = Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis , motto = ''Hic et ubique terrarum'' (Latin) , mottoeng = Here and a ...

. In 1260 he became the rector of the

University of Padua The University of Padua ( it, Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is an Italian university located in the city of Padua, region of Veneto, northern Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 by a group of students and teachers from B ...

. After a sojourn in

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

, he returned to Castile to become a first a

canon Canon or Canons may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Canon (fiction), the conceptual material accepted as official in a fictional universe by its fan base * Literary canon, an accepted body of works considered as high culture ** Western can ...

of the

Cathedral of Burgos The Cathedral of Saint Mary of Burgos ( es, Santa Iglesia Basílica Catedral Metropolitana de Santa María de Burgos) is a Catholic church dedicated to the Virgin Mary located in the historical center of the Spanish city of Burgos. Its official n ...

and then the

dean of the chapter A dean, in an ecclesiastical context, is a cleric holding certain positions of authority within a religious hierarchy. The title is used mainly in the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, and many Lutheran denominations. A dean's assista ...

at the

Cathedral of Toledo , native_name_lang = , image = Toledo Cathedral, from Plaza del Ayuntamiento.jpg , imagesize = 300px , imagelink = , imagealt = , landscape = , caption ...

. In 1272, Gonzalo was elected Bishop of Cuenca. During this period he served the king at times as a royal

notary A notary is a person authorised to perform acts in legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents. The form that the notarial profession takes varies with local legal systems. A notary, while a legal professional, is disti ...

. In 1274 he received a gift from the king, and the charter was written up by

Ferrand Martínez Ferrand Martinez (fl. 14th century) was a Spanish cleric and archdeacon of Écija, most noted for being an antisemitic agitator whom historians cite as the prime mover behind the series of pogroms against the Spanish Jews in 1391, beginning in the ...

.Joaquín González Muela (ed.), ''Libro del caballero Zifar'' (Madrid: Editorial Castralia, 1982), 11–14. On 27 September 1275 he was translated to the see of Burgos (vacant since 1269), and in May 1280 to the archdiocese of Toledo, the most important bishopric in Castile. In 1285 he was recognised as the

primate Primates are a diverse order of mammals. They are divided into the strepsirrhines, which include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, and the haplorhines, which include the tarsiers and the simians (monkeys and apes, the latter including huma ...

of Spain (''primas Hispaniae''). Under Sancho IV, Gonzalo was "great chancellor in all our realms" (''chanceller mayor en todos nuestros regnos'') and Ferrand Martínez his scribe, but with the king's death in 1295 the archbishop's influence decreased. In the ''

cortes Cortes, Cortés, Cortês, Corts, or Cortès may refer to: People * Cortes (surname), including a list of people with the name ** Hernán Cortés (1485–1547), a Spanish conquistador Places * Cortes, Navarre, a village in the South border of N ...

'' held at

Valladolid Valladolid () is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and de facto capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the province o ...

in the summer of that year, it was declared that ecclesiastical control of the chancery should cease. Chancery notaries should be laymen (''legos''). Gonzalo was one of those who opposed the assumption of the tutorship of the young king, Ferdinand IV, by his uncle,

Henry the Senator Henry of Castile (March 1230 – 8 August 1303), called the Senator (''el Senador''), was a Castilian ''infante'', the fourth son of Ferdinand III of Castile by his first wife, Beatrice of Swabia. Youth and rebellion Henry spent his childhood ...

, regarding the latter as "a great disturber" (''un gran bolliciador''). In the consistory of 4 December 1298 Pope Boniface VIII appointed him to the cardinal-bishopric of Albano. He died not long after in Rome, where he was buried in a "very nobly worked" (''muy noblemente obrada'') sarcophagus in the church of

Santa Maria Maggiore The Basilica of Saint Mary Major ( it, Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, ; la, Basilica Sanctae Mariae Maioris), or church of Santa Maria Maggiore, is a Major papal basilica as well as one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome and the larges ...

, “near the chapel of ''presepe domini'', where Saint Jerome lies buried.” In the year 1300, in keeping with a promise he had made to the cardinal some years earlier, Ferrand Martínez went to Rome to fetch his body for burial in the cathedral of Toledo, in the front of the chapel of Santa María la Blanca. The return trip with the cardinal's body was extremely leisurely, making its way through

Logroño Logroño () is the capital of the province of La Rioja, situated in northern Spain. Traversed in its northern part by the Ebro River, Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the Camino de Santiago. Its borders were disputed b ...

to Burgos, where the corpse was received by King Ferdinand IV and his court, including Henry the Senator,

Diego López V de Haro Diego López V de Haro, nicknamed '' el Intruso'' ( 1250 – 1310), was a Spanish noble of the House of Haro and held the title of the Lord of Biscay which he took from the pretender to the title, John of Castile. He further served in the ...

and Bishop Pedro Rodríguez of Burgos. This was probably between March and May 1301. At Peñafiel outside of Toledo it was received by Gonzalo's nephew, Gonzalo Díaz Palomeque, the new archbishop and by the local lord, Juan Manuel. It was reportedly greeted in the streets of Toledo by a delighted crowd of Christians, Jews and Muslims. The story of Gonzalo's

relics In religion, a relic is an object or article of religious significance from the past. It usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of the saint or venerated person preserved for purposes of veneration as a tangi ...

is told in the prologue of the near-contemporary chivalric novel ''

Libro del caballero Zifar is a Japanese book retailer. A unit of the Seiyu Group, it is headquartered in the , Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and List of ...

'', possibly written by Ferrand Martínez.González Muela, ''Libro'', 52–53. He notes that "the rescue of Gonzalo's body was a true chivalrous request" (''una verdadera demanda caballeresca''), and was probably included for this reason, although the prologue was not printed with the rest of the work in 1512 in Seville.

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gudiel, Gonzalo Garcia 1230s births 1299 deaths People from Toledo, Spain Cardinal-bishops of Albano Archbishops of Toledo Bishops of Burgos Bishops of Cuenca University of Padua faculty University of Paris alumni Spanish notaries Spanish Latinists 13th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Castile 13th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Castile