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Golestan National Park ( fa, پارک ملی گلستان), commonly known as the Golestan Jungle (), is an Iranian National Park in Golestan Province, northeastern
/ref> The diverse flora includes stands of white ''
Iran's last known tigers had occurred in this area, before 1960.Geptner, V. G., Sludskij, A. A. (1972). ''Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza.'' Vysšaia Škola, Moskva. (In Russian; English translation: Heptner, V.G., Sludskii, A. A., Komarov, A., Komorov, N.; Hoffmann, R. S. (1992)
''Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol III: Carnivores (Feloidea).''
Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington DC).Humphreys, P., Kahrom, E. (1999)
Lion and Gazelle: The Mammals and Birds of Iran
Images Publishing, Avon.
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
.
Geography
The park is located in the eastern Alborz (Elburs) Mountains range and the western edge of the Kopet Dag range. It comprises 91,890 ha. Elevations in the park range from above sea level.Ecology
Golestan National Park has a variety of habitats, such as temperate broad leaf forests, grasslands, shrublands and rocky areas.UNESCO – World Heritage; Ref.5213/ref> The diverse flora includes stands of white ''
Eremurus kopetdaghensis
''Eremurus'' is a genus of deciduous perennial flowers in the family Asphodelaceae. They are also known as the foxtail lilies or desert candles. They are native to eastern Europe in (Russia and Ukraine), and temperate Asia from Turkey to China. ...
'', ''Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata
''Iris acutiloba'' subsp. ''lineolata'' is a species in the genus ''Iris (plant), Iris'', it is also in the subgenus of Iris subg. Iris, Iris. It is a subspecies of ''Iris acutiloba'', and is a rhizomatous perennial plant, perennial, from the mo ...
'' and '' Iris kopetdagensis''.
The fauna
Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is ''flora'', and for fungi, it is '' funga''. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as '' biota''. Zoo ...
is very rich and consists of Persian leopard
''Panthera pardus tulliana'' is a leopard subspecies native to the Iranian Plateau and surrounding areas encompassing Turkey, the Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Iraq, Iran, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and possibly Pakistan. Since 2016, i ...
s (''Panthera pardus ciscaucasica''), Indian wolves
The Indian wolf (''Canis lupus pallipes'') is a subspecies of gray wolf that ranges from Southwest Asia to the Indian Subcontinent. It is intermediate in size between the Himalayan wolf and the Arabian wolf, and lacks the former's luxuriant wint ...
(''Canis lupus pallipes''), brown bear
The brown bear (''Ursus arctos'') is a large bear species found across Eurasia and North America. In North America, the populations of brown bears are called grizzly bears, while the subspecies that inhabits the Kodiak Islands of Alaska is kno ...
(''Ursus arctos''), golden jackal (''Canis aureus''), wild boar
The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is ...
s (''Sus scrofa''), maral deer (''Cervus elaphus maral''), roe deer
The roe deer (''Capreolus capreolus''), also known as the roe, western roe deer, or European roe, is a species of deer. The male of the species is sometimes referred to as a roebuck. The roe is a small deer, reddish and grey-brown, and well-adapt ...
(''Capreolus capreolus''), urial (''Ovis orientalis arkal''), wild goat
The wild goat (''Capra aegagrus'') is a wild goat species, inhabiting forests, shrublands and rocky areas ranging from Turkey and the Caucasus in the west to Turkmenistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east. It has been listed as near threatene ...
s (''Capra aegagrus'') and goitered gazelles (''Gazella subgutturosa'').Meigouni, H.G., Jahanshahi, M.; Kavoosi, K.; Kiabi B.H.: ''A Study on Herbivorous Habits of Wild Pig (Sus Scrofa) In Golestand National Park''. Journal of Environmental Studies. March 2003; 28(30):55−64.
Extinct
Iran's last known tigers had occurred in this area, before 1960.Geptner, V. G., Sludskij, A. A. (1972). ''Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza.'' Vysšaia Škola, Moskva. (In Russian; English translation: Heptner, V.G., Sludskii, A. A., Komarov, A., Komorov, N.; Hoffmann, R. S. (1992)''Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol III: Carnivores (Feloidea).''
Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington DC).Humphreys, P., Kahrom, E. (1999)
Lion and Gazelle: The Mammals and Birds of Iran
Images Publishing, Avon.
See also
* *Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
The Hyrcanian forests ( fa, جنگل های هیرکانی) are a zone of lush lowland and montane forests covering about adjoining the shores of the Caspian Sea of Iran and part of that of Azerbaijan. The forest is named after the ancient reg ...
* List of national parks and protected areas of Iran
The National parks and protected areas, and wildlife refuges, of Iransepehr
Listings
There are around 200 protected areas in Iran to preserve the precious biodiversity of this country and there are about 16 National Parks among them that are ho ...
* Wildlife of Iran The wildlife of Iran include the fauna and flora of Iran.
One of the most famous wildlife of Iran is the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah (''Acinonyx jubatus venaticus''), which today survives only in Iran.
History
The wildlife of Iran first ...
References
External links
{{authority control National parks of Iran Alborz (mountain range) Biosphere reserves of Iran Geography of Golestan Province Tourist attractions in Golestan Province