On 12 July 1213,
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II (German language, German: ''Friedrich''; Italian language, Italian: ''Federico''; Latin: ''Federicus''; 26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Em ...
made a
Golden Bull by which Frederick offered his obedience to the
Pope and pledged himself to the principle of free
canonical elections by the
chapters, unhampered liberty of appeal to Rome on