Godeffroy Museum

The Museum Godeffroy was a museum in Hamburg, Germany, which existed from 1861 to 1885.

The collection was founded by Johann Cesar VI. Godeffroy, who became a wealthy shipping magnate a few years after the expansion of the trade towards Australia and the South Seas. His expert collectors and captains brought back to Hamburg zoological, botanical and ethnographic material. Captains of vessels, traders and missionaries received exact instructions and appropriate equipment so that they could collect soft bodied animals into alcohol, properly set butterflies or beetles, and prepare bird and mammal skins and skulls. Herbarium instructions and mineral collecting kits were also issued. Duplicate or unwanted parts were sold.

Throughout the museum's history it also sold human skulls from the Pacific regions (including Australia) where the company had a monopoly. This was very profitable. Anthropometry and "Missing Link" theories required especially Aborigine skulls and these were sold to scientific institutions and museums worldwide. The more important material was sold to Otto Finsch and Rudolf Virchow, then pre-eminent German physical anthropologists.

The museum opened in 1861 in parts of the Kontorhäuser (Counting House Building) of the company "J. C. Godeffroy & son". The exhibition on two floors covered the natural history, ethnography and anthropology of the South Seas. Mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians, butterflies, beetles and other insects, marine life (especially shells), masks, totems, costume, weapons, personal ornament and anthropological subjects, aboriginal skulls, photographs of native peoples and so on were displayed in small cases. Larger items, such as boats and reconstructed houses, stood free. Admission was weekdays from 11 to 14 o'clock for one Mark, and on the weekends from 10 to 14 o'clock for 50 Pfennig.

Experts in various fields ("Auftragssammler") were employed on expeditions and for scientific examination and other work on the collection. They included Eduard Heinrich Graeffe, Amalie Dietrich, Johann Stanislaus Kubary, Richard Parkinson, Andrew Garrett, Eduard Dämel, Franz Hübner, Alfred Tetens and Theodor Kleinschmidt, among others.

The overall curator was Johann Schmeltz (1839–1909). In addition, he provided 1865 and 1881 sales catalogs and edited the ''Journal des Museum Godeffroy''. A number of binomial names were published for the first time in these publications giving them significance in classification. The Semper brothers, also from Hamburg, Otto (1830–1907), Karl (1832–1893) and Georg (1837–1909) played an important part in the assembly and conservation of the museum's holdings. Georg named the rare Samoa butterfly ''Papilio godeffroyi'' for Johann Godeffroy.

After the discontinuation of all payments in Dec. 1879 the museum existed further as it did not belong to the company J.C. Godeffroy & Son anymore. Dr. Wilhelm Godeffroy became the owner for a grant to the company. Since 1881 the museum had been threatened in its existence, as all buildings should be pulled down in the area. The abridgement began 1885. The same year in which Cesar Godeffroy died, Dr. Wilhelm Godeffroy finished the negotiations without reaching his wish, to keep the collection in its own rooms in Hamburg.

A large number of exhibits and specimens survive today in the Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig (now merged with the Staatlichen Ethnographischen Sammlung Sachsens and containing 5000 objects comprehensive for Micronesia and Fiji and including objects from Melanesia and Polynesia); the Museum für Völkerkunde Hamburg; the Ethnological Museum of Berlin; the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford; and the D'Arcy Thompson Zoology Museum in Dundee. There is also zoological material in the Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum,Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum
the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, the Civico Museo di Storia Naturale di Trieste and the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna.The Godeffroy Collection of Australian and South Pacific insects is in the Victoria Museum in Melbourne, Australia.The zoological material supports Faunistic of Oceania and Australasia

Johann Schmeltz, the former curator was already a co-worker of the Ethnographic Museum in Leiden (now the Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde), which had purchased parts of the ethnographic collection.

Journal Museum Godeffroy

File:Journaldesmuseumgodeffroy.jpg, Journal Museum Godeffroy Advertisement
File:Journaldesmuseumgodeffroygunther.jpg, Title page
File:JournalMuseumGodoeffroyHeftXVFischederSudseeHeft7Taf136.jpg, Fische der Sudsee
File:Description de quelques Crustaces nouveaux.jpg, Description de quelques Crustaces nouveaux
File:Beitrag zur fauna Centralpolynesiens. Ornithologie der Viti-, Samoa- und Tonga-inselnPl7.jpg, Beitrag zur fauna Centralpolynesiens Ornithologie der Viti-, Samoa- und Tonga-inseln
File:Neue Nacktschnecken der SüdseeJournal des Museum Godeffroy Heft 2 Taf9.jpg, Neue Nacktschnecken der Südsee
File:Australische Kunstgegenstände aus Queensland.jpg, Australische Kunstgegenstände aus Queensland
File:TattooCarolinenArchipelagoKubary1875.jpg, Männliche Tattoo e Karolinen Archipel
File:Schadel 9800 Queensland.jpg, Schädel von Skelett No. 9800 aus Bowen, Queensland

Literature

* Henry A. Ward: '' Museum Godeffroy.'' In: Popular Science Monthly, Volume 8, 1. April 1876, (englisch).
* Rüdiger Bieler, Richard E. Petit: ''Molluscan taxa in the publications of the Museum Godeffroy of Hamburg, with a discussion of the Godeffroy Sales Catalogs (1864–1884), the Journal des Museum Godeffroy (1873–1910), and a history of the museum'', Zootaxa, Magnolia Press, 2012, ISSN 1175-5334,
PDF
.
*Engelhard, Jutta Beate and Mesenhöller, Peter (Hrsg.) 1996 ''Bilder aus dem Paradies. Koloniale Fotografie aus Samoa 1875 - 192''5. 176 Seiten, Jonas Verlag, Marburg .
*Fülleborn, Susanne ''Die ethnographischen Unternehmungen des Hamburger Handelshauses Godeffro''y, 202 S., Magisterarbeit, Univ. Hamburg, 1985.
*Glenn Penny, H. ''Objects of culture : ethnology and ethnographic museums in Imperial Germany'', Chapel Hill/London: University of North Carolina Press 2002.
* Kranz, Helene 2005 Das Museum Godeffroy, 1861-1881 ''Naturkunde und Ethnographie der Südsee''. Eine Publikation des Altonaer Museums. marebuchverlag .
*Lederbogen, Jan 1992 ''Ethnographische Photographie: das Beispiel Museum Godeffroy'', 278 S., Magisterarbeit, Univ. Hamburg, 1992
*Scheps, Birgit 2005 ''Das verkaufte Museum. Die Südsee-Unternehmungen des Handelshauses Joh. Ces. Godeffroy & Sohn, Hamburg, und die Sammlungen Museum Godeffroy''. Goecke & Evers, Keltern-Weiler (Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg; N.F., 40) .
*Schmeltz, J. D. E. und Krause, R. 1881 ''Die Ethnographisch-Anthropologische Abtheilung des Museum Godeffroy in Hamburg : ein Beitrag zur Kunde der Südsee-Völker'', 687 Seiten u. 46 Taf., Friederichsen, Hamburg.

References

External links

BHL
''Journal des Museum Godeffroy'' Museum Godeffroy Hamburg: L. Friederichsen & Co., 1873–1910.
Special exhibition of the Altonaer museum of 15.11.2005 to 14.05.2006An exhibition criticism from the year 2005Godeffroy Museum CataloguesAnthropological photographySkulls as ScienceGerman workers in the ethnographic fieldHugenotten

{{Authority control

Museums established in 1861
Museums disestablished in 1885
1861 establishments in Germany
1885 disestablishments in Germany
Defunct museums in Germany
Ethnographic museums in Germany
Museums in Hamburg
Natural history museums in Germany
19th century in Hamburg
Godeffroy family
Demolished buildings and structures in Germany