God's Step Children
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''God's Step Children'' is a 1938 American
drama film In film and television, drama is a category or genre of narrative fiction (or semi-fiction) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone. Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular super-g ...
directed by
Oscar Micheaux Oscar Devereaux Micheaux (; January 2, 1884 – March 25, 1951) was an author, film director and independent producer of more than 44 films. Although the short-lived Lincoln Motion Picture Company was the first movie company owned and controlled ...
and starring
Jacqueline Lewis Jacqueline Lewis is an American Republican politician from Bridgewater, Massachusetts. She represented the 8th Plymouth district in the Massachusetts House of Representatives The Massachusetts House of Representatives is the lower house o ...
. The film is inspired by a combination of elements shared from two previously released
Hollywood Hollywood usually refers to: * Hollywood, Los Angeles, a neighborhood in California * Hollywood, a metonym for the cinema of the United States Hollywood may also refer to: Places United States * Hollywood District (disambiguation) * Hollywood, ...
productions, '' Imitation of Life'' and ''
These Three ''These Three'' is a 1936 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Miriam Hopkins, Merle Oberon, Joel McCrea, and Bonita Granville. The screenplay by Lillian Hellman is based on her 1934 play '' The Children's Hour''. A 1961 re ...
''.


Plot

A young black woman arrives at the home of Mrs. Saunders, a widow who is black, and begs her to look after her light-skinned baby, whom she cannot afford to feed. At first she says this is temporary while she looks for work, but leaves declaring she will never be back. Mrs. Saunders pledges to raise the child as her own, along with her own son Jimmie. She names the child Naomi. Nine years later, schoolgirl Naomi is thought by the other black children to be aloof and they accuse the light-complexioned child of not wanting to be black. This looks true the day Naomi disappears on her way to school and Jimmie tells his mother that Naomi deliberately avoided the black school she was supposed to attend and instead went to a white school. Naomi denies Jimmie's accusation, saying he's lying because he hates girls. When Mrs. Cushinberry threatens to punish her for being insolent and mean, Naomi furiously explodes that she hates her and the other children and that she only came to the school because her mother sent her there. She spits in the teacher's face which results in Mrs. Cushinberry spanking her. That evening, Mrs. Cushinberry visits Mrs. Saunders, but when she realizes that Naomi didn't tell her mother what happened that afternoon, she decides to keep silent. But Naomi has been eavesdropping, and when the teacher leaves she starts to tell her mother that the teacher was the one at fault. Then Jimmie reveals the truth: Naomi was spanked at school for being unruly and then spitting in the teacher's face. Mrs. Saunders spanks Naomi herself. Later, Naomi starts a rumor that Mrs. Cushinberry is having an affair with a married professor; soon a riot erupts at school and a crowd of angry parents marches to the school superintendent's house to demand that he fire both teachers. When Jimmie tells Mrs. Saunders about the riot, she rushes to the superintendent's office to dispel the rumor Naomi started. Because of this, Naomi is soon sent to a convent. About ten to twelve years later Jimmie, a young man now, has earned $6,700 as a Pullman porter when he is approached by Ontrue Cowper, a gambler, who tries to interest him in investing in the numbers racket. Jimmie rejects this offer, investing in a farm instead. After proposing to his sweetheart Eva, Jimmie invites his mother to live on his new farm. Naomi returns to town, reformed by her life at the convent, and apologizes to her mother for having been a bad child. When Jimmie and Naomi are reunited, the scene implies Naomi's romantic attachment towards him. Mrs. Saunders arranges to have Jimmie take Naomi to see the city. Although things go well, Eva's Aunt Carrie doesn't trust Naomi's unnatural interest in Jimmie and believes that she should be watched. Aunt Carrie’s suspicions prove to be well-founded as Naomi soon confesses her love for her adoptive brother. When Jimmie, Eva, and Naomi return to the country, Jimmie introduces Naomi to his friend, Clyde Wade, who immediately falls in love with her. Clyde is a dark-skinned African American with a country accent. Naomi finds him repulsive and confesses to Jimmie that she has always wanted him to marry her. Realizing that Eva would be crushed by the loss of Jimmie, Naomi consents to marry Clyde. One year later, Naomi tells her mother that she is leaving Clyde and her newborn son and is also “leaving the Negro race" and disappears. A few years after that, Naomi comes back to the farm one night and silently creeps up to the window, through which she sees a happy family scene that will never include her. After getting one last look at her family, Naomi drowns herself in the river.


Cast

*
Jacqueline Lewis Jacqueline Lewis is an American Republican politician from Bridgewater, Massachusetts. She represented the 8th Plymouth district in the Massachusetts House of Representatives The Massachusetts House of Representatives is the lower house o ...
as Naomi, as a Child *
Ethel Moses Ethel Moses (April 29, 1904 – June 1982) was an American stage and film actress, and dancer. She was billed as "the black Jean Harlow". Moses is best known for working in films by Oscar Micheaux. Early life Ethel Moses was born on April 29, 190 ...
as Mrs. Cushinberry / Her Daughter Eva *
Alice B. Russell Alice Burton Russell (June 30, 1889 – January 1, 1985) was an African-American actress, producer, and the wife of director Oscar Micheaux. She appeared in several films directed by her husband. Biography She was born in 1889 in Maxton, ...
as Mrs. Saunders *
Dorothy Van Engle Dorothy Van Engle (August 14, 1910 – May 10, 2004) was an American actress who performed throughout the 1930s. She starred in Oscar Micheaux films, including ''Murder in Harlem'' and ''Swing!''. History Early life Born Donessa Dorothy Van En ...
as Naomi's mother (uncredited) *
Trixie Smith Trixie is a shortened form of the given names Beatrix or Beatrice (given name), Beatrice or Patricia or adopted as a nickname or used as a given name. Trixie may refer to: People * Trixie Friganza (1870–1955), American vaudeville performer a ...
as A Visitor (deleted scene; featured in trailer) * Charles Thompson as Jimmie, as a Child *
Carman Newsome Carman Newsome (June 21, 1912 - July 17, 1974) was an African-American actor, musician and band conductor in the United States. His work includes leading roles in five Oscar Micheaux films. Born in Kansas, he moved to Cleveland, Ohio when he was a ...
as Jimmie, as an Adult * Gloria Press as Naomi, as an Adult *
Alec Lovejoy Alec or Aleck is a Scottish form of the given name Alex. It may be a diminutive of the name Alexander or a given name in its own right. Notable people with the name include: People *Alec Aalto (1942–2018), Finnish diplomat *Alec Acton (1938–1 ...
as Ontrue Cowper, a Gambler * Columbus Jackson as Cowper's Associate *
Laura Bowman Laura Bowman (October 3, 1881 – March 29, 1957) was an American stage, radio, and film actress.Tanner, Jo A."Bowman, Laura" In Hine, Darlene Clark, ed. ''Black Women in America: Theater Arts and Entertainment'', Encyclopedia of Black Women in A ...
as Aunt Carrie * Cherokee Thornton as Clyde Wade (uncredited) * Sam Patterson as A Banker * Charles R. Moore as School Superintendent *
Consuelo Harris Consuelo or Consuela may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Consuelo'' (novel), an 1842–1843 novel by George Sand * Consuela (''Family Guy''), a character in ''Family Guy'' *"Consuelo", a 2002 song by Belle and Sebastian from ''Storytelling'' ...
as Muscle Dancer *
Sammy Gardiner Sammy is a nickname, frequently for people named Samuel, and also an English spelling of the Arabic name Sami. People Music *Sammy Adams (born 1987), American rapper and songwriter *Sammy Cahn (1913-1993), American songwriter *Sammy Davis Jr. (1 ...
as Tap Dancer *
Leon Gross John Leon Gross (September 14, 1912Dolly Jones, dancing as an extra


Production

The
American Film Institute The American Film Institute (AFI) is an American nonprofit film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States. AFI is supported by private funding and public membership fees. Leade ...
's catalog reports that some original material was removed from the film after censors raised objections. Some of the excised scenes featured more insight into child Naomi's hatred toward black people and her desire to be white. Other footage includes adult Naomi with a white husband after she tries to pass as white (at the film's climax), only to be rejected by him when he learns of her black heritage. However, some of the removed footage may still be seen in the film's opening preview trailer. The film's script is based on a short treatment titled "Naomi Negress!" written by
Alice B. Russell Alice Burton Russell (June 30, 1889 – January 1, 1985) was an African-American actress, producer, and the wife of director Oscar Micheaux. She appeared in several films directed by her husband. Biography She was born in 1889 in Maxton, ...
, the wife of director
Oscar Micheaux Oscar Devereaux Micheaux (; January 2, 1884 – March 25, 1951) was an author, film director and independent producer of more than 44 films. Although the short-lived Lincoln Motion Picture Company was the first movie company owned and controlled ...
who plays Mrs. Saunders. It was reported that members of a youth communist group objected to the film's racial characterizations.


Critical debate

''God's Step Children'' has been hailed as a masterpiece and denounced as stereotypical and racially denigrating.. Protests at the time of the film's release apparently targeted scenes and dialogue in which Micheaux repeated his long-standing criticisms of his race, charging it with a lack of ambition and an inability to plan. As in previous Micheaux films, ''God's Step Children'' seems to repeat the same bias in favor of light-skinned blacks that it also attempts to critique. The "bad" blacks, such as the gamblers, are dark-complexioned. Clyde, whom Naomi rejects, is also dark and speaks in a buffoonish country accent. The film does not engage timely sociopolitical issues as forcefully as did earlier Micheaux films such as ''
Within Our Gates ''Within Our Gates'' is a 1920 American silent film by the director Oscar Micheaux that portrays the contemporary racial situation in the United States during the early twentieth century, the years of Jim Crow, the revival of the Ku Klux Kla ...
'' or ''Symbol of the Unconquered''.


References


External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Gods Step Children 1938 films 1938 drama films 1930s English-language films African-American drama films American black-and-white films Films directed by Oscar Micheaux Films about interracial romance 1930s American films