''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family
Lamiaceae
The Lamiaceae ( )
or Labiatae are a family of flowering plants commonly known as the mint, deadnettle or sage family. Many of the plants are aromatic in all parts and include widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory ...
.
[ It consists of about 35 species in ]Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
, New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu
Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea).
It is a simplified version of ...
, New Caledonia
)
, anthem = ""
, image_map = New Caledonia on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg
, map_alt = Location of New Caledonia
, map_caption = Location of New Caledonia
, mapsize = 290px
, subdivision_type = Sovereign st ...
, Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, south-eastern region of Asia, consistin ...
, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become naturalised in India, Africa and Australia. It was named by Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
in honour of botanist Johann Georg Gmelin
Johann Georg Gmelin (8 August 1709 – 20 May 1755) was a German naturalist, botanist and geographer.
Early life and education
Gmelin was born in Tübingen, the son of a professor at the University of Tübingen. He was a gifted child and began ...
.
Species
This listing draws from de Kok's 2012 revision of this genus,[ and additional sources including IPNI, APNI and the Flora of China.][
* '']Gmelina arborea
''Gmelina arborea'', (in English beechwood, gmelina, goomar teak, Kashmir tree, Malay beechwood, white teak, yamane ), locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree in the family Lamiaceae.
Distribution and habitat
''Gmelina arborea ...
'' – India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, S. China, (mainland southeast Asia
Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula or Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west an ...
region)
* ''Gmelina asiatica
''Gmelina asiatica'' is a plant species, described by Linnaeus, in the family Lamiaceae (but previously placed on the Verbenaceae). No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life
The Catalogue of Life is an online database that provides ...
'' – India, Sri Lanka, Burma, China, Thailand, Vietnam, (southeast Asia)
* ''Gmelina australis
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become n ...
'' – Northern Territory
The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia) is an states and territories of Australia, Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. The Northern Territory ...
, Australia
* ''Gmelina basifilum
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become n ...
'' – New Guinea, New Britain
New Britain ( tpi, Niu Briten) is the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago, part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. It is separated from New Guinea by a northwest corner of the Solomon Sea (or with an island hop of Umboi the Dam ...
* ''Gmelina chinensis
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become natu ...
'' – S. China, Laos, Vietnam
* ''Gmelina dalrympleana
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become n ...
'' – Wet tropics & Cape York, Australia, New Guinea
* ''Gmelina delavayana
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become natu ...
'' – Sichuan
Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the ...
& Yunnan
Yunnan , () is a landlocked Provinces of China, province in Southwest China, the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is ...
, China endemic
* ''Gmelina elliptica
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become natu ...
'' – India, Burma, S. China, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, (SE. Asia)
* ''Gmelina evoluta
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become natu ...
'' – New Caledonia
* ''Gmelina fasciculiflora
''Gmelina fasciculiflora'', known as the northern white beech is a species of trees endemic to the Queensland tropical rain forests, Australia, of the mint (Lamiaceae) plant family. It is one of four recognised species of the genus ''Gmelina'' fo ...
'' , Northern white beech – Wet Tropics Australia
* ''Gmelina hainanensis
''Gmelina hainanensis'' is a species of tree in the family Lamiaceae. It is a medium-sized tree, up to tall, growing on open grassy hillsides and sparse forests. It is found in southern China (Hainan Island, and the mainland provinces Guangdon ...
'' – S. China, Vietnam
* ''Gmelina hollrungii
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become natu ...
'' – Moluccas, New Guinea, NT, N. Qld
)
, nickname = Sunshine State
, image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, establishe ...
& WA, Solomon Is.
* ''Gmelina lecomtei
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become natu ...
'' – Yunnan, Kwantung, Hainan, China, Laos
Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...
, Vietnam
* ''Gmelina ledermannii
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become natu ...
'' – New Guinea
* ''Gmelina leichhardtii
''Gmelina leichhardtii'', the white beech, is a tree of eastern Australia. Scattered individuals or small groups of trees naturally occur from the Illawarra district of New South Wales (34½° S) to near Proserpine in tropical Queensland. Th ...
'' , White beech – eastern NSW
)
, nickname =
, image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates:
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, es ...
& QLD
)
, nickname = Sunshine State
, image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, establishe ...
, Australia
* ''Gmelina lepidota
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become n ...
'' – Moluccas, New Guinea, New Britain
* '' Gmelina lignum-vitreum'' – endangered New Caledonia endemic
* '' Gmelina magnifica'' – New Caledonia
* ''Gmelina moluccana
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become n ...
'' – Moluccas, New Guinea, Solomon Is.
* '' Gmelina neocaledonica'' – New Caledonia
* '' Gmelina palawensis''
:* subsp. ''celebica'' – Sulawesi
:* subsp. ''palawensis'' – Palau Is.
* ''Gmelina papuana
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become natu ...
'' – New Guinea
* '' Gmelina peltata'' – Solomon Is.
* '' Gmelina philippensis'' – Philippines, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand
* '' Gmelina racemosa'' ; syn.: ''G. hainanensis'' – Hainan
Hainan (, ; ) is the smallest and southernmost province of the People's Republic of China (PRC), consisting of various islands in the South China Sea. , the largest and most populous island in China,The island of Taiwan, which is slightly l ...
Island & southern China, Vietnam
* '' Gmelina salomonensis'' – Solomon Is. endemic
* ''Gmelina schlechteri
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become n ...
'' – New Guinea
* '' Gmelina sessilis'' – New Guinea, New Britain
* ''Gmelina smithii
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become n ...
'' – New Guinea
* ''Gmelina szechwanensis'' – Sichuan
Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the ...
China, de Kok did not see the type specimen but considers this within ''G. philippinensis''
* ''Gmelina tholicola
''Gmelina'' is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae. It consists of about 35 species in Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, Southeast Asia, India and a few in Africa. Some species such as ''G. arborea'' have been planted and/or become natu ...
'' – New Caledonia
* '' Gmelina uniflora'' – Borneo endemic
* '' Gmelina vitiensis'' – Fiji
Fiji ( , ,; fj, Viti, ; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, ''Fijī''), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean. It lies about north-northeast of New Zealand. Fiji consists ...
endemic
References
Cited works
*
*
Gallery
File:Gmelina_villosa_Blanco1.215-original.png, ''Gmelina villosa'' painting from "Flora de Filipinas … Gran edicion … Atlas I".
File:Gmelina asiatica (Kali Shivan) in Kinnarsani WS, AP W IMG 5822.jpg, ''Gmelina asiatica'' in Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary
Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary is a forest located in Bhadradri Kothagudem district, Telangana state of India. The wildlife sanctuary is spread over an area of with the picturesque Kinnerasani Lake with densely forested islands in the middle ...
, Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...
, India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
.
File:Gmelina asiatica (Kali Shivan) in Kinnarsani WS, AP W IMG 5821.jpg, ''Gmelina asiatica'' in Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India.
File:Gmelina asiatica (Kali Shivan) in Kinnarsani WS, AP W IMG 5820.jpg, ''Gmelina asiatica'' in Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India.
File:Gmelina asiatica (Kali Shivan) in Kinnarsani WS, AP W2 IMG 5820.jpg, ''Gmelina asiatica'' in Kinnerasani Wildlife Sanctuary, Andhra Pradesh, India.
File:Gmelina_asiatica.JPG, ''Gmelina asiatica'' developing fruit, in the botanical garden of Kariyavattam University Campus, Trivandrum
Thiruvananthapuram (; ), also known by its former name Trivandrum (), is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala. It is the most populous city in Kerala with a population of 957,730 as of 2011. The encompassing urban agglomeration populati ...
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2697396
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Lamiaceae genera