Glypheidea is an infraorder of lobster-like decapod

crustacean Crustaceans (Crustacea, ) form a large, diverse arthropod taxon which includes such animals as decapods, seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, amphipods and mantis shrimp. The crustacean group ...

s, comprising a number of

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

forms and the two

extant Extant is the opposite of the word extinct. It may refer to: * Extant hereditary titles * Extant literature, surviving literature, such as ''Beowulf'', the oldest extant manuscript written in English * Extant taxon, a taxon which is not extinct, ...

(living)

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

Neoglyphea ''Neoglyphea inopinata'' is a species of glypheoid lobster, a group thought long extinct before ''Neoglyphea'' was discovered. It is a lobster-like animal, up to around in length, although without claws. It is only known from 17 specimens, cau ...

'' and '' Laurentaeglyphea'': The infraorder was thought to be extinct until a living species, ''

Neoglyphea inopinata ''Neoglyphea inopinata'' is a species of glypheoid lobster, a group thought long extinct before ''Neoglyphea'' was discovered. It is a lobster-like animal, up to around in length, although without claws. It is only known from 17 specimens, cau ...

'', was discovered in 1975. They are now considered "living fossils", with over 256 fossil species discovered, and just two extant species.

Phylogeny

Glypheidea belongs to the

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, ...

Reptantia within the

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

Decapoda The Decapoda or decapods (literally "ten-footed") are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp and prawns. Most decapods are scavengers. The order is esti ...

, although its exact placement within Reptantia is difficult to determine. Some

phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ...

studies consider Glypheidea to be most closely related to the infraorder Astacidea, which consists of the

lobster Lobsters are a family (biology), family (Nephropidae, Synonym (taxonomy), synonym Homaridae) of marine crustaceans. They have long bodies with muscular tails and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. Three of their five pairs of legs ...

s and

crayfish Crayfish are freshwater crustaceans belonging to the clade Astacidea, which also contains lobsters. In some locations, they are also known as crawfish, craydids, crawdaddies, crawdads, freshwater lobsters, mountain lobsters, rock lobsters, mu ...

, whereas other studies instead consider Glypheidea to be more closely related to the infraorder Polychelida, a group of deep-sea blind lobsters.

Taxonomy

; Glypheoidea Winckler, 1882 *† Chimaerastacidae Amati, Feldmann & Zonneveld, 2004 **† '' Chimaerastacus'' Amati, Feldmann & Zonneveld, 2004 *

Glypheidae The Glypheoidea (containing the glypheoid lobsters), is a group of lobster-like decapod crustaceans which forms an important part of fossil faunas, such as the Solnhofen limestone. These fossils included taxa such as ''Glyphea'' (from which the ...

Winckler, 1882 **† '' Cedrillosia'' Garassino, Artal & Pasini, 2009 **† ''

Glyphea ''Glyphea'' is a genus of fossil Glypheoidea, glypheoid crustaceans that lived from the Jurassic to the Eocene. It includes the following species: *''Glyphea alexandri'' Taylor, 1979 *''Glyphea arborinsularis'' Etheridge Jr., 1917 *''Glyphea a ...

'' von Meyer, 1835 **'' Laurentaeglyphea'' Forest, 2006 **† '' Litogaster'' von Meyer, 1847 **''

'' Forest & de Saint Laurent, 1975 **† '' Paralitogaster'' Glaessner, 1969 **† '' Squamosoglyphea'' Beurlen, 1930 **† '' Trachysoma'' Bell, 1858 *† Mecochiridae Van Straelen, 1924 **† '' Huhatanka'' Feldmann & West, 1978 **† '' Jabaloya'' Garassino, Artal & Pasini, 2009 **† ''

Mecochirus ''Mecochirus'' is an extinct genus of lobster-like decapod crustaceans, containing 17 species. The Maxberg Specimen of ''Archaeopteryx'' was initially assigned to the type species, '' Mechocirus longimanatus'' before it was realised that it bel ...

'' Germar, 1827 **† '' Meyeria'' M'Coy, 1849 **† '' Praeatya'' Woodward, 1869 **† '' Pseudoglyphea'' Oppel, 1861 **† '' Selenisca'' von Meyer, 1847 *† Pemphicidae Van Straelen, 1928 **† '' Pemphix'' Meyer, 1840 **† '' Pseudopemphix'' Wüst, 1903 **† '' Sinopemphix'' Li, 1975 *† Platychelidae Glaessner, 1969 **† '' Glaessnericaris'' Garassino & Teruzzi, 1993 **† '' Platychela'' Glaessner, 1931 **† '' Platypleon'' Van Straelen, 1936 ;† Erymoidea Van Straelen, 1924 *†

Erymidae Erymidae is a family of decapod crustaceans known only from fossils. They survived for 100 million years, from the Permo-Triassic boundary to the Albian. Eleven genera are recognised: *'' Clytiella'' Glaessner, 1931 – 1 species *'' Clytiops ...

Van Straelen, 1924 **† '' Clytiella'' Glaessner, 1931 **† '' Clytiopsis'' Bill, 1914 **† '' Enoploclytia'' M'Coy, 1849 **† '' Eryma'' von Meyer, 1840 **† '' Galicia'' Garassino & Krobicki, 2002 **† '' Lissocardia'' von Meyer, 1851 **† '' Palaeastacus'' Bell, 1850 **† '' Paraclytiopsis'' Oravec, 1962 **† '' Protoclytiopsis'' Birshtein, 1958 **† '' Pustulina'' Quenstedt, 1857 **† '' Stenodactylina'' Beurlen, 1928

References

Arthropod infraorders {{decapod-stub