Glutathione ''S''-transferase Mu 1 (gene name GSTM1) is a
human glutathione ''S''-transferase.
Function
Cytosolic
The cytosol, also known as cytoplasmic matrix or groundplasm, is one of the liquids found inside cells (intracellular fluid (ICF)). It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrio ...
and
membrane-bound forms of glutathione ''S''-transferase are encoded by two distinct
supergene
A supergene is a chromosomal region encompassing multiple neighboring genes that are inherited together because of close genetic linkage, i.e. much less recombination than would normally be expected. This mode of inheritance can be due to genomic ...
families. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble
cytoplasmic
mammal
Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ...
ian glutathione ''S''-transferases have been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic glutathione ''S''-transferase that belongs to the mu
class
Class or The Class may refer to:
Common uses not otherwise categorized
* Class (biology), a taxonomic rank
* Class (knowledge representation), a collection of individuals or objects
* Class (philosophy), an analytical concept used differentl ...
. The mu class of enzymes functions in the
detoxification of
electrophilic
In chemistry, an electrophile is a chemical species that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids. Most electrophiles are positively charged, have an atom that carri ...
compounds, including
carcinogens,
therapeutic drugs,
environmental toxin
A toxin is a naturally occurring organic poison produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. Toxins occur especially as a protein or conjugated protein. The term toxin was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–19 ...
s, and products of
oxidative stress, by
conjugation
Conjugation or conjugate may refer to:
Linguistics
* Grammatical conjugation, the modification of a verb from its basic form
* Emotive conjugation or Russell's conjugation, the use of loaded language
Mathematics
* Complex conjugation, the chang ...
with
glutathione.
The genes encoding the mu class of enzymes are organized in a
gene cluster on chromosome 1p13.3, and are known to be highly
polymorphic. These genetic variations can change an individual's susceptibility to carcinogens and toxins, as well as affect the
toxicity and efficacy of certain
drug
A drug is any chemical substance that causes a change in an organism's physiology or psychology when consumed. Drugs are typically distinguished from food and substances that provide nutritional support. Consumption of drugs can be via insuffla ...
s.
Null mutations of this class mu gene have been linked with an increase in a number of
cancers, likely due to an increased susceptibility to environmental toxins and carcinogens. Multiple
protein isoforms are encoded by
transcript variants of this gene.
See also
*
Biliary atresia
Biliary atresia, also known as extrahepatic ductopenia and progressive obliterative cholangiopathy, is a childhood disease of the liver in which one or more bile ducts are abnormally narrow, blocked, or absent. It can be congenital or acquired. I ...
References
Further reading
*
*
External links
PDBe-KBprovides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Glutathione ''S''-transferase Mu 1
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