In
enzymology
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...
, a glutamate synthase (ferredoxin) () is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...
that
catalyzes the
chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the IUPAC nomenclature for organic transformations, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the pos ...
:2 L-glutamate + 2 oxidized ferredoxin
L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + 2 reduced ferredoxin + 2 H
+
Thus, the two
substrates of this enzyme are
L-glutamate
Glutamic acid (symbol Glu or E; the ionic form is known as glutamate) is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins. It is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synt ...
and oxidized
ferredoxin
Ferredoxins (from Latin ''ferrum'': iron + redox, often abbreviated "fd") are iron–sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a range of metabolic reactions. The term "ferredoxin" was coined by D.C. Wharton of the DuPont Co. and applied t ...
, whereas its 4
products
Product may refer to:
Business
* Product (business), an item that serves as a solution to a specific consumer problem.
* Product (project management), a deliverable or set of deliverables that contribute to a business solution
Mathematics
* Produ ...
are
L-glutamine
Glutamine (symbol Gln or Q) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Its side chain is similar to that of glutamic acid, except the carboxylic acid group is replaced by an amide. It is classified as a charge-neutral, ...
,
2-oxoglutarate, reduced ferredoxin, and
H+.
Classification
This enzyme belongs to the family of
oxidoreductase
In biochemistry, an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electrons from one molecule, the reductant, also called the electron donor, to another, the oxidant, also called the electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually ut ...
s, specifically those acting on the CH-NH
2 group of donors with an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor.
Nomenclature
The
systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature.
A semisystematic name or semitrivial ...
of this enzyme class is L-glutamate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (transaminating). Other names in common use include:
* ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase,
* ferredoxin-glutamate synthase,
* glutamate synthase (ferredoxin-dependent), and
* ferredoxin-
glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase Glutamate synthase (also known as Glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase) is an enzyme and frequently abbreviated as GOGAT. This enzyme manufactures glutamate from glutamine and α-ketoglutarate, and thus along with glutamine synthetase (abbrevia ...
(Fd-GOGAT).
Biological role
This enzyme participates in
nitrogen metabolism
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biologi ...
. It has 5
cofactors
Cofactor may also refer to:
* Cofactor (biochemistry), a substance that needs to be present in addition to an enzyme for a certain reaction to be catalysed
* A domain parameter in elliptic curve cryptography, defined as the ratio between the order ...
:
FAD
A fad or trend is any form of collective behavior that develops within a culture, a generation or social group in which a group of people enthusiastically follow an impulse for a short period.
Fads are objects or behaviors that achieve short- ...
,
iron
Iron () is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from la, ferrum) and atomic number 26. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. It is, by mass, the most common element on Earth, right in f ...
,
sulfur
Sulfur (or sulphur in British English) is a chemical element with the symbol S and atomic number 16. It is abundant, multivalent and nonmetallic. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with a chemical formula ...
, iron-sulfur, and
flavoprotein
Flavoproteins are proteins that contain a nucleic acid derivative of riboflavin.
Flavoproteins are involved in a wide array of biological processes, including removal of radicals contributing to oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and DNA repair ...
.
See also
*
Glutamate synthase (NADH)
In enzymology, a glutamate synthase (NADH) () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:2 L-glutamate + NAD+ \rightleftharpoons L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADH + H+
Glutamate synthase facilitates the ammonium assimilation pathway, w ...
*
Glutamate synthase (NADPH)
In enzymology, a glutamate synthase (NADPH) () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
:L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+ \rightleftharpoons 2 L-glutamate + NADP+
Thus, the four substrates of this enzyme are L-glutamine, 2- ...
References
*
*
Flavoproteins
Iron enzymes
Sulfur enzymes
Iron-sulfur enzymes
Enzymes of known structure
EC 1.4.7
{{1.4-enzyme-stub