Gloria Kossak (1941–1991),

Polish Polish may refer to: * Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe * Polish language * Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent * Polish chicken *Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...

painter and poet, was a daughter of painter Jerzy Kossak and granddaughter of another renowned Polish painter, Wojciech Kossak, himself the son of Juliusz Kossak, the

progenitor In genealogy, the progenitor (rarer: primogenitor; german: Stammvater or ''Ahnherr'') is the – sometimes legendary progenitor, legendary – founder of a family, Kinship, line of descent, clan or tribe, Nobility, noble house, or ethnic group. ...

of the entire Kossak family of artists and writers, and precursor of a Polish school of battle-scene painting.

Life

Gloria Kossak was born in

Kraków Kraków (), or Cracow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 159 ...

under the

Nazi German Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

occupation of Poland Occupation commonly refers to: * Occupation (human activity), or job, one's role in society, often a regular activity performed for payment *Occupation (protest), political demonstration by holding public or symbolic spaces *Military occupation, t ...

. During the postwar years, she lived with her mother and sister, Simona Kossak, at their family manor, the legendary ''Kossakówka'', built in 1897, in metropolitan

. They were constantly harassed by the communist authorities (the father, Jerzy Kossak, died before the end of

Stalinism Stalinism is the means of governing and Marxist-Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. It included the creation of a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the the ...

, in 1955). Their garden was confiscated and built on, and their electric power was cut back. Janusz Miliszkiewicz
''Życie jest piękne'', (''tr. Life is beautiful''), part five
an

/ref> Afflicted by poverty, Gloria Kossak nevertheless managed to save the manor from the Kraków authorities' attempts to demolish it. The privately owned manor is, however, said to have deteriorated beyond repair.Marek Lubaś-Harny, Gazeta Krakowska

2009-02-27

Notes

References

* Janusz Miliszkiewicz

at the online reading room: ''onet.pl Czytelnia'' * Janusz Miliszkiewicz

* Janusz Miliszkiewicz

1941 births 1991 deaths Artists from Kraków 20th-century Polish painters Polish women painters 20th-century Polish poets 20th-century Polish women {{Poland-painter-stub