A planetary civilization or global civilization is a

civilization A civilization (or civilisation) is any complex society characterized by the development of a state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond natural spoken language (namely, a writing system). ...

of Type I on the

Kardashev scale The Kardashev scale ( Russian: Шкала Кардашева, ''Shkala Kardasheva'') is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement based on the amount of energy it is able to use. The measure was proposed by S ...

. This type of civilization is likely to be reliant on

renewable energy sources Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale. It includes sources such as sunlight, wind, the movement of water, and geothermal heat. Although most renewable energy ...

such as stellar power, as well as powerful non-renewable sources such as

nuclear fusion Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles ( neutrons or protons). The difference in mass between the reactants and products is manife ...

. A Type I civilization's energy consumption level is roughly equivalent to the

solar insolation Solar irradiance is the power per unit area (surface power density) received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument. Solar irradiance is measured in watts per square metre (W ...

Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...

(between 10¹⁶ and 10¹⁷ watts) ─ around 3

orders of magnitude An order of magnitude is an approximation of the logarithm of a value relative to some contextually understood reference value, usually 10, interpreted as the base of the logarithm and the representative of values of magnitude one. Logarithmic dis ...

higher than that of contemporary humanity (around 2×10¹³ as of 2020).

Planetary civilization – Type I civilization on Kardashev scale

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen nation ...

astronomer An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either ...

Nikolai Kardashev Nikolai Semyonovich Kardashev ( rus, Никола́й Семёнович Кардашёв, p=nʲɪkɐˈlaj sʲɪˈmʲɵnəvʲɪtɕ kərdɐˈʂof; 25 April 1932 – 3 August 2019) was a Soviet and Russian astrophysicist, Doctor of Physical and M ...

, in his 1964 paper titled "Transmission of Information by Extraterrestrial Civilizations", proposed a scale intended to measure the level of technological development of civilizations based on the amount of energy that they are able to utilize, eponymously named the

. A Type I civilization is planetary, consuming all energy that reaches its home planet from its parent star, equivalent to about 10¹⁷ watts in the case of Earth. Carl Sagan suggested defining intermediate values (not considered in Kardashev's original scale) by interpolating and

extrapolating In mathematics, extrapolation is a type of estimation, beyond the original observation range, of the value of a variable on the basis of its relationship with another variable. It is similar to interpolation, which produces estimates between know ...

the commonly used values for the energy consumption levels of types I (10¹⁶ W), II (10²⁶ W) and III (10³⁶ W). According to Sagan's extended model, modern-day humanity is describable as a Type 0.73 civilization as of 2020.

Transition to a planetary civilization

Theoretical physicist Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experime ...

Michio Kaku Michio Kaku (, ; born January 24, 1947) is an American theoretical physicist, futurist, and popularizer of science ( science communicator). He is a professor of theoretical physics in the City College of New York and CUNY Graduate Center. Kak ...

, in his book ''

Physics of the Future ''Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by the Year 2100'' is a 2011 book by theoretical physicist Michio Kaku, author of '' Hyperspace'' and ''Physics of the Impossible''. In it Kaku speculates about pos ...

'', published in 2011, stated that, assuming sustained economic growth, humanity may attain planetary civilization status in 100 years.

Danger

Michio Kaku, in his interview "Will Mankind Destroy Itself?" for "

Big Think Big Think is a multimedia web portal founded in 2007 by Victoria Brown and Peter Hopkins. The website is a collection of interviews, presentations, and round table discussions with experts from a wide range of fields. Victoria Brown is the acting ...

", discussed one possible danger of the transition to a planetary civilization:

In science fiction

Many futuristic civilizations seen in

science fiction Science fiction (sometimes shortened to Sci-Fi or SF) is a genre of speculative fiction which typically deals with imaginative and futuristic concepts such as advanced science and technology, space exploration, time travel, parallel uni ...

are planetary civilizations. According to Michio Kaku, a typical Type I civilization would be that of

Buck Rogers Buck Rogers is a science fiction adventure hero and feature comic strip created by Philip Francis Nowlan first appearing in daily US newspapers on January 7, 1929, and subsequently appearing in Sunday newspapers, international newspapers, books ...

or Flash Gordon, where an entire planet's energy resources have been developed. They can control all the planetary sources of energy, so they might be able to control or modify weather at will, harness the power of a hurricane, and build cities on oceans. Nonetheless, their energy output is still largely confined to their home planet.

Next status – stellar civilization

On the Kardashev scale, the next status (Type II) is a

stellar civilization The Kardashev scale (Russian: Шкала Кардашева, ''Shkala Kardasheva'') is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement based on the amount of energy it is able to use. The measure was proposed by Sovie ...

, a civilization that consumes all the energy that its parent star emits, or about 10²⁷ watts. Michio Kaku suggests in the book "

" that humanity may attain stellar civilization status in a few thousand years.

References

External links

{{Wikiquote
Description of civilization types from Dr. Michio Kaku
Energy development Space colonization Global citizenship