The Glenwood Culture was a population of

Indigenous peoples of North America The Indigenous peoples of the Americas are the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the European settlers in the 15th century, and the ethnic groups who now identify themselves with those peoples. Many Indigenous peoples of the Am ...

prior to historical times. The culture is recognized as an eastern extension of the Nebraska Phase of the

Woodland period In the classification of :category:Archaeological cultures of North America, archaeological cultures of North America, the Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures spanned a period from roughly 1000 Common Era, BCE to European con ...

, and was not a

Mississippian culture The Mississippian culture was a Native Americans in the United States, Native American civilization that flourished in what is now the Midwestern United States, Midwestern, Eastern United States, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from appr ...

Culture

The Glenwood culture lived in

Iowa Iowa () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west. It is bordered by six states: Wisconsin to the northeast, Illinois to the ...

and eastern

Nebraska Nebraska () is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Kansas to the south; Colorado to the southwe ...

from roughly 900 A.D. to 1300 A.D. and built hundreds of earth lodges in the region, farming the rich valley bottoms and cultivating native plants from the surrounding hills. Glenwood sites in southwest Iowa near the Missouri River appear to be unrelated to the earlier Great Oasis sites, and are notable for their large

earthlodge An earth lodge is a semi-subterranean building covered partially or completely with earth, best known from the Native American cultures of the Great Plains and Eastern Woodlands. Most earth lodges are circular in construction with a dome-like ...

sites. Glenwood sites appear to have been more oriented in lifeways and trade with the

Central Plains tradition The Plains Village period or the Plains Village tradition is an archaeological period on the Great Plains from North Dakota down to Texas, spanning approximately 900/950 to 1780/1850 CE. On the west and east, Plains villagers were bounded by the g ...

cultures to the west than with the Mississippian cultures to the southeast. Around 1300 AD Mill Creek and Glenwood sites in Iowa disappeared, replaced by the rapidly spreading

Oneota Oneota is a designation archaeologists use to refer to a cultural complex that existed in the eastern plains and Great Lakes area of what is now occupied by the United States from around AD 900 to around 1650 or 1700. Based on classification de ...

cultures.Tiffany, Joseph A. (2002) Archaeological Perspectives on Southwest Iowa. ''Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society'' 49:11–26

Archaeology

An earth lodge replica has been reconstructed in the Glenwood (Iowa) Lake Park, and the Mills County Museum, also located at the park, houses an excellent collection of artifacts collected by renowned amateur archeologist Paul Rowe. Two archaeological sites in Iowa from the Glenwood culture are listed on the

National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects deemed worthy of preservation for their historical significance or "great artistic v ...

Glenwood Archeological District The Glenwood Archeological District is a nationally recognized historic district and archaeological sites located in the vicinity of Glenwood, Iowa, United States. It is one of nine sites from the Nebraska Phase of the Woodland period recognize ...

and the

West Oak Forest Earthlodge Site The West Oak Forest Earthlodge Site is a historic site located near Glenwood, Iowa, United States. It was discovered in 2009 by local archeologist Dennis Miller who found a depression of about in diameter, and a maximum depth of below the surro ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Glendwood culture Prehistoric cultures in Nebraska Native American history of Iowa Woodland period Archaeological cultures of North America Pre-Columbian cultures Late Prehistoric period of North America Native American tribes in Iowa Native American tribes in Nebraska

Culture

Archaeology

See also

References