The Glendon Iron Company was an iron company in the Lehigh Valley, in Pennsylvania, in the United States. It was the second iron furnace in Lehigh Valley to be fueled by

anthracite Anthracite, also known as hard coal, and black coal, is a hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic luster. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal and is the hig ...

. The company was established in 1842 and disestablished in 1896. Its leaders were primarily based in Boston and Hazleton. The company's main methods of export were via the

Lehigh Canal The Lehigh Canal, or the Lehigh Navigation Canal, is a navigable canal that begins at the mouth of Nesquehoning Creek on the Lehigh River in eastern Pennsylvania. It was built in two sections over a span of twenty years, beginning in 1818. The low ...

and the Morris Canal. The company started out with a single furnace, but eventually came to own five furnaces.

Description of the furnaces

The first furnace of the Glendon Iron company received its power from two

waterwheel A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill. A water wheel consists of a wheel (usually constructed from wood or metal), with a number of blades or buckets ...

s in the

. The waterwheels were in diameter. The waterwheels powered a pair of horizontally positioned blast cylinders. The second furnace to be built was high. Its

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measured by . After 1850, it was powered by a common blast. The common blast was powered by both

steam power A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. The steam engine uses the force produced by steam pressure to push a piston back and forth inside a cylinder. This pushing force can be trans ...

and water power. The third furnace to be built was the same height as the second. However, its bosh was by . This furnace was powered by the same common blast as the second furnace. The fifth furnace had a

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that was high. It had a bosh that had a diameter of . The stack was made of sheet iron. This was the most productive of the furnaces owned by the Glendon Iron Company. In 1874, the first furnace of the Glendon Iron Company was rebuilt by William Firmstone with the intent of modernizing it. After being rebuilt, the furnace was tall, and its bosh had a diameter of . In 1881, the second and third furnaces were rebuilt by Frank Firmstone, William Firmstone's son. The purpose of the rebuilding was again to modernize the furnaces. After being rebuilt, the furnaces were both tall. They had boshes that were in diameter. All of the first three furnaces were modernized once more in between 1887 and 1889.

History

The Glendon Iron Company was established in 1842. The land was secured by the Boston businessman Charles Jackson, Jr. The company began to produce pig iron in 1844. A second furnace was built in 1846. The third furnace belonging to the company was constructed in 1850. In 1852, the company purchased the Teabo mine in Hibernia, New Jersey. They stopped using this mine in 1892. Charles Jackson, Jr. bought the South Easton Iron Furnace for the Glendon Iron Company in 1854. The company was incorporated in 1862. A total of five furnaces were owned by the company by 1868. The company began to decline in 1884. It bought steam-blowing engines from the I.P. Morris Company in 1893, but failed to stop the decline. Due to a decrease in demand for pig iron and difficult economic times, the company closed in 1896. The buildings of the company's furnace were demolished at the beginning of the 1900s. The demolition was completed by 1914. The steam-blowing engines were bought by the Empire Steel and Iron Company. The land that the Glendon Iron Company was on were eventually regained by the Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company. The Glendon Iron Company was the largest industry in the vicinity of Easton for large portions of the 1800s.

Employees and leaders

The leaders of the Glendon Iron Company were

capitalists Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Central characteristics of capitalism include capital accumulation, competitive markets, price system, private pr ...

from Boston and Hazleton. The company was managed by William Firmstone. While under Firmstone's leadership, the company's furnace became one of the largest in Pennsylvania. When William Firmstone died in 1877, his son Frank took his place. Frank Firmstone resigned from the company in 1887. After Firmstone's resignation, John Thomas became the superintendent of the company. John S. Fackenthal succeeded Thomas for the position in 1889. By 1855, most of the residents of Glendon were

employee Employment is a relationship between two parties regulating the provision of paid labour services. Usually based on a contract, one party, the employer, which might be a corporation, a not-for-profit organization, a co-operative, or any other ...

s of the company. The Glendon Iron Company was initially owned by Charles Jackson, Jr.

Import, production, and export

A large amount of the

pig iron Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate product of the iron industry in the production of steel which is obtained by smelting iron ore in a blast furnace. Pig iron has a high carbon content, typically 3.8–4.7%, along with silic ...

produced by the Glendon Iron Company was mined in Williams Township, Northampton County. The mines used by the company contained six mine shafts. These ranged from deep for Shaft Number 6 to deep for the Glendon Shaft and Shaft Number 3. The remaining pig iron was brought to the furnace from New Jersey, via the Morris Canal. Magnetite was also brought to the company from New Jersey. The finished product was then sent to the Morris Canal by the Lehigh Navigation company. From the Morris Canal, the iron was shipped by sea to New York City and Boston, where it was rolled into bars at the Glendon Rolling Mill and also made into finished products. However, after the Glendon Rolling Mill closed in 1857, the Glendon Iron Company began selling their iron to what was known as the Grey Forge market instead. By 1846, the company was producing 7000 tons of iron per year. Typically, the 25% of the raw ore being used by the Glendon Iron Company was magnetite from New Jersey and the remaining 75% was brown

hematite Hematite (), also spelled as haematite, is a common iron oxide compound with the formula, Fe2O3 and is widely found in rocks and soils. Hematite crystals belong to the rhombohedral lattice system which is designated the alpha polymorph of . ...

from the nearby Williams Township.

References

{{Reflist Ironworks and steel mills in Pennsylvania Defunct companies based in Pennsylvania Northampton County, Pennsylvania Manufacturing companies established in 1842 Technology companies established in 1842 Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1896 1842 establishments in Pennsylvania 1896 disestablishments in Pennsylvania

Description of the furnaces

History

Employees and leaders

Import, production, and export

See also

References