Glenblythe Plantation

The Glenblythe Plantation is a former plantation in Gay Hill, Washington County, Texas. Before the American Civil War, it was cultivated with slave labor. The plantation home is no longer standing, however in 1967, a historical marker was installed where it used to stand, as a reminder of a bygone era."GLENBLYTHE PLANTATION," Handbook of Texas Online (https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/acg01), accessed June 13, 2014. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.

History

Beginnings

It was established in 1859 by Thomas Affleck (1812–1868), a Scottish immigrant, nurseryman, agrarian writer and planter, who also had property in Washington, Mississippi.C. Allan Jones, ''Texas Roots: Agriculture and Rural Life Before the Civil War'', College Station, Texas: Texas A&M University Press, 2005, pp. 148-14

/ref> The Glenblythe Plantation was located in what is now the ghost town of Gay Hill, Washington County, Texas, Gay Hill near Brenham in Washington County, Texas. The name ''Glenblythe'' is Scottish Gaelic for "joyous valley."

The plantation house had two and a half floors. It included six bedrooms, two halls, a kitchen, a laundry room, a store room, a dining room, a parlor, three enclosed galleries, and two long galleries alongside the house. Next door, there was a lumber room, a carriage house, a granary, stables, a poultry yard, a pigeonry, and servants' houses. There were also six houses for farmhands. Additionally, there was another house for the overseer. Two miles away, there was a church, a hospital, a storehouse, and twenty frame houses, a sugar mill, a flour mill, a gin house, a press, a sawmill, a blacksmith shop, and another house for the mill foreman.

Commercial uses

The plantation was primarily used for agricultural purposes and contained a winery. There were fields of cotton, corn, barley, millet, hay, and sorghum. Affleck also bred stock such as sheep, cows, mules, oxen, and horses. The plantation was home to one of the largest and earliest plant nurseries in the American South, known as "Central Nurseries." Affleck, who had studied agriculture at the University of Edinburgh, experimented with new crops and also discovered some plants endemic to the South. For example, he discovered the Old Gay Hill Red China, a rose plant which is native to Gay Hill.

There was also a winery, where mustang wine was made with mustang grapes, or vitis mustangensis, for commercial use. Affleck advertised his wine in some of his writing.

Slaves

On top of the overseer and white farmhands, there were about 120 black slaves on the plantation. They were looked after by a black nurse and a doctor, who saw them at least once a month. In his essay entitled ''The Duties of an Overseer'', published in his 1847 best-selling book, the '' Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book'', Affleck emphasized the need to provide slaves with adequate food, clothing, medical care, and access to Christian church services, in order to increase their productivity. However, shortly after the American Civil War of 1861 to 1865, he complained that his freed slaves had become lazy, neglectful, and disrespectful; by then, he had lost much of his financial clout.Thad Sitton, Dan K. Utley, ''From Can See to Can’t: Texas Cotton Farmers on the Southern Prairies'', Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 2010, pp. 26-2

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Civil War

This plantation played a minor role in the American Civil War. In 1862, Thomas Neville Waul (1813–1903), a brigadier general in the Confederate States Army, was a guest at the plantation. During his stay, he organized the Waul's Legion, who used the grounds of the plantation as a camp.Stephen Chicoine, ''The Confederates of Chappell Hill, Texas: Prosperity, Civil War and Decline'', Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, p. 8

/ref> After the war was lost, Affleck rented his plantation to recoup his financial loss. He advertised it in the ''New York Herald''.

References

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Plantations in Texas
Houses in Washington County, Texas
1859 establishments in Texas
Commercial buildings completed in 1859
Texas in the American Civil War