Glebionidinae is a small subtribe of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

s in the tribe

Anthemideae Anthemideae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family, Asteraceae, and the subfamily Asteroideae. They are distributed worldwide with concentrations in central Asia, the Mediterranean Basin, and southern Africa.Oberprieler, C., et al. (2007) ...

of the family

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

. Its members include species used in the production of

garden marguerite Garden marguerites, also known as marguerite daisies, are cultivars of plants in the subtribe Glebionidinae of the family Asteraceae, the great majority being hybrids created in cultivation. One of the genera belonging to the subtribe, '' Argyrant ...

Description

Members of the subtribe are either subshrubs ('' Argyranthemum'') or annual herbs (the remaining genera). The genus ''

Heteranthemis ''Heteranthemis'' is a monotypic genus of plants in the daisy family containing the single species ''Heteranthemis viscidehirta'' ( orth. var. ''H. viscidihirta''),

'' has glandular hairs; the others either lack hairs or have non-glandular hairs. The flower heads ( capitula) are solitary or arranged in loose

corymb Corymb is a botanical term for an inflorescence with the flowers growing in such a fashion that the outermost are borne on longer pedicels than the inner, bringing all flowers up to a common level. A corymb has a flattish top with a superficial ...

s. The ray florets are female, the long petal (ligule) usually being white or yellow. The disc florets are bisexual with a five-lobed corolla. The achenes of the ray florets are three-angled and have two or three wings; those of the disc florets are flattened and have one or two wings.

Taxonomy

The subtribe was first proposed in 1993 by Bremer and Humphries, under the name "Chrysantheminae". The name was validly published at the time, but two annual species placed in the tribe, which were then known as ''Chrysanthemum coronarium'' and ''Chrysanthemum segetum'', are now placed in ''

Glebionis ''Glebionis'' is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. The species were formerly treated in the genus ''Chrysanthemum'', but a 1999 ruling of the International Botanical Congres ...

''. (The genus '' Chrysanthemum'' is now used for perennial Asian species, such as the conserved type ''C. indicum''.) Hence Chrysantheminae Bremer & Humphries became a later

homonym In linguistics, homonyms are words which are homographs (words that share the same spelling, regardless of pronunciation), or homophones ( equivocal words, that share the same pronunciation, regardless of spelling), or both. Using this definiti ...

of Chrysantheminae Less. and so illegitimate. In 2007, Oberprieler and Vogt provided a new name, Glebionidinae, based on the genus ''Glebionis'', whose type species is ''

Glebionis coronaria ''Glebionis coronaria'', formerly called ''Chrysanthemum coronarium'', is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family. It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is cultivated and naturalized in East Asia and in scattered locations in No ...

'', formerly ''Chrysanthemum coronarium''.

Genera

The subtribe comprises four genera: *'' Argyranthemum'' Webb, about 24 species *''

'' Cass., two species *''

Heteranthemis ''Heteranthemis'' is a monotypic genus of plants in the daisy family containing the single species ''Heteranthemis viscidehirta'' ( orth. var. ''H. viscidihirta''),

'' Schott, one species *''

Ismelia ''Ismelia carinata'', the tricolour chrysanthemum, tricolor daisy, or annual chrysanthemum, is an ornamental plant native to north Africa that is cultivated as a garden plant and grows as a weed in California. It is the sole species in the genus ...

'' Cass., one species Intergeneric hybrids are known: *×''Argyrimelia'' J.M.H.Shaw = ''Argyranthemum'' × ''Ismelia'' – artificial hybrids *×''Glebianthemum'' J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores = ''Argyranthemum'' × ''Glebionis'' – artificial and spontaneous hybrids **×''Glebianthemum valinianum'' J.M.Watson & A.R.Flores = ''A. frutescens'' × ''G. coronaria'' – discovered in

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

where both parents were naturalized and grew together; also produced artificially *''Glebionis'' × ''Ismelia'' – artificial hybrids File:Argyranthemum frutescens subsp. canariae.JPG, ''Argyranthem frutescens'' File:Glebionis coronaria1.jpg, ''Glebionis coronaria'' var. ''discolor'' File:Curtis's botanical magazine (No. 508) (8413243693) rev.jpg, Illustration of ''Ismelia carinata'' File:Argyranthemum frutescens Vera 3zz.jpg,

Garden marguerite Garden marguerites, also known as marguerite daisies, are cultivars of plants in the subtribe Glebionidinae of the family Asteraceae, the great majority being hybrids created in cultivation. One of the genera belonging to the subtribe, '' Argyrant ...

'Vera' File:Starr-110307-2074-Argyranthemum frutescens-flowers-Kula Botanical Garden-Maui (24959393062).jpg, Hybrid garden marguerite File:木茼蒿Argyranthemum_frutescens_cultivars_20191224160830_02.jpg, Hybrid garden marguerite

Phylogeny

A 2007 molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe Anthemideae found the subtribe Glebionidinae to be the most deeply nested. One species from each of the genera was included, producing the relationships within the subtribe shown below. The apparently close relationship between ''Glebionis'' and ''Ismelia'' is reflected in the decision by some sources to sink ''I. carinata'' into ''Glebionis'' as ''G. carinata''.

Distribution

Genera belonging to the subtribe are native to

Macaronesia Macaronesia (Portuguese: ''Macaronésia,'' Spanish: ''Macaronesia'') is a collection of four volcanic archipelagos in the North Atlantic, off the coasts of Africa and Europe. Each archipelago is made up of a number of Atlantic oceanic islands ...

, Europe, northern Africa and southwestern Asia.

Cultivation

''Argyranthemum'' species, particularly '' Argyranthemum frutescens'', have been in cultivation since at least the early 1700s. ''

Ismelia carinata ''Ismelia carinata'', the tricolour chrysanthemum, tricolor daisy, or annual chrysanthemum, is an ornamental plant native to north Africa that is cultivated as a garden plant and grows as a weed in California. It is the sole species in the genus ...

'', sometimes known as the annual chrysanthemum, is also cultivated. Particularly since the 1960s, intergeneric hybrids among the members of the subtribe have been used to introduce flowers of varied colours and forms into

s, used as

bedding Bedding, also known as bedclothes or bed linen, is the materials laid above the mattress of a bed for hygiene, warmth, protection of the mattress, and decorative effect. Bedding is the removable and washable portion of a human sleeping environm ...

and container plants.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2917510 Anthemideae Plant subtribes