''Glaucium calycinum'' is a species of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants th ...

in the horned poppy genus which is endemic to

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

Description

''Glaucium calycinum'' is a

biennial Biennial means (an event) lasting for two years or occurring every two years. The related term biennium is used in reference to a period of two years. In particular, it can refer to: * Biennial plant, a plant which blooms in its second year and th ...

flowering plant ranging from in height with a life cycle of roughly two years. It has branches, usually hairless, on its stems, though the lower parts of the stem may have a few sparse hairs. Its buds are long with sepals that might have hairs; these flower into petals long, the ends of which are yellow, transitioning to orange at the center. There are many stamens whose anthers are long, with filaments that are wider in the middle but narrow towards the end and the base. The seed pods are of the

silique A silique or siliqua (plural ''siliques'' or ''siliquae'') is a type of fruit (seed capsule) having two fused carpels with the length being more than three times the width. When the length is less than three times the width of the dried fruit i ...

type and may or may not have hairs; if they do then these are scale-shaped while the plant is immature. Once the plant has matured these seed pods can grow up to long. When the plant is fruiting, its pedicels grow up to long and stand upright or slightly bent.

Similar species

''Glaucium yazdianum'' has similar petal color and leaf shape to ''G. calycinum''. However, their cellular structures, shape of trichomes on the siliquae, and bud length differ in several ways.

Taxonomy

The species has two accepted subspecies: * ''G. calycinum'' subsp. ''calycinum'' * ''G. calycinum'' subsp. ''aserbaidshanicum'' Mory

Distribution and habitat

''Glaucium calycinum'' is only found in Iran, making it endemic to the country. Specifically, plants of the species have been recorded from the central, northern, and northwestern parts of Iran. The plant grows along roads and on hillsides, and the ground on which it is found is clay-rich or bare. The species is found at elevations of .

References

Papaveroideae {{Improve categories, date=February 2022