Giyath al-Din Muhammad () was second ruler of the

Emirate of Eretna The Eretnids ( tr, Eretna Beyliği) were an Anatolian beylik that succeeded the Ilkhanids, Ilkhanid governors in Anatolia and that ruled in a large region extending between Caesarea (Kayseri), Sebastea (Sivas) and Amaseia (Amasya) in Central Anato ...

Early reign

He was born to

Eretna Ala al-Din Eretna (or Eretne, also Artanā) was a Mongol officer of Uyghur origin in the service of Timurtash, the Ilkhanid governor of Anatolia. He later became the last Mongol governor of Anatolia himself and forged his own principality and dy ...

and Isfahan Khatun of

Jalairs Jalair ( mn, Жалайр; ; ), also Djalair, Yyalair, Jalayir, is one of the Darliqin Mongol tribes according to Rashid-al-Din Hamadani's ''Jami' al-tawarikh''. They lived along the Shilka River in modern Zabaykalsky Krai of Russia.History of Mo ...

as their youngest son. At time of his father's death he was still studying in the madrassah of

Konya Konya () is a major city in central Turkey, on the southwestern edge of the Central Anatolian Plateau, and is the capital of Konya Province. During antiquity and into Seljuk times it was known as Iconium (), although the Seljuks also called it D ...

, but was preferred over his half-brother Jafar by his emirs and declared ruler in 1352 by his vizier and former teacher Khwaja Ali. However, since he was a minor, authority was in hands of warlords. During Mehmed's reign,

Beyliks of Canik Beyliks of Canik ( tr, Canik beylikleri ) is a name given to a group of small Turkoman principalities in northern Anatolia during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Anthony Bryer connects the toponyme Chanik with the name "Chani" which the ...

became more autonomous and

Beylik of Dulkadir The Anatolian beylik of Dulkadir (Modern Turkish: ''Dulkadiroğulları Beyliği''), was one of the frontier principalities established by the Turkoman clans Bayat, Afshar and Begdili after the decline of Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm. Capitals ...

captured several towns belonged to Eretnids. However,

Zeyneddin Karaca Bey Zayn ad-Din ( ar, زين الدين, also transliterated as Zinedine, Zeyneddin, Zain-ud-Din, Zainuddin, Zainaddin, etc.) is an Arabic name meaning "grace of the religion" and may refer to: People Given name * Zayn al-Din Ali Kutchek (died 1168) ...

himself soon fled to Muhammad, seeking protection from

Mamelukes Mamluk ( ar, مملوك, mamlūk (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural), translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave", also transliterated as ''Mameluke'', ''mamluq'', ''mamluke'', ''mameluk'', ''mameluke'', ''mamaluke'', or ''marmeluke'') i ...

, however Muhammad's emirs turned him over to Egypt, who executed Karaca in 1353. Soon, Muhammad was deposed by his emirs and his half-brother Jafar reigned for a year. Fled to

Karamanids The Karamanids ( tr, Karamanoğulları or ), also known as the Emirate of Karaman and Beylik of Karaman ( tr, Karamanoğulları Beyliği), was one of the Anatolian beyliks, centered in South-Central Anatolia around the present-day Karaman Pro ...

, Muhammad was restored to throne thanks to his governor of

Ankara Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, maki ...

Ibn Kurdi in September 1355, forcing Jafar to flee to Egypt.

Later reign

He allied with Dulkadirids again in 1361 and marched on

Malatya Malatya ( hy, Մալաթիա, translit=Malat'ya; Syro-Aramaic ܡܠܝܛܝܢܐ Malīṭīná; ku, Meletî; Ancient Greek: Μελιτηνή) is a large city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital of Malatya Province. The city ha ...

, which was then governed by Mamelukes. Its governor Esendemir Tazı had to retreat, while Mamluk governor of

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

Yolbuqa forced sides to retreat with its 24,000 strong army. Three years later Muhammad's former teacher and vizier Khwaja Ali surprisingly rebelled and marched on

Kayseri Kayseri (; el, Καισάρεια) is a large Industrialisation, industrialised List of cities in Turkey, city in Central Anatolia, Turkey, and the capital of Kayseri Province, Kayseri province. The Kayseri Metropolitan Municipality area is comp ...

. Muhammad had to flee to

Al-Kamil Sha'ban Al-Kamil Sayf ad-Din Sha'ban ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun, better known as al-Kamil Sha'ban, was the Mamluk sultan of Egypt between August 1345 and January 1346. He was the fifth son of an-Nasir Muhammad to serve as sultan, having succeeded his brother ...

, later returning from Syria and capturing the vizier. Soon after vizier's execution, other emirs led by Hajji Shadgaldi and Hajji Ibrahim conspired to kill him and enthrone his 13-year-old son Ali.

References

{{Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and Turkish beyliks, state=collapsed 1365 deaths Year of birth unknown Assassinated royalty 14th-century rulers in Asia 14th-century Turkic people