Gippeumjo

The ''Kippumjo'' or ''Gippeumjo''  (translated variously as ''Pleasure Group'', ''Pleasure Groups'', ''Pleasure Squad'', or ''Pleasure Brigade'') is a collection of groups of approximately 2,000 women and girls reportedly maintained by the leader of North Korea for the purpose of providing entertainment, including that of a sexual nature, for high-ranking Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) officials and their families, as well as, occasionally, distinguished guests.

Little is known outside North Korea about the ''Kippumjo'', and most reports are based on the accounts of North Koreans who have defected, particularly Mi-Hyang, who told the magazine ''Marie Claire'' in 2010 that she had been a ''Kippumjo'' member, and Kenji Fujimoto, who says he was a chef to Kim Jong-il.

Etymology

The first two syllables of the name, '' kippum'', is a native Korean word meaning ''joy'' or ''happiness''. The suffix ''jo'' (組) is a Sino-Korean word which describes a group of people, roughly analogous to the terms "squad" or "team".

Bradley K Martin's 2004 book ''Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader'' is based on a combination of visits to North Korea, research and interviews with defectors carried out in the early 1990s. Martin writes that Kim Il-sung was not just interested in pleasure, but also in rejuvenating himself through absorbing a young virgin's ''ki'', or life-force, during sex. He believed that having sexual relations with young women would increase his jing and have the effect of enhancing his life force, or '' gi'' (Chosŏn'gŭl: ; Hanja: )

History

Kim Il-sung

According to Fox News, the ''Kippumjo'' have existed since the administration of North Korea's first leader, Kim Il-sung. The first group was recruited in 1978 by Ri Dong-ho, the First Vice Director of the United Front Department of the Workers' Party of Korea, for the purpose of entertaining Kim at the Munsu Chodaeso (; Munsu Guesthouse).

Kim Jong-il

There were rumours that Kim Il-sung's son and successor, Kim Jong-il, also maintained a ''Kippumjo'', according to an unnamed North Korean defector reported in the online newspaper ''Daily NK'' in 2013. The group that used to perform for Kim Jong-il was disbanded shortly after his death in December 2011, according to the South Korean newspaper ''The Chosun Ilbo'' in April 2015. The newspaper said that members of Kim Jong-il's ''Kippumjo'' were made to sign a pledge of secrecy in exchange for money and gifts. According to the paper, the women who worked as entertainers received an amount of money worth up to $4,000 before returning to their hometowns. The members of the squad were also said to have received compensation in the form of home appliances.

Kim Jong-un

In 2015, Kim Jong-un, the son and successor to Kim Jong-il, was said to be seeking new members for his own ''Kippumjo'' after his father's group of women had been disbanded, according to the ''Chosun Ilbo''. The story also appeared in Britain's ''Daily Telegraph'' newspaper. The recruiting and training of ''Kippumjo'' in 2015 was administered by the Fifth Department of Staff of the Organic Direction of the Party (called 오과 Ogwa).

Structure

According to the British journalist Jasper Becker writing for the Asia Times in 2003, a former bodyguard has said that each ''pleasure group'' was composed of three ''teams'':
#''Manjokjo'' (Chosŏn'gŭl: ; Hancha: ) – a ''satisfaction team'' (which provides sexual services)
#''Haengbokjo'' (Chosŏn'gŭl: ; Hancha: ) – a ''happiness team'' (which provides massages)
#''Gamujo'' (Chosŏn'gŭl: ; Hancha: ) – a ''dancing and singing team'' 

''Kippumjo'' is briefly discussed in the 2009 book ''Nothing to Envy'' by US journalist Barbara Demick. The book is based on interviews with North Korean defectors. According to Demick, girls from throughout the country were recruited to be ''Kippumjo'' members according to government criteria. Suki Kim, a Korean American journalist who has lived undercover in North Korea, wrote in 2014 that one of the criteria was that they had to be virgins. In Bradley K Martin's 2004 book he says that schools recommended suitable teenage girls to recruiters, with their parents receiving enhanced status and money. Once recruited, members of the ''Kippumjo'' underwent extensive training, sometimes abroad, according to Mi-Hyang.

Martin adds that women retired from ''Kippumjo'' at 22 and married members of the country's elite. In the 2014 memoir of defector Jang Jin-sung, ''Dear Leader: Poet, Spy, Escapee – A Look Inside North Korea'', Jang writes of the ''Kippumjo'' during the time of Kim Jong-il's rule that: "Most of them go into arranged marriages with personal guards or senior cadres cleared to work in foreign affairs. Some even go on to become cadres themselves." Britain's ''Daily Telegraph'' newspaper reported in 2015 that many ''Kippumjo'' members were retired in their 20s and married military officers who were seeking wives.

See also

* Sexual slavery
* Human trafficking in North Korea
* Prostitution in North Korea
*Gungnyeo
*Kisaeng

Notes

References

* Martin, Bradley K. (2004). ''Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty''. New York, New York, United States: Thomas Dunne Books. Hardcover: ; Paperback: .

External links

*
{{Authority control
Child sexual abuse in North Korea
Forced prostitution
North Korean musical groups
1978 establishments in North Korea
Organizations based in North Korea
Human trafficking in North Korea
Organizations established in 1978
Prostitution in North Korea